scholarly journals The Use of Xanthan Gum as Vaccine Adjuvant: An Evaluation of Immunostimulatory Potential in BALB/c Mice and Cytotoxicity In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Andrade Schuch ◽  
Thaís Larré Oliveira ◽  
Thaís Farias Collares ◽  
Leonardo Garcia Monte ◽  
Guilherme Roig Inda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvant ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Effects ◽  
Nih 3T3

The successful production of new, safe, and effective vaccines that generate immunological memory is directly related to adjuvant feature, which is responsible for increasing and/or modulating the immune response. Several compounds display adjuvant activity, including carbohydrates. These compounds play important roles in the immune response, as well as having biocompatible properties in vaccine formulations. One such carbohydrate is xanthan gum, a polysaccharide that is produced by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas spp., which has adjuvant attributes. This study evaluated the immune response induced by xanthan gum associated with ovalbumin in BALB/c mice, which were subcutaneously immunized, in terms of antibody production (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3), and assessed the levels of IFN-γ in the splenocyte culture using indirect ELISA. Furthermore, we investigated in vitro cytotoxicity of xanthan in the embryo fibroblasts cell line of the NIH/3T3 mouse by MTT assay and propidium iodide uptake assay. The mice immunized with ovalbumin plus xanthan gum exhibited higher antibody IgG1 responses than control groups. Furthermore, the xanthan polysaccharide was capable of increasing the immunogenicity of antigens by producing IFN-γ and did not exhibit cytotoxicity effects in NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, considered a promising candidate for vaccine adjuvant.

scholarly journals Experimental in vitro Comparative Study of Chromovitectomy Agents Cyto- and Phototoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480
Author(s):  
N. M. Kislitsyna ◽  
S. V. Novikov ◽  
N. V. Perova ◽  
S. V. Kolesnik ◽  
A. I. Kolesnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Profile ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Test Plate ◽  
Mouse Fibroblasts ◽  
Nih 3T3

Intravitreal use of vital dyes in combination with the action of endoillumination can induce a cyto- and phototoxic effect on posterior eye segment structures. The search for a staining agent with a maximum safety profile to retinal structures, intensively and selectively coloring vitreous body and vitreoretinal interface structure, remains relevant.Objective: to determine comparative viability of NIH / 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell culture with traditional agents for chromovitrectomy and “Vitreocontrast” suspension with and without endovitreal illumination.Materials and methods. NIH / 3T3 mouse fibroblast cultures contacted with agents for chromovitrectomy (MembraneBlue® Dual, Triamcinolone acetonide, “Vitreocontrast” suspension) and the corresponding controls in a volume of 50 μl / well. The test plate was irradiated with a Photon II illuminator (Synergetics, USA), working distance of 5 mm. The control tablet with the introduced preparations was not exposed to light. Next, the cells were washed and incubated, after which the morphology and lysis of the cells, as well as the number of proliferating relatively negative control of fibroblasts, were evaluated using the vital dye PrestoBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Negative control was the complete growth medium for the cultivation of mouse fibroblasts of the NIH / 3T3 line. The results of the cytotoxic reaction of a culture of mouse fibroblasts of the NIH / 3T3 line were interpreted using the table “The degree of cell response”.Results. Studies have shown that exposure to a source of endovitual illumination does not affect the cytotoxic effect of TA suspension and MembraneBlue® Dual dye. The TA suspension, both after light source and without it, has a moderate cytotoxic effect, and MembraneBlue® Dual has no cytotoxic effect on the culture of mouse fibroblasts of the NIH / 3T3 strain. Without light, “Vitreocontrast” suspension does not have cytotoxic effect on mouse fibroblasts culture NIH / 3T3 line. Light irradiation for 1 h increases the cytotoxicity of “Vitreocontrast” suspension to the level of unsharp cytotoxicity allowed by ISO Standard 10993-5-2011.Conclusion. The safety profile of MembraneBlue® Dual and “Vitreocontrast” suspension allows them to be recommended for use in endovitreal surgery. The cyto- and phototoxicity demonstrated in the experiment with TA suspension can reduce the functional outcomes of retinal surgery. 

scholarly journals Enhancing immunomodulation on innate immunity by shape transition among RNA triangle, square and pentagon nanovehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 9996-10004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil F. Khisamutdinov ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Daniel L. Jasinski ◽  
Jiao Chen ◽  
Jian Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvant ◽  
Shape Transition ◽  
Immune Disease ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immunomodulation Effect

Abstract Modulation of immune response is important in cancer immunotherapy, vaccine adjuvant development and inflammatory or immune disease therapy. Here we report the development of new immunomodulators via control of shape transition among RNA triangle, square and pentagon. Changing one RNA strand in polygons automatically induced the stretching of the interior angle from 60° to 90° or 108°, resulting in self-assembly of elegant RNA triangles, squares and pentagons. When immunological adjuvants were incorporated, their immunomodulation effect for cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 induction was greatly enhanced in vitro and in animals up to 100-fold, while RNA polygon controls induced unnoticeable effect. The RNA nanoparticles were delivered to macrophages specifically. The degree of immunostimulation greatly depended on the size, shape and number of the payload per nanoparticles. Stronger immune response was observed when the number of adjuvants per polygon was increased, demonstrating the advantage of shape transition from triangle to pentagon.

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Oxytetracycline Loaded Cockle Shell Derived Calcium Carbonate Aragonite Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherifat Banke Idris ◽  
Abdul Kadir Arifah ◽  
Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse ◽  
Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Basit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Nih3t3 Cells ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Culture Models

Background: Evaluation of the toxic effects of nanoparticle-drug in vitro is an important step in the design of new pharmaceutical formulations. Rapid results, reduced cost and easy handling makes cell culture models first line in initial toxicological assessment of nanodrug preparations. Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of oxytetracycline loaded calcium carbonate aragonite nanoparticle in normal mouse fibroblast (NIH3T3) cell line. Method: NIH3T3 cells were exposed to varying concentrations (6.25 - 100µg/mL) of calcium carbonate aragonite nanoparticle (CS-CaCO3NP), oxytetracycline loaded calcium carbonate aragonite nanoparticle (OTC-CS-CaCO3NP) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in 96 well plates for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was determined by MTT and trypan blue assays. Result: Both assays show that CS-CaCO3NP and OTC-CS-CaCO3NP had higher cell viability values compared to OTC. Conclusion: Encapsulating OTC into CS-CaCO3NP reduced its cytotoxicity to NIH3T3 cells using both MTT and trypan blue assay.

Increased cell proliferation of mouse fibroblast NIH-3T3 in vitro induced by excretory/secretory product(s) from Opisthorchis viverrini

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. THUWAJIT ◽  
P. THUWAJIT ◽  
S. KAEWKES ◽  
B. SRIPA ◽  
K. UCHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Nih 3T3

scholarly journals Nanotechnology Innovations to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Quercetin

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Rúben G. R. Pinheiro ◽  
Marina Pinheiro ◽  
Ana Rute Neves
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cytotoxicity Effects ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Quercetin is a flavonol present in many vegetables and fruits. Generally, quercetin can be found in aglycone and glycoside forms, mainly in leaves. The absorption of this compound occurs in the large and small intestine, where it suffers glucuronidation, sulfidation, and methylation to improve hydrophilicity. After metabolization, which occurs mainly in the gut, it is distributed throughout the whole organism and is excreted by feces, urine, and exhalation of carbon dioxide. Despite its in vitro cytotoxicity effects, in vivo studies with animal models ensure its safety. This compound can protect against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative diseases due to its radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its poor bioavailability dampens the potential beneficial effects of this flavonoid. In that sense, many types of nanocarriers have been developed to improve quercetin solubility, as well as to design tissue-specific delivery systems. All these studies manage to improve the bioavailability of quercetin, allowing it to increase its concentration in the desired places. Collectively, quercetin can become a promising compound if nanotechnology is employed as a tool to enhance its therapeutic efficacy.

scholarly journals β-11-Keto-boswellic acid derived amides: synthesis and cytotoxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Kancana Wolfram ◽  
Anja Barthel-Niesen ◽  
Renate Schäfer ◽  
Lucie Heller ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Boswellic Acid ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Mouse Fibroblasts ◽  
Sulforhodamine B ◽  
Nih 3T3

The aim of this study was to prepare 11-keto-β-boswellic acid derivatives modified at C-24 and to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) was isolated from frankincense and transformed into 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA). Both compounds served as starting materials for the synthesis of several amides or hydrazides. The derivatives were fully characterized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays employing two human tumor cell lines (A2780 and MCF7) as well as nonmalignant mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). Nearly all of the compounds were more cytotoxic than their parent compounds. The highest cytotoxicity was observed for (3 α, 4 β) 3-acetyloxy-N-(3- aminopropyl)-11-oxo-urs-12-en-24-amide (15) and (3 α, 4 β) 3-acetyloxy-N-[4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazin-1-yl]- propyl-11-oxo-urs-12-en-24-amide (16) and the ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780. These compounds showed EC50 = 1.0-1.7 µM while being significantly less toxic for the mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3 (EC50 = 9.3-16.3µM). Thus, compounds 15 and 16 have good antitumor effects and may serve as starting points for developing potential and selective antitumor agents

Zinc-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: Sol-gel synthesis, characterization, and investigation of their in vitro cytotoxicity effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 1149 ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Akbari ◽  
Mansoureh Khammar ◽  
Danial Taherzadeh ◽  
Arezoo Rajabian ◽  
Ali Khorsand Zak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cytotoxicity Effects ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis
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