scholarly journals Effectiveness of Antihyperglycemic Effect of Momordica charantia: Implication of T-Cell Cytokines

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufine Fachinan ◽  
Akadiri Yessoufou ◽  
Magloire Pandoua Nekoua ◽  
Kabirou Moutairou
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Cytokine Quantification

Background/Objective. We investigate the effect of antidiabetic Momordica charantia fruit juice on T cells’ differentiation, through plasmatic cytokine quantification in type 1 diabetic rats (T1D). Methods. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by the injection of five low doses of streptozotocin. Then, animals were treated with Momordica charantia fruit juice for 28 consecutive days. Plasmatic levels of Th1 interleukin- (IL-) 02 and interferon- (IFN-) γ, Th2 (IL-4), and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines were determined in rats. Results. We observed that fruit juice induced a significant decrease in blood glucose of T1D rats. Besides, the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ significantly increased while those of IL-4 and IL-10 diminished in diabetic rats compared to control animals. Interestingly, after treatment with Momordica charantia fruit juice, IL-4 and IL-10 levels significantly increased in diabetic rats, while IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations decreased, suggesting a Th2 phenotype in these animals. Phytochemical analysis of the fruit juice revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and coumarins, compounds which possess antioxidant activity. Conclusion. This study shows that Momordica charantia fruit juice, by lowering the hyperglycemia, induced a shift of proinflammatory Th1 phenotype in T1D rats towards a favorable anti-inflammatory Th2 status. These effects might be due to the presence of antioxidant compounds in the juice and confirms the use of this plant in the treatment of autoimmune type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Baccharis trimera (Carqueja) Improves Metabolic and Redox Status in an Experimental Model of Type 1 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Nogueira do Nascimento Kaut ◽  
Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo ◽  
Glaucy Rodrigues Araujo ◽  
Jason Guy Taylor ◽  
Marcelo Eustáquio Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Redox Stress ◽  
Carbonyl Protein ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Baccharis Trimera

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes severe complications due to the increased oxidative stress induced by disease. Many plants are popularly used in the treatment of diabetes, e.g., Baccharis trimera (carqueja). The aim of this study was to explore the potential application of the B. trimera hydroethanolic extract in preventing redox stress induced by diabetes and its hypoglycemic properties. Experiments were conducted with 48 female rats, divided into 6 groups, named C (control), C600 (control + extract 600 mg/kg), C1200 (control + extract 1200 mg/kg), D (diabetic), D600 (diabetic + 600 mg/kg), and D1200 (diabetic + 1200 mg/kg). Type 1 diabetes was induced with alloxan, and the animals presented hyperglycemia and reduction in insulin and body weight. After seven days of experimentation, the nontreated diabetic group showed changes in biochemical parameters (urea, triacylglycerol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) and increased carbonyl protein levels. Regarding the antioxidant enzymes, an increase in superoxide dismutase activity was observed but in comparison a decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity was noted which suggests that diabetic rats suffered redox stress. In addition, the mRNA of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes were altered. Treatment of diabetic rats with B. trimera extract resulted in an improved glycemic profile and liver function, decreased oxidative damage, and altered the expression of mRNA of the antioxidants enzymes. These results together suggest that B. trimera hydroethanolic extract has a protective effect against diabetes.

scholarly journals Insulin enhances the effect of nitric oxide at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in a rat model of type 1 diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. H772-H779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinit N. Varu ◽  
Sadie S. Ahanchi ◽  
Melissa E. Hogg ◽  
Hussein A. Bhikhapurwala ◽  
Amy Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
High Insulin

Diabetes confers greater restenosis from neointimal hyperplasia following vascular interventions. While localized administration of nitric oxide (NO) is known to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia, the effect of NO in type 1 diabetes is unknown. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of NO following arterial injury, with and without exogenous insulin administration. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from lean Zucker (LZ) rats were exposed to the NO donor, DETA/NO, following treatment with different glucose and/or insulin concentrations. DETA/NO inhibited VSMC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner to a greater extent in VSMC exposed to normal-glucose vs. high-glucose environments, and even more effectively in normal-glucose/high-insulin and high-glucose/high-insulin environments. G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and cell death were not responsible for the enhanced efficacy of NO in these environments. Next, type 1 diabetes was induced in LZ rats with streptozotocin. The rat carotid artery injury model was performed. Type 1 diabetic rats experienced no significant reduction in neointimal hyperplasia following arterial injury and treatment with the NO donor PROLI/NO. However, daily administration of insulin to type 1 diabetic rats restored the efficacy of NO at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia (60% reduction, P < 0.05). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that NO is ineffective at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in an uncontrolled rat model of type 1 diabetes; however, insulin administration restores the efficacy of NO at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia. Thus insulin may play a role in regulating the downstream beneficial effects of NO in the vasculature.

scholarly journals Nox4-derived reactive oxygen species mediate cardiomyocyte injury in early type 1 diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (3) ◽  
pp. C597-C604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita M. Maalouf ◽  
Assaad A. Eid ◽  
Yves C. Gorin ◽  
Karen Block ◽  
Gladys Patricia Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity

Oxidative stress contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study explored the role of the NADPH oxidase Nox4 as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Phosphorothioated antisense (AS) or sense (S) oligonucleotides for Nox4 were administered for 2 wk to rats made diabetic by streptozotocin. NADPH oxidase activity, ROS generation, and the expression of Nox4, but Nox1 or Nox2, were increased in left ventricular tissue of the diabetic rats. Expression of molecular markers of hypertrophy and myofibrosis including fibronectin, collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, and β-myosin heavy chain were also increased. These parameters were attenuated by the administration of AS but not S Nox4. Moreover, the impairment of contractility observed in diabetic rats was prevented in AS- but not S-treated animals. Exposure of cultured cardiac myocytes to 25 mM glucose [high glucose (HG)] increased NADPH oxidase activity, the expression of Nox4, and molecular markers of cardiac injury. These effects of HG were prevented in cells infected with adenoviral vector containing a dominant negative form of Nox4. This study provides strong evidence that Nox4 is an important source of ROS in the left ventricle and that Nox4-derived ROS contribute to cardiomyopathy at early stages of type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Rho kinase protects from ischaemia–reperfusion injury via regulation of arginase activity and nitric oxide synthase in type 1 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahor Tratsiakovich ◽  
Attila Kiss ◽  
Adrian T Gonon ◽  
Jiangning Yang ◽  
Per-Ove Sjöquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Aim: RhoA/Rho-associated kinase and arginase are implicated in vascular complications in diabetes. This study investigated whether RhoA/Rho-associated kinase and arginase inhibition protect from myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury in type 1 diabetes and the mechanisms behind these effects. Methods: Rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic rats were subjected to 30 min myocardial ischaemia and 2 h reperfusion after being randomized to treatment with (1) saline, (2) RhoA/Rho-associated kinase inhibitor hydroxyfasudil, (3) nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine monoacetate followed by hydroxyfasudil, (4) arginase inhibitor N-omega-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine, (5) NG-monomethyl-l-arginine monoacetate followed by N-omega-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine or (6) NG-monomethyl-l-arginine monoacetate given intravenous before ischaemia. Results: Myocardial arginase activity, arginase 2 expression and RhoA/Rho-associated kinase activity were increased in type 1 diabetes ( p < 0.05). RhoA/Rho-associated kinase inhibition and arginase inhibition significantly reduced infarct size in diabetic and non-diabetic rats ( p < 0.001). The cardioprotective effects of hydroxyfasudil and N-omega-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine in diabetes were abolished by nitric oxide synthase inhibition. RhoA/Rho-associated kinase inhibition attenuated myocardial arginase activity in diabetic rats via a nitric oxide synthase–dependent mechanism. Conclusion: Inhibition of either RhoA/Rho-associated kinase or arginase protects from ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats with type 1 diabetes via a nitric oxide synthase–dependent pathway. These results suggest that inhibition of RhoA/Rho-associated kinase and arginase constitutes a potential therapeutic strategy to protect the diabetic heart against ischaemia–reperfusion injury.

scholarly journals Can troxerutin pretreatment prevent testicular complications in prepubertal diabetic male rats?

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Ghadiri ◽  
Fariba Mirzaei Bavil ◽  
Gholam Reza Hamidian ◽  
Hajar Oghbaei ◽  
Zohreh Zavvari Oskuye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Apoptosis Process

AbstractObjective. The vast majority of type 1 diabetes leads to a higher prevalence of reproductive system’s impairments. Troxerutin has attracted much attention owing to its favorable properties, including antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. This investigation was proposed to evaluate whether pretreatment with troxerutin could prevent apoptosis-induced testicular disorders in prepubertal diabetic rats.Methods. Fifty prepubertal male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control (C), troxerutin (TX), diabetic (D), diabetic+troxerutin (DTX), and diabetic+insulin (DI). Diabetes was induced by 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin applied intraperitoneally. In TX and DTX groups, 150 mg/kg troxerutin was administered by oral gavage. Diabetic rats in DI group received 2–4 U NPH insulin subcutaneously. Troxerutin and insulin treatments were begun immediately on the day of diabetes confirmation. After 30 days, the testicular lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity, apoptosis process, and stereology as well as serum glucose and insulin levels were assessed.Results. The results showed that diabetes caused a significant increase in the blood glucose, the number of TUNEL positive cells and tubules, and the malondialdehyde level as well as a significant decrease in serum insulin level compared to controls. The stereological analysis also revealed various alterations in diabetic rats compared to controls. Troxerutin treatment improved these alterations compared to the diabetic group.Conclusion. Troxerutin-pretreatment may play an essential role in the management of the type-1 diabetes-induced testicular disorders by decreasing blood glucose and modulating apoptosis.

scholarly journals SANTALUM ALBUM;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Gull ◽  
Asim Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Umer ◽  
Sajid Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Lemon Grass

Medicinal plants are good alternate of antibiotics against many bacterial as well as other diseases. Santalum album (Sandal) and Cymbopogon (Lemon grass) are two important medicinal plants whose important components were extracted by sequential extraction from non-polar to polar solvents. The study was aimed at finding antibacterial and radical scavenging potential of Santalum album (Sandal) and Cymbopogon (Lemon grass). Study Design: In vitro study. Setting: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat. Period: 12 months. Material and Methods: Sequential extracts of Santalum album and Cymbopogon with n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethylacetate, ethanol, butanol and water respectively were prepared to evaluate antibacterial activity against Staph aureus (25923), Staph aureus (38541), E.coli (25922), E.coli (35318), Streptococcus pyrogenes (Tc-11-2) and Shigella sonnei (BB-8). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to assess antioxidant activity. Results: Ethanolic and acetone extracts of sandal and lemongrass showed significant inhibtory activity against all seven strains. In case of sandal, acetone extract exhibited highest inhibitory activity against Staph aureus (25923) with 17±2 mm zone of inhibition while ethanolic extract of lemon grass showed highest activity with 16.333 ± 1.154mm zone of inhibition against E.Coli (35318). Other solvents including chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol also showed considerable antibacterial activity, but water extracts of both plants showed no activity. All polarity based extracts of both plants exhibited antioxidant activity, ethanolic extracts of sandal and lemon grass showed highest radical scavenging activity with 84.366 ±1.504% and 83.766 ±4.272% inhibitions respectively. The minimum antioxidant activity was observed for chloroform extracts of sandal and n-hexane extract of lemongrass. Conclusion: we concluded that some plants have good antibacterial and antioxidant potential. Their phytochemical analysis can be carried out to find potent antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. This will be effective in combating bacterial diseases because mostly microbes are developing resistance against currently available antibiotics.

scholarly journals Exclusive Peripheral Overexpression of 5-HT5A Receptors is Involved in 5‑HT‑Induced Cardiac Sympatho-Inhibition in Type 1 Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Ángel Garcia-Pedraza ◽  
Oswaldo Hernández-Abreu ◽  
Asunción Morán ◽  
José Carretero ◽  
Mónica García-Domingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Pithed Rats

Abstract Background: In normoglycaemic pithed rats, cardiac sympathetic control is modulated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5‑HT), which inhibits the cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow via the activation of 5-HT 1B , 5-HT 1D and 5-HT 5A receptors. Notwithstanding, type 1 diabetes impairs the functionality of the cardiac sympathetic innervation and leads to cardiovascular complications including cardiac autonomic neuropathy. On this basis, the present study investigated whether the influence of 5-HT on cardiac noradrenergic neurotransmission is altered in type 1 diabetic rats, by analysing the profile of the 5-HT receptors involved and their peripheral expression. Methods: Type 1 diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats with a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Four weeks later, the rats were anaesthetized, pithed and prepared for producing tachycardic responses by either electrical preganglionic stimulation (C 7 ‑T 1 ) of the cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow or i.v. bolus injections of exogenous noradrenaline. Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to study the expression of 5‑HT 1B , 5-HT 1D and 5-HT 5A receptors in the stellate (sympathetic) ganglion obtained from normoglycaemic and diabetic rats. Results: The increases in heart rate evoked by both cardiac sympathetic stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline were not modified after saline in diabetic rats. Moreover, i.v. continuous infusions of 5‑HT induced a cardiac sympatho-inhibition that was mimicked by the 5‑HT 1/5A receptor agonist 5‑carboxamidotryptamine, but not by the agonists indorenate (5-HT 1A ), CP 93,129 (5‑HT 1B ), PNU 142633 (5-HT 1D ), or LY344864 (5‑HT 1F ) in the diabetic group. In contrast, the above agonists at 5-HT 1B , 5-HT 1D and 5-HT 1/5A receptors mimicked 5-HT-induced sympatho-inhibition in normoglycaemic rats. In diabetic animals, i.v. administration of SB 699551 (1 mg/kg; 5‑HT 5A receptor antagonist) abolished 5‑CT-induced cardiac sympatho-inhibition. Finally, the immunohistochemistry analysis in the stellate ganglion showed that, as compared to normoglycaemic rats, in diabetic rats (P<0.05): (i) the expression of 5-HT 1B receptors was slightly higher, whereas that of 5-HT 1D receptors was slightly lower; and (ii) there was a clear overexpression of 5-HT 5A receptors. Conclusions: Taken together, these results show the prominent role of the peripheral overexpression of prejunctional 5-HT 5A receptors in the inhibition of the cardiac sympathetic drive in type 1 diabetic rats. These findings may represent a new pharmacological strategy for the treatment of diabetes-related cardiac abnormalities.

Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis in Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Oenothera biennis by GCMS – A Preliminary Research Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 3744-3750
Author(s):  
Afroz Patan ◽  
Saranya M. ◽  
Vignesh S. ◽  
Bharathi A. ◽  
Vikram G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Oenothera Biennis

Introduction and Aim: Oenothera biennis an important medicinal plant which belongs to Onagraceae family. It is used for various medicinal purposes in ayurvedic medicine and herbal remedy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of phenol and flavonoid extract of plant of O. biennis and GC-MS analysis for active compound identification. Materials and Methods: Radical scavenging assay and reduction assay methods were used for antioxidant activity. The antioxidant capacity of methanolic plant extractHP-5 column was used for GCMS analysis. Results: The IC50 of DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol leaves extract of O. biennis was 31.43µg/mL concentration, IC50value of superoxide radical scavenging activity was 37.71µg/mL concentration. The RC50 of phosphomolybdenum reduction of methanolic plant extract of O. biennis was 49.90µg/mL concentration and the RC50of Fe3+ reduction was 37.25µg/mL concentrations. Antioxidant compounds such as Phenol, 2, 6-bis(1,1-dimethyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-, Cromaril and Oleic acid were eluted by GCMS analysis. Conclusion: The data showed that the methanolic plant extract of O. biennis has significant antioxidant activity. The flavone compounds identified in GCMS could be responsible for antioxidant activity. Further research work needed to isolate active compounds to kill diseases.

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