scholarly journals Serology of Viral Infections and Tuberculosis Screening in an IBD Population Referred to a Tertiary Centre of Southern Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ardesia ◽  
Giuseppe Costantino ◽  
Placido Mondello ◽  
Angela Alibrandi ◽  
Walter Fries
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Screening Programs

Background. With the introduction of more potent immunosuppressive agents in inflammatory bowel disease, prevention of opportunistic infections has become necessary by introducing screening programs. Prevalence of the most important infectious agents may vary in different geographical areas. The aim of our study was to assess the immune status for hepatitis B, varicella, mononucleosis, and cytomegalovirus infection together with the determination of the hepatitis C and tuberculosis status in Southern Italy. Methods. Prevalence of latent tuberculosis, together with serology of hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster, and cytomegalovirus were collected by analysing retrospectively the clinical charts of IBD patients. Data were integrated with demographic and clinical features. Results. Data from 509 IBD patients divided in two age groups showed a prevalence of HBV infection in nonvaccinated patients of 9%. Seroprotection (HBsAb) in vaccinated IBD patients was lower (p<0.0001) compared with that in controls. Prevalences of herpesvirus infections fluctuate between 51% (CMV) and 85% (EBV) and 84% (VZV) in younger patients. Latent tuberculosis and hepatitis C infection were found only in patients > 37 years of age. Conclusions. In younger patients, high susceptibility rates for primary herpesvirus infections should determine the choice of treatment. Loss of HBV seroprotection in already vaccinated patients should be considered for booster vaccination programs.

scholarly journals High prevalence of latent tuberculosis and bloodborne virus infection in a homeless population

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Aldridge ◽  
Andrew C Hayward ◽  
Sara Hemming ◽  
Susan K Yates ◽  
Gloria Ferenando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence

IntroductionUrban homeless populations in the UK have been shown to have high rates of active tuberculosis, but less is known about the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LTBI among individuals using homeless hostels in London.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey with outcome follow-up in homeless hostels in London. Our primary outcome was prevalence of LTBI. Recruitment for the study took place between May 2011 and June 2013. To estimate an LTBI prevalence of 10% with 95% CIs between 8% and 13%, we required 500 participants.Results491/804 (61.1%) individuals agreed to be screened. The prevalence of LTBI was 16.5% (81/491; 95% CI 13.2 to 19.8). In UK-born individuals, a history of incarceration was associated with increased risk of LTBI (OR 3.49; 95% CI 1.10 to 11.04; P=0.018) after adjusting for age, length of time spent homeless and illicit drug use. Of the three subjects who met English treatment guidelines for LTBI at the time of the study, none engaged with services after referral for treatment. Prevalence of past hepatitis B infection was 10.4% (51/489; 95% CI 7.7 to 13.1), and 59.5% (291/489; 95% CI 55.1 to 63.9) of individuals were non-immune. Prevalence of current hepatitis C infection was 10.4% (51/489; 95% CI 7.8 to 13.1).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the high prevalence of LTBI in homeless people in London and the associated poor engagement with care. There is a large unmet need for LTBI and hepatitis C infection treatment, and hepatitis B vaccination, in this group.

Historical study of acute hepatitis B in subjects with or without hepatitis C infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. e146-e149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Stroffolini ◽  
Maria Rapicetta ◽  
Flavia Lombardo ◽  
Paola Chionne ◽  
Elisabetta Madonna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

scholarly journals Zero prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections in clinicopathologically proven lichen planus cases: a cross sectional study at a tertiary care centre in south India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekshmi Sajini ◽  
Gopikrishnan Anjaneyan ◽  
Soumya Jagadeesan ◽  
Vinitha Varghese Panicker ◽  
Sreedevan V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
The World

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Lichen planus (LP) is a common chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Several editorials, chapters, studies have suggested an association between hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus (to a lesser extent) in LP. This association was not seen in various parts of the world including India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients attending the dermatology outpatient department with lichen planus confirmed by histopathologic examination were included in the study and along with clinic-epidemiological data, all the patients were tested for hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 84 patients of clinico-pathologically proven lichen planus were included in the study out of which 31 were males and 53 were females. The most common age group of lichen planus in our study group was 40-50 years. Major histopathological findings were basal cell degeneration (92.7%), hyperkeratosis (89%), pigment incontinence (73%) and lymphohistiocytic infiltration (70%). All patients in this study group tested negative for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Although numerous studies around the world have suggested an association between HCV and HBV infections with lichen planus- multiple subsequent studies including the present study shows contrasting results especially in this part of the world. The authors believe routine screening of lichen planus patients for presence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection is not warranted, particularly in Indian population. </p>

scholarly journals A hepatitis C-vírus-fertőzés és kezelésének költségvonzata

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (21) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Makara ◽  
Béla Hunyady
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
National Level ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Life Years

The worldwide prevalence of hepatitis C infection is 2–3%. In addition to its individual consequences, it generates huge financial impact on national level. In particular, lack of recognition or late diagnosis of the disease is associated with high rate of liver cirrhosis related complications (hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatocellular carcinoma) and/or demands liver transplantation. Loss of quality assisted life years and/or those spent in employment, reduced work productivity, as well as costs of antiviral therapy also contribute to the financial burden. The costs of new interferon-free therapies may exceed the prices of previous pegylated interferon based therapies with or without protease inhibitors; however, shorter treatment durations and extremely low rates of severe side-effects with much less related expenses can reduce total costs of these treatments. In addition to the moral obligations, published cost-effectiveness analyses conclude that early diagnosis and treatment of this primarily iatrogenic infection through organized screening programs and wide access to effective therapies may lead to long term financial benefit. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(21), 862–868.

scholarly journals Workshop: Screening infectious diseases amongst migrants in Europe: The diversity of policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
European Guidelines

Abstract In Europe, the prevalence of several infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and tuberculosis is higher amongst migrants. Late diagnosis of HIV, hepatitis B and C is a health issue that thwarts prevention efforts. Early diagnosis has obvious benefits, both for the individuals (i.e. earlier access to care with a better life expectancy) and for the community. As regard for HIV, treated patients with an undetectable viral load do not transmit the virus. This is in line with the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target that in every country 90% of people living with HIV should be aware of their positive status, 90% of them should be treated with antiretroviral and within 90% should have an undetectable viral load. Widespread testing of HIV, HBV and HCV is recommended by European guidelines, such those from European Centre for disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The ECDC recommends that screening for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and tuberculosis should be offered to every migrant from countries with a high prevalence (≥1% for HIV and ≥2% for hepatitis B and C). Other recommendations include ensuring that screening and vaccination is voluntary and confidential, that migrants have a quick access to care, addressing barriers to screening, and taking into account the particular issues and needs of migrants. However, European countries have developed diverse guidelines and initiatives to address the issue of screening infectious diseases amongst migrants. The objective of this workshop is to present several European initiatives to improve the screening of infectious diseases amongst migrants. Four initiatives will be presented and discussed: screening of active tuberculosis amongst asylum seekers with the use of a questionnaire in Switzerland; replacing the systematic chest X-ray with a screening questionnaire for active tuberculosis and introducing rapid tests for HIV, HBV and HCV for all legal migrants at entry point in France, adding HIV, HBV and HCV testing to the compulsory targeted tuberculosis test in the Netherlands and offering targeted tests for latent tuberculosis, HBV and HCV to migrants registering for primary care in the UK. Key messages Screening of infectious diseases should be targeted to migrants from high-incidence countries. European practices should be harmonized.

Maternal hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection and neonatal neurological outcomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. e144-e153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Salemi ◽  
V. E. Whiteman ◽  
E. M. August ◽  
K. Chandler ◽  
A. K. Mbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Neurological Outcomes

Causes of death after diagnosis of hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection: a large community-based linkage study

The Lancet ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 368 (9539) ◽  
pp. 938-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaki Amin ◽  
Matthew G Law ◽  
Mark Bartlett ◽  
John M Kaldor ◽  
Gregory J Dore
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Large Community
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