scholarly journals How Influential Are Mental Models on Interaction Performance? Exploring the Gap between Users’ and Designers’ Mental Models through a New Quantitative Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingjun Xie ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Huilin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
User Performance ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Information Structures ◽  
Path Diagram ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Model Similarity ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the gap between two different mental models on interaction performance through a quantitative way. To achieve that, an index called mental model similarity and a new method called path diagram to elicit mental models were introduced. There are two kinds of similarity: directionless similarity calculated from card sorting and directional similarity calculated from path diagram. An experiment was designed to test their influence. A total of 32 college students participated and their performance was recorded. Through mathematical analysis of the results, three findings were derived. Frist, the more complex the information structures, the lower the directional similarity. Second, directional similarity (rather than directionless similarity) had significant influence on user performance, indicating that it is more effective in eliciting mental models using path diagram than card sorting. Third, the relationship between information structures and user performance was partially mediated by directional similarity. Our findings provide practitioners with a new perspective of bridging the gap between users’ and designers’ mental models.

Mental models, humorous texts and humour evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri de Jongste
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Mental Model Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manipulation Process ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper investigates how a mental-model theory of communication can explain differences in humorous texts and how aesthetic criteria to evaluate humour are dependent on the way mental models are exploited. Humour is defined as the deliberate manipulation by speakers of their private mental models of situations in order to create public mental models which contain one or more incongruities. Recipients can re-construct this manipulation process and thereby evaluate its nature and its quality. Humorous texts can be distinguished in terms of ownership of the manipulated mental model, the relationship between the speakers’ private and their public (humorous) mental model, as well as the speed required in the humorous mental model construction. Possible aesthetic criteria are the quality of the mental model manipulation, the pressure under which the humorously manipulated mental models have been constructed and the quality of the presentation of humorous mental models.

Novice-Expert Differences in the Cognitive Representation of System Features: Mental Models and Verbalizable Knowledge

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy A. Hanisch ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
Charles L. Hulin ◽  
Robert Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Scaling Technique ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between users' mental models and their verbalizable knowledge of a system were investigated in a field study. Trained and untrained users of a new phone system rated the similarity of use of nine phone features. Their ratings of the features were used in a multidimensional scaling technique and hierarchical cluster analysis to obtain their mental models of the system. Individuals' ratings of features on unidimensional scales about the use of the features and scores obtained on a knowledge test were reflected in their mental models. Mental models of the two novice groups' were very similar except for the perception of one feature; it was more accurately depicted in the mental model of users who attended than those who did not attend a training program. Trainers' and system designers' mental models of the phone system were evaluated to determine an “appropriate” expert mental model. A comparison of the “expert” mental model to the novices' mental models suggested that several features were inaccurately perceived by the novices. Using the discrepancies between the expert and novices' mental models to design training programs for systems is discussed. A novel way to design or redesign systems based on novices' mental models of systems is proposed.

scholarly journals THE EVALUATION OF USER`S REPRESENTATION OF PERSONAL COMPUTER

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-217
Author(s):  
Egor A. Dorokhov ◽  
Alexey N. Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Study Participants

Relevance. The increasing complexity of technical devices used by humans and the high rate of emergence of new devices and their functions lead to the emergence of various practices and habits of working with them. It is possible to see a specific representation of what a personal computer (PC) consists of and how it works for each of these practices. This representation has developed in the process of working with a PC as its mental model. However, the task of reconstructing these models and comparing different respondents with each other according to the specifics of their understanding of the PC does not have the necessary methodological support. It is necessary to get representations of PC in a comparable form to effectively compare the different people`s/group`s representations of PC with each other and study their mental models, preserving the qualitative specifics of these “images of PC”. The purpose of this work is to empirically approbate the technology of reconstructing the representations of PC users about the computer itself as a multidimensional psychological space of descriptions of its work. Methods. Methods of group interviews and card sorting were used to collect descriptions of “how PC works”, multidimensional scaling methods were used to reconstruct representations of PC among groups of study participants. Results. We have reconstructed and described the representations about the work of the PC of three groups of users — schoolchildren (N = 22), programmers (N = 22) and ordinary adults without special education (N = 21) as multidimen-sional spaces of descriptions of the work of the PC. We identified the bases of classification of PC operation descriptions for each group of users and develop a technology for analyzing the results of studying their representations about PC as latent characteristics that form the basis of classification of PC operation descriptions.

Team mental model characteristics and performance in a simulation experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
V.K. Narayanan ◽  
Yamuna Baburaj ◽  
Srinivasan Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Mental Models ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Team Mental Model ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between the characteristics of strategic decision-making team’s mental model and its performance. The authors propose that the relationship between mental models and performance is two-way, rather than one-way. Thus, performance feedback should, in turn, influence strategic behavior and future performance by either triggering or hindering the learning process. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct the research in the setting of a simulation experiment. A longitudinal data set was collected from 36 teams functioning as strategic decision makers over three periods. Findings This study provides support for the positive impacts of both the complexity and centrality of a team’s mental model on its performance. The authors also find that positive performance feedback reduces changes in complexity and centrality of team mental models due to cognitive inertia. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature by investigating the specific mechanisms that underlie mental model evolution. Different from the existing studies on team mental models that mainly focus on similarity of these shared cognitive structures, this study examines another two characteristics of team mental model, complexity and centrality, that are more relevant to the strategic decision-making process but has not been extensively studied in the team literature. In addition, this study reveals that performance feedback has different effects on team mental models depending on the referents – past performance or social comparison – which advances the understanding of the learning effects of performance feedback.

Evaluating Mental Model Elicitation Methods

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Cooke ◽  
Anna L. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
User Acceptance ◽  
Elicitation Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evaluation Of Methods ◽  
Selection Of

Researchers have developed and applied a number of methods for measuring mental models. Unfortunately not only is the mental model construct ill-defined, but the basic research associated with it offers little guidance concerning the selection of a method for a particular application. In this paper a program of research is presented that is designed address this shortcoming. Specifically, the research involves a comparative evaluation of methods to measure mental models on the basis of the relationship between the method's output (i.e., the mental model) and the criterion of primary importance to the problem (e.g., task performance, user acceptance). It is assumed that a method should be selected on the basis of its ability to generate output that is predictive of the criterion of interest. It is likely that because the methods tap different aspects of a mental model, they will predict performance well on some tasks and criteria, but not others. As an example of this approach, data are presented that help to select the best method for measuring technicians' mental models of an electronics troubleshooting task.

scholarly journals MODEL MENTAL SISWA TENTANG TERMOKIMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Komang Melina Dewi ◽  
I Wayan Suja ◽  
I Dewa Ketut Sastrawidana
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan profil model mental dan faktor-faktor penyebab terbentuknya model mental alternatif siswa kelas XI tentang termokimia di SMA Negeri Bali Mandara. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed methods jenis sekuensial. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, pemberian tes hasil belajar dua tingkat, dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif berdasarkan hubungan antara jawaban siswa dan argumentasinya dengan melibatkan tiga level kimia. Teknik analisis data hasil wawancara meliputi tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profil model mental siswa kelas  XI tentang termokimia, meliputi 1,94 % model mental ilmiah dan 98,05% model mental alternatif, yang terdiri atas 28,19% miskonsepsi khusus dan 69,86% benar sebagian. Faktor-faktor penyebab terbentuknya model mental alternatif pada pikiran siswa, meliputi rendahnya minat belajar siswa, kurangnya pemahaman siswa tentang termokimia, kurangnya perhatian siswa ketika pembelajaran, metode mengajar yang diterapkan guru tidak mencankup tiga level kimia dan padatnya kegiatan sekolah.Kata-kata kunci : termokimia, model mental, model mental alternatif.AbstractThis research was aimed describe and explain the profile of the mental models and the factors that cause the formation of alternative mental models of class XI students about thermochemistry at Bali Mandara High School. This research uses a sequential type mixed methods. Data collection was carried out by observation, giving two-level learning outcomes tests, and interviews. Data analysis is carried out descriptively, based on the relationship between student answers and their arguments involving three chemical levels. The technique of analyzing data from interviews includes the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this research indicate that the profile of the mental model of class XI students about thermochemistry includes 1.94% of the scientific mental model and 98.05% of the alternative mental models, which consist of 28.19% special misconceptions and 69.86% are partly correct. Factors that cause the formation of alternative mental models on the minds of students, including the low interest in student learning, lack of student understanding of thermochemistry, lack of attention of students when learning, teaching methods applied by teachers do not cover three chemical levels and the density of school activities.Key words: thermochemistry, mental models, alternative mental models.

Centralization and Effectiveness of Reward Management in Multinational Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tekieli ◽  
Marion Festing ◽  
Xavier Baeten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Subsidiary Managers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Based on responses from 158 reward managers located at the headquarters or subsidiaries of multinational enterprises, the present study examines the relationship between the centralization of reward management decision making and its perceived effectiveness in multinational enterprises. Our results show that headquarters managers perceive a centralized approach as being more effective, while for subsidiary managers this relationship is moderated by the manager’s role identity. Referring to social identity theory, the present study enriches the standardization versus localization debate through a new perspective focusing on psychological processes, thereby indicating the importance of in-group favoritism in headquarters and the influence of subsidiary managers’ role identities on reward management decision making.

Psychology: Volume 5

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Five of this survey, Explorations into Psyche and Psychology: Some Emerging Perspectives, examines the future of psychology in India. For a very long time, intellectual investments in understanding mental life have led to varied formulations about mind and its functions across the word. However, a critical reflection of the state of the disciplinary affairs indicates the dominance of Euro-American theories and methods, which offer an understanding coloured by a Western world view, which fails to do justice with many non-Western cultural settings. The chapters in this volume expand the scope of psychology to encompass indigenous knowledge available in the Indian tradition and invite engaging with emancipatory concerns as well as broadening the disciplinary base. The contributors situate the difference between the Eastern and Western conceptions of the mind in the practice of psychology. They look at this discipline as shaped by and shaping between systems like yoga. They also analyse animal behaviour through the lens of psychology and bring out insights about evolution of individual and social behaviour. This volume offers critique the contemporary psychological practices in India and offers a new perspective called ‘public psychology’ to construe and analyse the relationship between psychologists and their objects of study. Finally, some paradigmatic, pedagogical, and substantive issues are highlighted to restructure the practice of psychology in the Indian setting.

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