scholarly journals Balancing African Elephant Conservation with Human Well-Being in Rombo Area, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naza Emmanuel Mmbaga ◽  
Linus Kasian Munishi ◽  
Anna Christina Treydte
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face

The critical assessment of the nature and extent of human-elephant conflict (HEC) and its impact on conservation efforts are essential if we are to meet the challenges related to extinction of local population, as well as loss biodiversity. Conservationists need detailed information on HEC in areas where these challenges prevail to improve intervention in the face of limited funds/resources. We assessed the status of HEC at Rombo area over the last six years. Data based on household surveys, focus group discussions, spatiotemporal analysis of site observations, and reported incidents of damage within the last six years were mapped. Out of all HEC cases analyzed, the most were crop damage which took place at night and the damage was severe between May and July, when cereal crops were mature. In upland areas of Rombo, HEC hotspots were observed inside the protected forest plantation where local people cultivated their annual crops. Cold spots concentrated in upland areas outside the protected forest plantation dominated by settlement and agroforestry less preferred by elephants. In lowland areas, HEC hotspots were observed in village lands close to the PAs, within settlement and farmland dominated by seasonal crops. This suggests that HEC management efforts such as establishment of buffer zones should be directed around the areas adjacent to PAs and prevention should focus on cultivation of the alternative crops and farming systems that are less preferred by elephants. Our study highlights the importance of using a combination of data collection techniques to pinpoint fine-scale HEC hotspots in a highly conflict-prone location of Tanzania.

Social Comparison, Judgment, and Behavior

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Behavior

This edited volume presents both classic and contemporary conceptual, empirical, and applied perspectives on the role of comparisons with other people—a core aspect of social life—that have implications for the self-concept, opinions, subjective and physical well-being, conformity, decision-making, group behavior, education, and social movements. The volume is comprised of original chapters, authored by noted experts, divided into three sections: basic comparison processes, neighboring fields, and applications. The first section is comprised of chapters that update classic theories and present advances, such as the dominating effect of local versus global comparisons, an analysis of the psychology of competition, how comparisons across different domains influence self-concept and achievement, and the integral connections between stereotyping and comparison. The second section introduces perspectives from neighboring fields that shed new light on social comparison. These chapters range from judgment and decision science, cognitive psychology, social network theory, and animal social behavior. The third section presents chapters that describe applications of comparison, including relative deprivation; health psychology; the effects of income inequality on well-being; the relationships among social hierarchies, power, and comparison; and the interconnections of psychological processes such as comparison and differential construal that favor the status quo and can discourage social action in the face of injustice and inequity.

Results of Russian Occupation and Economic Crisis in Georgia's Conflict Areas in the Case of Abkhazia

2022 ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Bondo Nikoloz Gasviani ◽  
Tinatin Zhorzholiani ◽  
Teimuraz Shengelia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Status

The present study analyzes the historical background of the formation of the Abkhazian economy and geographical-resource potential and the economic situation of Abkhazia before and after the Russian-Georgian war of 1991-1992. Special attention was paid to the recognition of the international status of the Republic of Abkhazia by the Russian Federation, in gross violation of international norms, the results of which did not have a significant positive impact on the economic or social well-being of the local population. However, it confirmed Russia's imperialist intentions concerning occupation of Georgian territory with the status of “peacemaker” in 1992-1993 and the fact of misleading the international community. In the chapter, the criminal nature of the economy of occupied Abkhazia is substantiated. Also, the chapter analyzes the mechanisms/levers of economic pressure management in the Russian-occupied territory and its negative consequences for the population living in the area.

scholarly journals Calculation and internal validation of a new synthetic and autocorrelate index to combine the determinants of health of a population

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Tebala ◽  
Giovanni Domenico Tebala
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The status of health of an individual and - more broadly - of a community or population is defined by the status of their determinants of health. A “systemic” approach to define the health determinants is necessary in order to explore the complex relations existing among them. This study is aimed at identifying a ‘composite systemic’ index of health to measure the impact of socioeconomic factors on public health at local level and to analyze possible spatial autocorrelations between neighboring regions. Results A Composite Index of Health (CIH) was constructed on the basis of known indicators of socio-economic well-being by using the COMIC (COMposite Indices Creator) Software and was validated on the Italian population and a nationwide comparison has been performed. Analysis of the determinants showed a significant direct correlation between health, environment, work and wealth and inverse correlation between health and social distress. The analysis of data from Italian provinces confirmed the South-North gradient of well-being. Conclusion The CIH is a reliable and robust index to evaluate the health of a local population. Although it was validated on Italian data, the index can be easily adapted to any Country.

scholarly journals Alla ricerca della distanza perduta. Rigenerare luoghi, persone e immaginari del riabitare alpino

ARCHALP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (N. 4 / 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Barbera ◽  
Andrea Membretti
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Political Responsibility ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Life Plans ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
Change Of Perspective ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ways Of Being

Living in a territory means being able to take on the “functioning of citizenship” related to moving, feeding, saving, buying, participating, taking care, thinking over time, investing in life plans, assuming social and political responsibility. Living in a territory is the way in which rights related to the status of “resident” become ways of “being or doing” that constitute the well-being of people as citizens. Citizenship is a daily opportunity dependent on the characteristics of the contexts. Irreducibly other than the romantic imaginaries who wanted it isolated, remote, physically separated from the modern world of cities and social change, in the last seven centuries the Alpine mountain has built a complex civilization around the multidimensional axis of the “right distance”. A “right distance” that today, in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, can be an antidote to the disorganized and individual escape of wealthy classes who can afford it, where to re-inhabit the marginalized places becomes instead the result of a political inversion of the gaze, of a radical and collective change of perspective..

scholarly journals Enforcement of Women's Rights through Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5397-5402
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Fundamental Freedom ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Basic Rights ◽  
The Status ◽  
Comprehensive Treatise ◽  
The Face

The experiences of successive world wars brought the Universal Declaration, bringing an adherence of acceptance from all the countries which proved to be a comprehensive treatise of inviolable and in alienated human rights. It bestows civil and political rights including right to life, liberty, free speech and privacy. In addition it includes economic, social, cultural rights being right to social security, health and education. These entitled basic rights and fundamental freedom that helps in promoting peace and progress by preventing atrocities against humanity. Widening its domain, today human rights have befitted essential in achieving development goals which enables a constant improvement of well being of inhabitants of the world. The paper aims at drawing a similarity in the case study of an autobiography of 19th century (Amar Jibon by Rassundari Devi) and an autobiography of 21st century (I Am Malala by Malala Yousafzai), one being the earliest of women autobiographies and the other being most horrific and recent one. Both the characters establish an indistinguishable coherence between development and acquisition of basic rights for women. Malala recognized as a human rights champion, continued to speak out portraying the indomitable courage even on the face of religious and military activists. Rassundari Devi silenced under patriarchal norms and a life burdened with duty and responsibilities which eventually made her acquire a greater strength to become a lettered woman. The paper presents striking similarity in the status of women from two different time zones who fought for their rights and carved a niche for themselves as liberated women. They emerged successful in terms of their courage and determination by seeking live of equality and freedom.

Calculation and Validation of a New Synthetic and Autocorrelate Index to Measure the Health Status of a Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Tebala ◽  
Giovanni Domenico Tebala
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The status of health of an individual and - more broadly - of a community or population is defined by the status of their determinants of health. A “systemic” approach to define the health determinants is necessary in order to explore the complex relations existing among them. This study is aimed at identifying a ‘composite systemic’ index of health to measure the impact of socioeconomic factors on public health at local level and to analyze possible spatial autocorrelations between neighboring regions. Methods A Composite Index of Health (CIH) was constructed on the basis of known indicators of socio-economic well being by using the COMIC (COMposite Indices Creator) Software and was validated on the Italian population and a nationwide comparison has been performed. Results Analysis of the determinants showed a significant direct correlation between health, environment, work and wealth and inverse correlation between health and social distress. The analysis of data from Italian provinces confirmed the South-North gradient of well-being. Conclusions The CIH is a reliable and robust index to evaluate the health of a local population. Although it was validated on Italian data, the index can be easily adapted to any Country.

scholarly journals Use of conditional cash transfers for addressing gender-based inequalities in health and education among children: studying the impact of the Shubh Laxmi scheme in Rajasthan, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
RAJNISH RANJAN PRASAD ◽  
DIVYA SANTHANAM
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last few decades, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have become very popular for addressing different development challenges. The use of CCT programmes to promote enrolment in schools, improve preventive health care and increase household consumption in Latin America has been well documented. However, the potential of CCT programmes to change more deep-rooted norms is not very clear. The Shubh Laxmi scheme, a CCT programme, was started by the Government of Rajasthan, India, to improve the status of health and education among girls. A study was undertaken to understand the changes in beneficiaries’ perspectives due to scheme. A total of 95 beneficiaries were randomly selected and in-depth interviews were conducted in order to understand the impact of the scheme. In addition, two focus group discussions were conducted with 30 non-beneficiaries in order to understand their awareness about the scheme and their perceptions of girls. The findings show that the CCT programme has helped in generating a positive attitude among beneficiaries towards the survival, education and well-being of girls. The key challenge was low awareness of the scheme and of the procedures for claiming its benefits. This study highlights that CCT programmes are useful for nudging people to address gender-based inequalities in health and education among children; however, effective implementation remains key.

Pathways ahead for New Zealand hill country farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Hill

This paper provides a stocktake of the status of hill country farming in New Zealand and addresses the challenges which will determine its future state and performance. It arises out of the Hill Country Symposium, held in Rotorua, New Zealand, 12-13 April 2016. This paper surveys people, policy, business and change, farming systems for hill country, soil nutrients and the environment, plants for hill country, animals, animal feeding and productivity, and strategies for achieving sustainable outcomes in the hill country. This paper concludes by identifying approaches to: support current and future hill country farmers and service providers, to effectively and efficiently deal with change; link hill farming businesses to effective value chains and new markets to achieve sufficient and stable profitability; reward farmers for the careful management of natural resources on their farm; ensure that new technologies which improve the efficient use of input resources are developed; and strategies to achieve vibrant rural communities which strengthen hill country farming businesses and their service providers. Keywords: farming systems, hill country, people, policy, productivity, profitability, sustainability

ВІД ЮНОСТІ ДО МОЛОДОСТІ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЕПІГЕНЕТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ В СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОМУ АНАЛІЗІ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Олена Злобіна
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Identity Statuses ◽  
The Status ◽  
Empirical Material

Статтю    присвячено    аналізу    можливостей    застосування    міждисциплінарного    підходу    в  дослідженнях трансформацій конструкту ідентичності. Виокремлено обмеженості дослідження стадій  циплінарних  підходах.  Запропоновано  застосувати  стадійний  підхід  в  аналізі  вікової  групи  «молодь»  з  метою верифікації положення про її диференціацію на різні вікові підгрупи, які відрізняються статусами  ідентичності. Теоретичним підґрунтям дослідження є теорія психогенетичного розвитку особистості Е.  Еріксона та статусна динамічна модель розвитку ідентичності Дж. Марсіа. Емпіричну основу склали  матеріали аналізу 14 фокус-групових дискусій, проведених у молодіжних аудиторіях: 7 груп з молоддю у віці  18-21  рік  і  7  з  молоддю  у  віці  26-30  років.  Підтверджено  внутрішню  диференціацію    вікової  стадії  «молодість». Показано, що динаміка психогенезу на цій стадії характеризується домінуванням дифузного  статусу у молодшої групи та статусу досягненості у старшої.  Інші статуси зустрічаються значно  рідше.   Наявний   емпіричний   матеріал   не   дає   можливості   простежити   чинники,   які   зумовлюють  зафіксовані відмінності, проте отримані в ході дослідження типові портрети зазначених груп  дозволяють   розвинути міждисциплінарний підхід до проблеми персоногенезу та застосувати його можливості для  вироблення стратегії дослідження «процесу переходу» від стадії до стадії The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of using the interdisciplinary approach in studies of transformations of the construct of identity. The limitations of studies of stages of development in monodisciplinary approaches are singled out. It is suggested to apply the step-by-step approach in the analysis of the age group "youth" in order to verify the position on its differentiation into different age subgroups that differ in identity statuses. The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of psychogenetic development of the personality of E. Erickson and the status dynamic model of identity development of J. Marcia. Empirical basis was made by the analysis materials 14 focus group discussions held in youth audiences: 7 groups with youth aged 18-21 and 7 with young people aged 26-30. The internal differentiation of the age stage "youth" has been confirmed. It is shown that the dynamics of psychogenesis at this stage is characterized by the dominance of diffuse status in the younger group and the status of attainment in the older group. Other statuses are much less common. The existing empirical material does not provide an opportunity to trace the factors that cause the observed differences, but the typical portraits of these groups obtained in the course of the research allow developing an interdisciplinary approach to the problem of personogenesis and applying its possibilities for developing a strategy for studying the "transition process" from stage to stage.

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