scholarly journals Effects of Achyrocline satureioides Inflorescence Extracts against Pathogenic Intestinal Bacteria: Chemical Characterization, In Vitro Tests, and In Vivo Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Suzana Moresco ◽  
Alexandre Kleber Silveira ◽  
Fares Zeidán-Chuliá ◽  
Ana Paula Folmer Correa ◽  
Rafael R. Oliveria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dried Extract ◽  
Achyrocline Satureioides

Three Achyrocline satureioides (AS) inflorescences extracts were characterized: (i) a freeze-dried extract prepared from the aqueous extractive solution and (ii) a freeze-dried and (iii) a spray-dried extract prepared from hydroethanol extractive solution (80% ethanol). The chemical profile, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity against intestinal pathogenic bacteria of AS extracts were evaluated. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by the total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) assay. In vivo analysis and characterization of intestinal microbiota were performed in male Wistar rats (saline versus treated animals with AS dried extracts) by high-throughput sequencing analysis: metabarcoding. Antimicrobial activity was tested in vitro by the disc diffusion tests. Moisture content of the extracts ranged from 10 to 15% and 5.7 to 17 mg kg−1 of fluorine. AS exhibited antioxidant activity, especially in its freeze-dried form which also exhibited a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against intestinal pathogenic bacteria greater than those observed by the antibiotic, amoxicillin, when tested against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of AS extracts seemed to be positively correlated with the present amount of flavonoids. These findings suggest a potential use of AS as a coadjuvant agent for treating bacterial-induced intestinal diseases with high rates of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Vernonia cinerea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Jaswinder Mehta ◽  
Peenu Mahendra Joshi ◽  
Priyanka Kushwaha ◽  
Geeta Parkhe
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Vernonia Cinerea

The aim of present study was to estimate the in vitro antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant. The extract was found to scavenge effectively the free radicals. The total flavonoid contents were determined by established methods and were found to be 0.547 mg/100mg in quercitin equivalents. Antimicrobial activity was performed against 2 stains of human pathogenic bacteria by well diffusion method. Hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea showed good antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria. The antioxidant activities may be attributed to the presence of significant amounts of flavonoid compounds. Results indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea possess significant antioxidant effect in dose dependent manner, followed by the hydroalcoholic extract of Vernonia cinerea possessed good antimicrobial activity. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Radical scavenging activity, Free radicals, Antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Less Polar Compounds and Targeted Antioxidant Potential (In Vitro and In Vivo) of Codium adhaerens C. Agardh 1822

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Sanja Radman ◽  
Ana-Marija Cikoš ◽  
Ivana Flanjak ◽  
Sanja Babić ◽  
Lara Čižmek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Freeze Dried

Codium adhaerens from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) was comprehensively investigated regarding less polar compounds for the first time. Although there are several phytochemical studies on C. adhaerens from other regions, this is the first report on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fresh (FrCa) and air-dried (DrCa) samples. The novelty is also related to its targeted antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo. The main aims were to: (a) identify and compare VOCs of FrCa and DrCa obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD); (b) determine fatty acid (FA) composition of freeze-dried sample (FdCa); (c) determine the composition of less polar fractions of FdCa by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS); and (d) comprehensively evaluate the antioxidant activity of the fractions by four in vitro assays and in vivo zebrafish model (including embryotoxicity). Significant changes of VOCs were found after air drying. ω6 FAs were present in higher content than ω3 FAs indicating C. adhaerens as a good source of dietary polyunsaturated FAs. The results obtained in vivo correlate well with in vitro methods and both fractions exerted similar antioxidative responses which is in agreement with the high abundance of present biomolecules with known antioxidant properties (e.g., fucoxanthin, pheophytin a, and pheophorbide a). These results suggest that C. adhaerens might be a potent source of natural antioxidants that could be further used in the research of oxidative stress-related diseases.

scholarly journals Screening of Probiotic Activities of Forty-Seven Strains of Lactobacillus spp. by In Vitro Techniques and Evaluation of the Colonization Ability of Five Selected Strains in Humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 4949-4956 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Jacobsen ◽  
V. Rosenfeldt Nielsen ◽  
A. E. Hayford ◽  
P. L. Møller ◽  
K. F. Michaelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Washout Period ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Freeze Dried

ABSTRACT The probiotic potential of 47 selected strains ofLactobacillus spp. was investigated. The strains were examined for resistance to pH 2.5 and 0.3% oxgall, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and antimicrobial activities against enteric pathogenic bacteria in model systems. From the results obtained in vitro, five strains,Lactobacillus rhamnosus 19070-2, L. reuteri DSM 12246, L. rhamnosus LGG, L. delbrueckii subsp.lactis CHCC 2329, and L. casei subsp.alactus CHCC 3137, were selected for in vivo studies. The daily consumption by 12 healthy volunteers of two doses of 1010 freeze-dried bacteria of the selected strains for 18 days was followed by a washout period of 17 days. Fecal samples were taken at days 0 and 18 and during the washout period at days 5 and 11.Lactobacillus isolates were initially identified by API 50CHL and internal transcribed spacer PCR, and their identities were confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis in combination with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Among the tested strains, L. rhamnosus 19070-2, L. reuteri DSM 12246, and L. rhamnosus LGG were identified most frequently in fecal samples; they were found in 10, 8, and 7 of the 12 samples tested during the intervention period, respectively, whereas reisolations were less frequent in the washout period. The bacteria were reisolated in concentrations from 105 to 108 cells/g of feces. Survival and reisolation of the bacteria in vivo appeared to be linked to pH tolerance, adhesion, and antimicrobial properties in vitro.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity from Species Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, a Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Juliane Maria dos Santos Silva ◽  
Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida ◽  
Cristiane dos Santos Cerqueira Alves ◽  
Daniel Amando Nery ◽  
Livia Maria Oliveira Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Introduction: Nowadays, several bacteria have acquired resistance to available antimicrobial agents making necessary the search for new therapeutic alternatives. Plectranthus amboinicus L. is a succulent and aromatic herb, popularly known as thick leaf mint, used in popular medicine for the treatment of colds, digestive diseases, asthma, headache and to fight pathogenic bacteria activity. In view the antimicrobial activity of P. amboinicus this study had as aim to review publications involving researches about antimicrobial activity of this species. Materials and Methods: For this, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Scielo databases were consulted in November 2020 using the keywords Plectranthus amboinicus and antimicrobial activity. In vitro and/or in vivo studies on the antimicrobial activity of the species in the last 10 years were considered. Results: The main microorganisms evaluated were: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and some Candida species. The essential oils had carvacrol, germacrene D, thymol and camphor as main constituents. Most studies evaluated the antimicrobial activity using broth dilution and agar diffusion methods. In most studies essential oil, extracts and/or isolated substances showed significant antimicrobial activity. Synergistic activity was also observed through association with antibiotics. Conclusion: P. amboinicus has therapeutic potential for antimicrobial treatments and can be an alternative to the treatment of resistant microorganisms and that further in vivo and clinical studies with the species are still needed.

Exploitation of the Antioxidant Potential of Geranium Macrorrhizum (Geraniaceae): Hepatoprotective and Antimicrobial Activities

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko S. Radulović ◽  
Milan B. Stojković ◽  
Snežana S. Mitić ◽  
Pavle J. Randjelović ◽  
Ivan R. Ilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Methanol Extracts

In this study we evaluated in vitro (radical scavenging) and in vivo (hepatoprotective effect) antioxidant activities and antimicrobial properties of the extracts of the above- and underground parts of Geranium macrorrhizum L. (Geraniaceae), an ethnopharmacologically renowned plant species. The antioxidant activity and total phenol and flavonoid contents of four different solvent extracts were evaluated by seven different methods. The methanol extracts, administered i.p. to rats (120-480 mg/kg), were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in a CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity model. The same extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and two fungal species. The administered methanol extracts with the highest antioxidant potential showed a significant dose-dependent hepatoprotective action against CCl4-induced liver damage in both decreasing the levels of liver transaminases and bilirubin and in reducing the extent of morphological malformations of the liver. The leaf methanol extract displayed a very strong antibacterial activity, especially against Staphylococcus aureus, with low minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. These results justify the frequent use of this plant species in folk medicine. Besides the known astringent effect, one can expect that the observed antimicrobial activity against several human pathogens contributes to the wound healing properties of this plant.

scholarly journals Improving Phenolic-Linked Antioxidant, Antihyperglycemic and Antibacterial Properties of Emmer and Conventional Wheat Using Beneficial Lactic Acid Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-288
Author(s):  
Ashish Christopher ◽  
Dipayan Sarkar ◽  
Kalidas Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Vitro Assay

Beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-based fermentation is an effective bioprocessing approach to improve human-health-targeted functional benefits of plant-based food substrates, such as cereal grains. Previously, we observed high phenolic bioactive-linked antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties in whole grain Emmer (hulled). In this study, beneficial LAB (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) was recruited to ferment (0–72 h) aqueous extracts (0.4 g/mL concentration) of previously optimized hulled Emmer wheat and conventional red spring wheat cv. Barlow. The fermented and unfermented (control) wheat extracts were analyzed for phenolic content, phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and antihyperglycemic properties (α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity) using in vitro assay models. Additionally, antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori, and potential prebiotic activity supporting the growth of beneficial Bifidobacterium longum were also investigated. Improvement in antioxidant activity and antihyperglycemic functional benefits were observed, while soluble phenolic content remained high after 72 h fermentation. Antimicrobial activity against H. pylori was also observed in 48 and 72 h fermented wheat extracts. This study provides an insight into the efficacy of LAB-based fermentation as a safe bioprocessing tool to design health-targeted functional foods and ingredients from underutilized whole grains like Emmer for targeting type 2 diabetes dietary benefits.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activities of Stilbenoids fromRheum emodiWall

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-yuan Chai ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yan-li Li ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Rheum emodiWall has been reported to possess protective effect in many inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress-related injuries. This study aims to investigate antioxidant power of stilbenoids fromR. emodiand then explore the material basis for its antioxidant potential. The most abundant stilbenoid piceatannol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PICG) and its aglycon piceatannol (PICE) were isolated fromR. emodirhizome. Using well-accepted antioxidant chemicals as reference, antioxidant activity of these stilbenoids was examined by measuring DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidationin vitro. Both PICG and PICE displayed promising antioxidant activity in all the four assays. Comparisons among the tested compounds indicated that PICE has the most potent antioxidant activity and the presence of 3′-hydroxyl group may enhance antioxidant activity of stilbenoids. The antioxidative effect of PICE at the cellular level was further demonstrated on the model of hydrogen-peroxide-induced H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts injury. Taking into account the rapidin vivometabolic transformation of PICG into PICE it can be inferred that the most abundant stilbenoid PICG may be an important constituent responsible for the antioxidant potential ofR. emodiand promising to be developed as an antioxidant agent for supplementary or therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous knowledge and pharmacological activities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249919
Author(s):  
Kellen Natalice Vilharva ◽  
Daniel Ferreira Leite ◽  
Helder Freitas dos Santos ◽  
Katia Ávila Antunes ◽  
Paola dos Santos da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum

Zootherapy is a traditional secular practice among the Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous ethnic group living in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. My people use the oil extracted from larvae of the snout beetle Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758) to treat and heal skin wounds and respiratory diseases. Based on this ethnopharmacological knowledge, the chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and healing properties of R. palmarum larvae oil (RPLO) were investigated, as well as possible toxic effects, through in vitro and in vivo assays. The chemical composition of the RPLO was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of RPLO was investigated through the direct 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. The healing properties of RPLO were investigated by performing a cell migration assay using human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), and the toxicity was analyzed, in vivo, using a Caenorhabditis elegans model and MRC-5 cells, in vitro. RPLO contains 52.2% saturated fatty acids and 47.4% unsaturated fatty acids, with palmitic acid (42.7%) and oleic acid (40%) representing its major components, respectively. RPLO possesses direct antioxidant activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 46.15 mg.ml-1. The antimicrobial activity of RPLO was not observed at a concentration of 1% (v/v). RPLO did not alter the viability of MRC-5 cells and did not exert toxic effects on C. elegans. Furthermore, MRC-5 cells incubated with 0.5% RPLO showed a higher rate of cell migration than that of the control group, supporting its healing properties. Taken together, RPLO possesses direct antioxidant activity and the potential to aid in the healing process and is not toxic toward in vitro and in vivo models, corroborating the safe use of the oil in traditional Guarani-Kaiowá medicine.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo efficacy of the combination of colistin and endolysins against clinical strains of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Blasco ◽  
A. Ambroa ◽  
R. Trastoy ◽  
E. Perez-Nadales ◽  
F. Fernández-Cuenca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Clinical Strain

ABSTRACTThe multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogenic bacteria is jeopardizing the worth of antimicrobials, which had previously changed medical sciences. In this study, we used bioinformatic tools to identify the endolysins ElyA1 and ElyA2 (GH108-PG3 family) present in the genome of bacteriophages Ab1051Φ and Ab1052Φ, respectively. The muralytic activity of these endolysins over MDR clinical isolates (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) was tested using the turbidity reduction assay. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of endolysin, colistin and their combination were determined using the microdilution checkerboard method. The antimicrobial activity of the combinations was confirmed by time kill curves and in vivo assays in larvae of Galleria mellonella. Our results showed that ElyA1 displayed activity against all 25 strains of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa tested and against 13 out of 17 strains of K. pneumoniae. No activity was detected when assays were done with endolysin ElyA2. The combined antimicrobial activity of colistin and endolysin ElyA1 yielded a reduction in the colistin MIC for all strains studied, except K. pneumoniae. These results were confirmed in vivo in G. mellonella survival assays. In conclusion, the combination of colistin with new endolysins such as ElyA1 could increase the bactericidal activity and reduce the MIC of the antibiotic, thus also reducing the associated toxicity.IMPORTANCEThe development of multiresistance by pathogen bacteria increases the necessity of the development of new antimicrobial strategies. In this work, we combined the effect of the colistin with a new endolysin, ElyA1, from a bacteriophage present in the clinical strain of Acinetobacter baumannii Ab105. ElyA1 is a lysozyme-like family (GH108-GP3), whose antimicrobial activity was described for first time in this work. Also, another endolysin, ElyA2, with the same origin and family, was characterized but in this case no activity was detected. ElyA1 presented lytic activity over a broad spectrum of strains from A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. When colistin was combined with ElyA1 an increase of the antimicrobial activity was observed with a reduced concentration of colistin, and this observation was also confirmed in vivo in Galleria mellonella larvae. The combination of colistin with new endolysins as ElyA1 could increase the bactericidal activity and lowering the MIC of the antibiotic, thus also reducing the associated toxicity.

scholarly journals Green Downstream Processing By Using Hydrothermal Extraction For Recovering Flavonoid, Phenolic And Antioxidant Activity From Moringa Oleifera Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Ghusrina Prihandini ◽  
Paqih Purnama Alam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Dried Extract ◽  
Hydrothermal Extraction

Well known as rich in phenolic compounds, Moringa oleifera mature leaf extract show significant antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo. It has been widely used at cosmetic, medicine, and functional food sector. Hydrothermal extraction, one of the green environmentally friendly method that fit to M. oleifera feedstock for recovering natural antioxidant namely flavonoid, phenolic, and antioxidant activity. Three parameters were used at this study such as sample-solvent ratio, running temperature and extraction time. Flavonoids were evaluated with 2.4 Dinitrophenyl hydrazine colorimetric, whereas phenolics were measured by tanat acid which react with Foulin ciocealteu reagent. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH. The optimum result was obtained at 15 minutes with 140 0C for total flavonoid content (TFC) 18.98 mg/g whereas 170 0C for total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity 48.73 mg tanat acid/dried extract; 44.76 mg/L respectively

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