scholarly journals Cynanchum wilfordii Polysaccharides Suppress Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Acute Colitis in Mice and the Production of Inflammatory Mediators from Macrophages

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Won Cho ◽  
Sungeun Ahn ◽  
Tae-Gyu Lim ◽  
Hee-Do Hong ◽  
Young Kyoung Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Crude Polysaccharide

We recently reported the immune-enhancing effects of a high-molecular-weight fraction (HMF) of CW in macrophages and immunosuppressed mice, and this effect was attributed to a crude polysaccharide. As polysaccharides may also have anti-inflammatory functions, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and related molecular mechanisms of a crude polysaccharide (HMFO) obtained from HMF of CW in mice with dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis and in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. HMFO ameliorated the pathological characteristics of colitis and significantly reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum. Histological analysis indicated that HMFO improved the signs of histological damage such as abnormal crypts, crypt loss, and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by DSS. In addition, HMFO inhibited iNOS and COX-2 protein expression, as well as phosphorylated NF-κB p65 levels in the colon tissue of mice with DSS-induced colitis. In macrophages, HMFO inhibited several cytokines and enzymes involved in inflammation such as prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 by attenuating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases. HMFO attenuated inflammation both in vitro and in vivo, primarily by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Our findings indicate that HMFO is a promising remedy for treating inflammatory bowel diseases, such as colitis.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Phytoncide in an Animal Model of Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Azra Memon ◽  
Bae Yong Kim ◽  
Se-eun Kim ◽  
Yuliya Pyao ◽  
Yeong-Geun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
Gastrointestinal Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background: Phytoncide is known to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Purpose: This study was carried out to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of two types of phytoncide extracts from pinecone waste. Methods: We made two types of animal models to evaluate the efficacy, an indomethacin-induced gastroenteritis rat model and a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Result: In the gastroenteritis experiment, the expression of induced-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a marker for inflammation, decreased in the phytoncide-supplemented groups, and gastric ulcer development was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05). In the colitis experiment, the shortening of the colon length and the iNOS expression were significantly suppressed in the phytoncide-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Through this study, we confirmed that phytoncide can directly inhibit inflammation in digestive organs. Although further research is needed, we conclude that phytoncide has potential anti-inflammatory properties in the digestive tract and can be developed as a functional agent.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a sterol-enriched fraction from freshwater green alga, Spirogyra sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
You-Jin Jeon ◽  
Jae-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as arthritis and atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of sterol-rich fraction prepared from Spirogyra sp., a freshwater green alga, in an effort to find bioactive extracts derived from natural sources. Methods The sterol content of ethanol extract of Spirogyra sp. (SPE) was enriched by fractionation with hexane (SPEH), resulting 6.7 times higher than SPE. Using this fraction, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish. Results SPEH effectively and dose-dependently decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). SPEH suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β through downregulating nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. The in vivo test results indicated that SPEH significantly and dose-dependently reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell death, and NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SPEH possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and has the potential to be used as healthcare or pharmaceutical material for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Traditional Herbal Formula Pyungwi-San on Inflammatory ResponseIn VitroandIn Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Young Cha ◽  
Ji Yun Jung ◽  
Jae Yup Jung ◽  
Jong Rok Lee ◽  
Il Je Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Pyungwi-san (PWS) is a traditional basic herbal formula. We investigated the effects of PWS on induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) induced Raw 264.7 cells and on paw edema in rats. Treatment with PWS (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/mL) resulted in inhibited levels of expression of LPS-induced COX-2, iNOS, NF-κB, and MAPKs as well as production of prostaglandin E2(PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, and TNF-αinduced by LPS. Our results demonstrate that PWS possesses anti-inflammatory activities via decreasing production of pro-inflammatory mediators through suppression of the signaling pathways of NF-κB and MAPKs in LPS-induced macrophage cells. More importantly, results of the carrageenan-(CA-) induced paw edema demonstrate an anti-edema effect of PWS. In addition, it is considered that PWS also inhibits the acute edematous inflammations through suppression of mast cell degranulations and inflammatory mediators, including COX-2, iNOS and TNF-α. Thus, our findings may provide scientific evidence to explain the anti-inflammatory properties of PWSin vitroandin vivo.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofPhysalis Alkekengivar.franchetiiand Its Main Constituents

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zunpeng Shu ◽  
Na Xing ◽  
Qiuhong Wang ◽  
Xinli Li ◽  
Bingqing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This study was designed to determine whether the 50% EtOH fraction from AB-8 macroporous resin fractionation of a 70% EtOH extract ofP. Alkekengi(50-EFP) has antibacterial and/or anti-inflammatory activity bothin vivoandin vitroand to investigate the mechanism of 50-EFP anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, this study sought to define the chemical composition of 50-EFP. Results indicated that 50-EFP showed significant antibacterial activityin vitroand efficacyin vivo. Moreover, 50-EFP significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) production in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated THP-1 cells. Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (examined at the protein level) in THP-1 cells were suppressed by 50-EFP, which inhibited nuclear translocation of p65. Consistent with this anti-inflammatory activityin vitro, 50-EFP reduced inflammation in both animal models. Finally, seventeen compounds (8 physalins and 9 flavones) were isolated as major components of 50-EFP. Our data demonstrate that 50-EFP has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities bothin vitroandin vivo. The anti-inflammatory effect appears to occur, at least in part, through the inhibition of nuclear translocation of p65. Moreover, physalins and flavones are probably the active components in 50-EFP that exert antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals In Vitro and Ex Vivo Effects of Silymarin Derivatives on Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion Using a Murine Colonic Strip Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. e55-e60
Author(s):  
Leo Fitzpatrick ◽  
Ella Mokrushin ◽  
George Talbott ◽  
Tibebe Woldermariam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractSilymarin has anti-inflammatory properties and documented anti-colitis activity. Our prior study determined that in vitro treatment with certain extracted fractions of silymarin inhibited stimulated proinflammatory cytokine secretion from cell lines relevant to colitis. In this study, colitis was induced in mice by giving dextran sulfate sodium drinking water for 6 days. The ex vivo effects of crude silymarin extract, two different silymarin fractions, as well as commercially derived silibinin and isosilibinin were examined by determining the secretion of MIP-2, TNF-α, and IL-17 in cell culture media from colonic strips. Further, the effects of silymarin-derived treatments on IL-8 and TNF-α secretion induced by the colitis supernatant was characterized with HT-29 colonic epithelial and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines. Prominent inhibition of MIP-2 and TNF-α secretion from colonic strips of mice with/without dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was observed with various silymarin treatments. Further, inhibition of dual (IL-23+IL-1β) cytokine-stimulated secretion of IL-17 from colonic strips of mice was found with certain silymarin treatments. Significant attenuation of TNF-α secretion from colitis supernatant-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was observed for crude silymarin extract and isosilibinin treatments. Finally, inhibition of IL-8 secretion from the colitis supernatant-stimulated HT29 colonic epithelial cell line was found with isosilibinin. These results contribute to the identification of silymarin-derived flavonoligans with optimal anti-inflammatory properties for further testing in colitis models.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Moisturizing Properties of Pilea martini (Levl.) Hand.-Mazz. Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2096786
Author(s):  
Jieun Choi ◽  
Young Yun Jung ◽  
In Jin Ha ◽  
Seung Ho Baek ◽  
Zhiyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Activator Protein 1 ◽  
Serine Palmitoyltransferase ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The in vitro anti-inflammatory and skin moisturizing activities of Pilea martini (Levl.) Hand.-Mazz. were investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and human immortalized keratinocytes. Chromatographic analysis was performed to identify the chemical composition of the extracts. Pilea martini extracts significantly suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α production in dose-dependent manners. In addition, the extracts inhibited LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins and their mRNA expression through causing a downregulation of nuclear factor-κB, activator protein 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. The extracts increased the production of hyaluronic acid levels and enhanced the expression levels of both filaggrin and serine palmitoyltransferase regulation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis showed that the extracts contained 6 different compounds (malic acid, tryptophan, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and isoquercetin) that may contribute to their bioactivities. Taken together, Pilea martini extract showed remarkable promise as an anti-inflammatory and moisturizing agent.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms ofFatsia polycarpaHayata and Its Constituents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsueh-Ling Cheng ◽  
Nurkholis ◽  
Shi-Yie Cheng ◽  
Shen-Da Huang ◽  
Yan-Ting Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Fatsia polycarpa, a plant endemic to Taiwan, is an herbal medicine known for treating several inflammation-related diseases, but its biological function needs scientific support. Thus, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the methanolic crude extract (MCE) ofF. polycarpaand its feature constituents, that is, brassicasterol (a phytosterol), triterpenoids 3α-hydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (HODA), 3α-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13β-olide (HOEO), fatsicarpain D, and fatsicarpain F, were investigated. MCE and HOEO, but not brassicasterol, dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-)induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophage line, whereas HODA, fatsicarpain D and fatsicarpain F were toxic to RAW cells. Additionally, MCE and HOEO suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-1βand interfered with LPS-promoted activation of the inhibitor kappa B kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, and that of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. In animal tests, MCE and HOEO effectively ameliorated 12-O-tetradecanoylphorobol-13 acetate- (TPA-)induced ear edema of mice. Thus, MCE ofF. polycarpaexhibited an obvious anti-inflammatory activityin vivoandin vitrothat likely involved the inhibition of the IKK/NF-κB pathway and the MAPKs, which may be attributed by triterpenoids such as HOEO.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Artemisia argyi on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer: Analytical, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for the Identification of Action Mechanism and Active Compounds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Myoung-Sook Shin ◽  
Jaemin Lee ◽  
Jin Woo Lee ◽  
Se Hoon Park ◽  
Il Kyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Griess Reagent ◽  
Artemisia Argyi ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Artemisia argyi is widely used as traditional medicine in East Asia. However, its effects against inflammation and gastric ulcers have not been reported yet. We analyzed anti-inflammatory activity and its molecular mechanisms of A. argyi using RAW264.7 cells line, then evaluated the curative efficacy in rats with acute gastric ulcers. Nitric oxide and IL-6 production was measured using Griess reagent and an ELISA kit. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, and mucin (MUC)1, MUC5AC, and MUC6 mRNA were determined by SYBR Green or Taqman qRT-PCR methods. The phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, and c-Jun protein were detected by western blotting. RW0117 inhibited LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production. The mRNA levels of iNOS and IL-6 were strongly suppressed. The phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and c-Jun decreased by treatment with RW0117. Oral administration of RW0117 recovered the amount of mucin mRNA and protein level that was decreased due to gastric ulcers by HCl-EtOH. A. argyi exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects and contributed to the modulation of HCl-EtOH-induced gastric ulcer in rats.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus fermentum ZS40 Ameliorates Inflammation in Mice With Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixia Chen ◽  
Long Yi ◽  
Yanni Pan ◽  
Xingyao Long ◽  
Jianfei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the intestine caused by many reasons, and it may even develop into colon cancer. Probiotics are normal bacteria that exist in the human body and have been proven to regulate the balance of intestinal flora and alleviate inflammation. The current study aimed to study the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum ZS40 (ZS40) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mice. The length and weight of the colon were measured, and the histopathological morphological changes of colon tissue were observed to evaluate the effects of ZS40 on colitis. Biochemical kits, ELISA kits, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and western blot were also used to detect the effects of ZS40 on serum and colon tissue related oxidative indicators and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. We found that ZS40 could reduce colonic inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell necrosis, increase total superoxide dismutase and catalase in mouse serum, and reduce myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels. ZS40 could down-regulate the level of proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulate the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines. More importantly, ZS40 down-regulated the relative expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κBp65), IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA and protein, up-regulated the relative expression of inhibitor kapa B alpha (IκB-α). By regulating the NF-κB and MAPK pathways to down-regulated the relative expression of p38 and JNK1/2 mRNA and p38, p-p38, JNK1/2, and p-JNK1/2 proteins. Our study suggested that ZS40 may serve as a potential therapeutical strategy for ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals Shikonin Prevents Early Phase Inflammation Associated with Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colon Cancer and Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (09/10) ◽  
pp. 674-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Andújar ◽  
Alberto Martí-Rodrigo ◽  
Rosa Giner ◽  
José Ríos ◽  
María Recio
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

AbstractShikonin is the main active principle in the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. Recent research highlights shikoninʼs antitumor properties and capacity to prevent acute ulcerative colitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of shikonin to prevent, in vivo, the early phases of colorectal cancer development, with special focus on its cytotoxic mechanism in vitro. We employed the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis in Balb/C mice. Body weight and drinking were monitored throughout the experiment, and length of colon and lesions of the colon were recorded on termination of the experiment in all of the experimental groups. Colons underwent histological evaluation and biochemical analyses [myeloperoxidase activity assay, measurement of interleukin-6, evaluation of proinflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase), and nuclear factor-κB activation by Western blot]. Caco-2 cells were used to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of shikonin on proliferation, cytotoxicity, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Our results reveal that shikonin significantly protected the intestinal tissue of our animals by preventing the shortening of the colorectum and ulcer formation in a dose-dependent manner. Shikonin attenuated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and myeloperoxidase activity, and inhibited the production of interleukin-6 and activation of nuclear factor-κB. It induced Bcl-2 and inhibited caspase 3. In conclusion, shikonin acts as a chemopreventive agent in the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model through inhibition of the proinflammatory milieu generated during the disease, an important risk factor in cancer development.

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