scholarly journals Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanostructured Carbon Black: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Almeida Silva ◽  
Fernando Cruz Moraes ◽  
Bruno Campos Janegitz ◽  
Orlando Fatibello-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Enzymatic Catalysis ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
Nanostructured Material ◽  
Future Challenges

Carbon black (CB) is a nanostructured material widely used in several industrial processes. This nanomaterial features a set of remarkable properties including high surface area, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and very low cost. Several studies have explored the applicability of CB in electrochemical fields. Recent data showed that modified electrodes based on CB present fast charge transfer and high electroactive surface area, comparable to carbon nanotubes and graphene. These characteristics make CB a promising candidate for the design of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the use of CB as a template for biosensing. As will be seen, we discuss the main biosensing strategies adopted for enzymatic catalysis for several target analytes, such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and environmental contaminants. Recent applications of CB on DNA-based biosensors are also described. Finally, future challenges and trends of CB use in bioanalytical chemistry are discussed.

An Overview on Electrochemical Sensors based on Nanomaterials for Determination of Drugs of Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Amiri ◽  
Hamideh Imanzadeh ◽  
Yasaman Sefid-Sefidehkhan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Nanocomposite Films

: Drug abuse considered a serious source of economic and social problems. The sensing of drugs of abuse is of demanding in forensic and clinical toxicology. There are many various methods for determination these materials using chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. Most of these techniques needs high-cost equipment, time consuming and suffer hard sample preparations. However, electrochemical methods are easy, simple and no need for complicated sample preparations cause to more interests of their use for determinations of toxics and pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, use of nanomaterials in electrochemistry found wide attentions to improve selectivity, sensitivity and limit of detections of various compounds such as pharmaceuticals, biologicals and environmental. Nanomaterials draw interests due to their low cost and unique size-dependent properties. The settling of nanomaterials into different matrices to prepare nanocomposite films founds wide interest. The unique properties of nanomaterials like mechanical, electrical, optical, catalytic and magnetic properties in addition of their significant high surface area per mass make them popular. Besides the novel properties, nanomaterials demonstrate new approaches to fabricate low cost electrodes by minimizing the materials needed and waste. The presence of nanotechnology beside modern electrochemical techniques helps to emerge of powerful, reliable electrical devices for sensing that shows benefits like increasing mass transport rate, high surface area and good control over electrode microenvironment. The aim of this review is to give an outline for the electrochemical determination based on nanomaterials of the commonly occurring illicit drugs in a various matrices such as urine, blood and saliva, which are important for determining of drugs of abuse.

Morphology dependent adsorption of methylene blue on trititanate nanoplates and nanotubes prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of TiO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-357
Author(s):  
Graham Dawson ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Luhua Lu ◽  
Kai Dai
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Properties

The adsorption properties of two nanomorphologies of trititanate, nanotubes (TiNT) and plates (TiNP), prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of concentrated NaOH with different phases of TiO2, were examined. It was found that the capacity for both morphologies towards methylene blue (MB), an ideal pollutant, was extremely high, with the TiNP having a capacity of 130 mg/g, higher than the TiNT, whose capacity was 120 mg/g at 10 mg/L MB concentration. At capacity, the well-dispersed powders deposit on the floor of the reaction vessel. The two morphologies had very different structural and adsorption properties. TiNT with high surface area and pore volume exhibited exothermic monolayer adsorption of MB. TiNP with low surface area and pore volume yielded a higher adsorption capacity through endothermic multilayer adsorption governed by pore diffusion. TiNP exhibited a higher negative surface charge of −23 mV, compared to −12 mV for TiNT. The adsorption process appears to be an electrostatic interaction, with the cationic dye attracted more strongly to the nanoplates, resulting in a higher adsorption capacity and different adsorption modes. We believe this simple, low cost production of high capacity nanostructured adsorbent material has potential uses in wastewater treatment.

Highly active mixed-valent MnOxspheres constructed by nanocrystals as efficient catalysts for long-cycle Li–O2batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (43) ◽  
pp. 17129-17137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanpei Zhang ◽  
Zhaoyin Wen ◽  
Yang Lu ◽  
Xiangwei Wu ◽  
Jianhua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Highly Active

We demonstrate a low-cost and facile strategy to synthesize mixed-valent MnOxspheres constructed from nanocrystals (~5 nm), containing MnII, MnIII, and MnIVspecies. Such highly active mixed-valent MnOxspheres with high surface area greatly improve the performance of Li–O2batteries.

scholarly journals Superwetting and aptamer functionalized shrink-induced high surface area electrochemical sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hauke ◽  
L.S. Selva Kumar ◽  
M.Y. Kim ◽  
J. Pegan ◽  
M. Khine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area

Reduction of bis(Oxalato)Borate on a High Surface Area Carbon Electrode

2008 ◽  
Vol 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Flynn ◽  
Carl Schlaikjer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Electrolytic Properties ◽  
Extensive Exchange ◽  
Soluble Species ◽  
Wide Potential

ABSTRACTLithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) has gained widespread interest as an electrolyte salt for lithium ion batteries because of its high conductivity, low cost, thermal stability, and adequate solubility in many organic solvents [1]. Cyclic voltammetric data taken on platinum [2] and carbon [3] indicate electrochemical stability over a wide potential range.We show that bis(oxalato)borate (BOB) can be reduced at about 1.75 volts anodic to lithium, by discharging electrolytes at low current density (0.1 mA/cm2) on high surface area carbon electrodes containing a mixture of acetylene and Ketjen carbon blacks. The evidence includes discharge profiles and 11B NMR data. The behavior of discharge plateaus indicates that BOB is reduced to a soluble species with electrolytic properties, and the appearance of a broad 11B NMR peak in the electrolyte indicates that the reduced species undergoes extensive exchange.

scholarly journals Silica Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application: Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Mun ◽  
B.A. Zhaisanbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gene Delivery Vectors

Over the past few decades, nanoparticles have been attracting significant attention of researches in chemical, biomedical, pharmaceutical sciences, due to their unique physicochemical properties. This includes ultra small size, large surface area, good biocompatibility and high reactivity. In particular, nanoparticles are promising for pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, as they can be applied as drug carriers and diagnostic tools. Among nanomaterials for biomedical application, silica nanoparticles exhibit great potential due to their straightforward synthesis and separation, low cost, safety, biocompatibility and possibility to further functionalization. Silica nanoparticles have been attractive for pharmaceutical science due to their unique properties, such as tunable size, high surface area and large pore volume, and potential in biomedical application as drug and gene delivery vectors and bioimaging agents. However, some of their properties remain poorly investigated. This short communication discusses the main routes for synthesis of silica nanoparticles, their properties and opportunities for their application in pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, as well as a few challenges in the development of silica-based systems that need to be overcome.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Performance of Motive Power Lead-Acid Batteries by High Surface Area Carbon Black Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan Hu ◽  
Ning Xie ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Discharge Performance ◽  
Negative Plate ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Lead Acid

The effects of carbon black specific surface area and morphology were investigated by characterizing four different carbon black additives and then evaluating the effect of adding them to the negative electrode of valve-regulated lead–acid batteries for electric bikes. Low-temperature performance, larger current discharge performance, charge acceptance, cycle life and water loss of the batteries with carbon black were studied. The results show that the addition of high-performance carbon black to the negative plate of lead–acid batteries has an important effect on the cycle performance at 100% depth-of-discharge conditions and the cycle life is 86.9% longer than that of the control batteries. The excellent performance of the batteries can be attributed to the high surface area carbon black effectively inhibiting the sulfation of the negative plate surface and improving the charge acceptance of the batteries.

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