scholarly journals Phylogeny of Ten Kenyan Plectranthus Species in the Coleus Clade Inferred from Leaf Micromorphology, Rbcl and MatK Genes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fredrick M. Musila ◽  
Catherine W. Lukhoba ◽  
Joseph M. Nguta ◽  
Saifuddin F. Dossaji
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Species Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Micromorphological Characters

Plectranthus species are difficult to taxonomically delimit due to lack of clear-cut morphological synapomorphies. This study is aimed at bringing insights into classification of ten Plectranthus species in the Coleus clade by using leaf micromorphology and molecular data. Stomatal counts and observation of microtome leaf sections generated leaf micromorphology data, while molecular data was obtained from sequencing MatK and Rbcl genes from each species. Phylogeny based on the MatK and Rbcl gene sequences clustered four species P. caninus, P. otostegioides, P. barbatus, and P. lanuginosus together (Clusters A and D, respectively), while P. pseudomarrubioides, P. ornatus, and P. aegyptiacus were grouped together into Clusters B and E, respectively, and P. montanus and P. amboinicus were grouped together (Cluster C). A dendrogram was generated through a cluster analysis of the leaf micromorphological characters grouped together, P. caninus, P. ornatus, P. otostegioides, P. montanus, and P. pseudomarrubioides (Cluster F). The dendrogram also grouped together P. aegyptiacus, P. amboinicus, P. edulis, P. barbatus, and P. lanuginosus (Cluster G). The present study has grouped the ten studied Plectranthus species using molecular and leaf micromorphology characters into phylogenies, which are supported by previous studies, and proved that these characters can aid in plant identification and phylogenetic studies.

Comparative leaf micromorphology of Drypetes and Putranjiva (Putranjivaceae) and its taxonomic significance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akeem B Kadiri ◽  
Alexandra N Muellner-Riehl
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Doubtful Species ◽  
Epidermal Features ◽  
Micromorphological Characters

Abstract Putranjivaceae are a pantropically distributed but poorly known glucosinulate-producing family of three genera (Drypetes, Putranjiva and Sibangea), previously included in Euphorbiaceae subfamily Phyllanthoideae. Characters of the leaf epidermis were previously suggested as being of infrafamilial taxonomic relevance, but epidermal features of the three genera have not so far been compared in the light of the phylogenetic relationships recovered by molecular data. Therefore, we compared the leaf micromorphology of 44 (out of c. 200) Drypetes spp. and two (out of three) Putranjiva spp. using light microscopy. Our findings revealed that there are more stomata types than previously reported in both genera. We also present a new record of stomatal complexes and epidermal cell characteristics. The cell wall ornamentation character on both surfaces of the epidermis is useful for distinguishing D. aframensis subsp. aframensis. Based on a combination of the studied characters, doubtful species of Drypetes and Putranjiva are recognizable as belonging to the two genera, and this will require taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments. Other taxonomically useful characters are trichome distribution and types and leaf areole shape and tertiary veins branching patterns that appear to be relatively constant across the two genera. Oil droplets located within the cell lumen in Putranjiva differentiates it from Drypetes, where they inwardly streak the epidermal walls among other features. Thus, our study provides evidence that the investigated leaf micromorphological characters are useful for distinguishing the species of the two genera, and they corroborate the existing infrageneric classification of Drypetes that was based on exomorphology.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic studies of eucalypts: fossils, morphology and genomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Insight Into

The eucalypt group includes seven genera: Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Eucalyptopsis, Stockwellia, Allosyncarpia and Arillastrum. Knowledge of eucalypt phylogeny underpins classification of the group, and facilitates understanding of their ecology, conservation and economic use, as well as providing insight into the history of Australia’s flora. Studies of fossils and phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data have made substantial contributions to understanding of eucalypt relationships and biogeography, but relationships among some genera are still uncertain, and there is controversy about generic circumscription of the bloodwood eucalypts (genus Corymbia). Relationships at lower taxonomic levels, e.g. among sections and series of Eucalyptus, are also not well resolved. Recent advances in DNA sequencing methods offer the ability to obtain large genomic datasets that will enable improved understanding of eucalypt evolution.

scholarly journals Assessing Genetic Variability of Pelargonium Species Using PCR-based TRAP Markers

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 812D-812
Author(s):  
Wai-Foong Hong ◽  
Chang-Qing Bai ◽  
Michael Broe ◽  
Jinguo Hu ◽  
Charles Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Highly Correlated

Pelargonium is one of the important flower crops in USA. It is a priority genus for conservation at the USDA Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center (OPGC). It belongs to Geraniaceae family and comprises of about 280 species. To understand the genetic variation of the Pelargonium collection at OPGC, the PCR-based TRAP (target region amplified polymorphism) marker system which was newly developed in sunflower was used in this study. Twelve sets of primers were used to fingerprint 46 accessions representing 21 commercial P. hortorum, 17 scented geraniums and 8 other unidentified Pelargonium taxa. About 150 DNA bands could be detected in each primer and accession combination. Cluster analysis showed that molecular data was highly correlated with the phenotypes. Cultivars with similar morphological traits were clustered together. These results demonstrated that the TRAP system is a useful technique for the characterization and classification of Pelargonium collections.

scholarly journals Classification of the Leguminosae-Papilionoideae: A Numerical Re-assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel EL-GAZZAR ◽  
Monier EL-GHANI ◽  
Nahed EL-HUSSEINI ◽  
Adel KHATTAB
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Lower Rank ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies

The subdivision of the Leguminosae-Papilionoideae into taxa of lower rank was subject for major discrepancies between traditional classifications while more recent phylogenetic studies provided no decisive answer to this problem. As a contribution towards resolving this situation, 81 morphological characters were recorded comparatively for 226 species and infra-specific taxa belonging to 75 genera representing 21 of the 32 tribes currently recognized in this subfamily. The data matrix was subjected to cluster analysis using the Sørensen distance measure and Ward’s clustering method of the PC-ord version-5 package of programs for Windows. This combination was selected from among the 56 combinations available in this package because it produced the taxonomically most feasible arrangement of the genera and species. The 75 genera are divided into two main groups A and B, whose recognition requires little more than the re-alignment of a few genera to resemble tribes 1-18 (Sophoreae to Hedysareae) and tribes 19-32 (Loteae to Genisteae), respectively, in the currently accepted classification. Only six of the 21 tribes represented by two or more genera seem sufficiently robust as the genera representing each of them hold together in only one of the two major groups A and B. Of the 29 genera represented by more than one species each 17, 7 and 5 are taxonomically coherent, nearly coherent and incoherent, respectively. The currently accepted circumscription and inter-relationships among the disrupted tribes and genera are in need of much detailed investigation.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the stink bug tribe Chlorocorini (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) based on DNA and morphological data: the evolution of key phenotypic traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno C. Genevcius ◽  
Caroline Greve ◽  
Samantha Koehler ◽  
Rebecca B. Simmons ◽  
David A. Rider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACTPentatomidae is the third largest family of true bugs, comprising over 40 tribes. Few tribes have been studied in a phylogenetic context, and none of them have been examined using molecular data. Moreover, little is known about the evolution of key morphological characters widely used in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies at multiple levels. Here, we conduct a phylogenetic study of the tribe Chlorocorini (Pentatominae) combining 69 morphological characters and five DNA loci. We use the inferred phylogeny to reconstruct the evolution of key morphological characters such as the spined humeral angles of the pronotum, a dorsal projection on the apices of the femora and characters of male genitalia. We provide solid evidence that the tribe as currently recognized is not monophyletic based both on DNA and morphological data. The genera Arvelius Spinola and Eludocoris Thomas were consistently placed outside of the Chlorocorini, while the remaining genera were found to form a monophyletic group. We also show that nearly all morphological diagnostic characters for the tribe are homoplastic. The only exception is the development of the hypandrium, which, contrary to expectations for genital traits, showed the slowest evolutionary rates. In contrast, the most rapidly evolving trait is the length of the ostiolar ruga, which may be attributed to selection favoring anti-predatory behavior and other functions of its associated scent glands. Lastly, we also provide a preliminary glimpse of the main phylogenetic relationships within the Pentatomidae, which indicates that most of the included subfamilies and tribes are not monophyletic. Our results suggest that the current subfamily-level classification of Pentatomidae is not adequate to reflect its evolutionary history, and we urge for a more complete phylogeny of the family.

scholarly journals New Data, Old Story: Molecular Data Illuminate the Tribal Relationships among Rove Beetles of the Subfamily Staphylininae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Tihelka ◽  
Margaret K. Thayer ◽  
Alfred F. Newton ◽  
Chenyang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Tree Inference ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
Inference Methods

The megadiverse subfamily Staphylininae traditionally belonged to the best-defined rove beetle taxa, but the advent of molecular phylogenetics in the last decade has brought turbulent changes to the group’s classification. Here, we reevaluate the internal relationships among the tribes of Staphylininae by implementing tree inference methods that suppress common sources of systematic error. In congruence with morphological data, and in contrast to some previous phylogenetic studies, we unambiguously recover Staphylininae and Paederinae as monophyletic in the traditional sense. We show that the recently proposed subfamily Platyprosopinae (Arrowinus and Platyprosopus) is a phylogenetic artefact and reinstate Arrowinus as a member of Arrowinini stat. res. and Platyprosopus as a member of Platyprosopini stat. res. We show that several recent changes to the internal classification of the subfamily are phylogenetically unjustified and systematically unnecessary. We, therefore, reestablish Platyprosopini, Staphylinini, and Xantholinini as tribes within Staphylininae (all stat. res.) and recognize Coomaniini as a tribe (stat. nov.) rather than subfamily. Consequently, the traditional ranks of the subtribes Acylophorina, Afroquediina, Amblyopinina, Antimerina, †Baltognathina, Cyrtoquediina, Erichsoniina, Hyptiomina, Indoquediina, Quediina, and Tanygnathinina are restored (all stat. res.). We review the current classification of Staphylininae and discuss sources of incongruence in multigene phylogenies.

Neurophysiologic classification of Wilson's disease by using cluster analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hermann ◽  
T Villmann ◽  
HJ Kühn ◽  
P Baum ◽  
G Reichel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Wilson's Disease

Classification of Observations through Combination of the Dimension Reduction and the Cluster Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Hyeuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Partitioning Around Medoids ◽  
Different Characteristics

Unsupervised learning in machine learning divides data into several groups. The observations in the same group have similar characteristics and the observations in the different groups have the different characteristics. In the paper, we classify data by partitioning around medoids which have some advantages over the k-means clustering. We apply it to baseball players in Korea Baseball League. We also apply the principal component analysis to data and draw the graph using two components for axis. We interpret the meaning of the clustering graphically through the procedure. The combination of the partitioning around medoids and the principal component analysis can be used to any other data and the approach makes us to figure out the characteristics easily.

A Classification of 148 U.S. Maize Inbreds: II. Validation of Cluster Analysis Based on RFLPs

Crop Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Hogan Mumm ◽  
Lawrence J. Hubert ◽  
J. W. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Maize Inbreds

Using clusterization principles for the selection of repair sections of main oil pipelines based on diagnostic data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
R.M. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Classification Of Images ◽  
Main Oil Pipeline ◽  
Selection Of

The problem of determining the repair sections of the main oil pipeline is solved, basing on the classification of images using distance functions and the clustering principle, The criteria characterizing the cluster are determined by certain given values, based on a comparison with which the defect is assigned to a given cluster, procedures for the redistribution of defects in cluster zones are provided, and the cluster zones parameters are being changed. Calculations are demonstrating the range of defect density variation depending on pipeline sections and the universal capabilities of linear objects configuration with arbitrary density, provided by cluster analysis.

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