scholarly journals Lifestyle Modulators of Neuroplasticity: How Physical Activity, Mental Engagement, and Diet Promote Cognitive Health during Aging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristy Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

The number of the elderly across the globe will approximate 2.1 billion by 2050. Juxtaposed against this burgeoning segment of the population is evidence that nonpathological aging is associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline in a variety of domains, changes that can cause mild disability even before the onset of dementia. Given that pharmacological treatments that mitigate dementia are still outstanding, alternative therapeutic options are being investigated increasingly. The results from translational studies have shown that modifiable lifestyle factors—including physical activity, cognitive engagement, and diet—are a key strategy for maintaining brain health during aging. Indeed, a multiplicity of studies has demonstrated relationships between lifestyle factors, brain structure and function, and cognitive function in aging adults. For example, physical activity and diet modulate common neuroplasticity substrates (neurotrophic signaling, neurogenesis, inflammation, stress response, and antioxidant defense) in the brain whereas cognitive engagement enhances brain and cognitive reserve. The aims of this review are to evaluate the relationship between modifiable lifestyle factors, neuroplasticity, and optimal brain health during aging; to identify putative mechanisms that contribute positive brain aging; and to highlight future directions for scientists and clinicians. Undoubtedly, the translation of cutting-edge knowledge derived from the field of cognitive neuroscience will advance our understanding and enhance clinical treatment interventions as we endeavor to promote brain health during aging.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Modifiable Risk Factors in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis: Building for the Future

Children ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Pétrin ◽  
Max Fiander ◽  
Prenitha Doss ◽  
E. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Pediatric Onset

Knowledge of the effect of modifiable lifestyle factors in the pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) population is limited. We therefore conducted a scoping review, following the framework provided by Arksey and O’Malley. Four databases were searched for pediatric MS and modifiable lifestyle factors using index terms and keywords, from inception to May 2018. All quantitative and qualitative primary articles were included and limited to English and full text. Of the 7202 articles identified and screened, 25 full-text articles were relevant to our objective and were included. These articles focused on diet obesity, physical activity, and sleep. In cross-sectional analyses, these lifestyle factors were associated with increased risk of pediatric onset MS (POMS), and increased disease activity. Diet, particularly vitamin D and vegetable intake, was associated with reduced relapse rate. Obesity was linked to increased risk of POMS, and physical activity was associated with reduced relapse rate and sleep/rest fatigue. Thus, available studies of lifestyle related outcomes in pediatric MS suggest specific lifestyle related factors, including obesity, higher vitamin D levels, and higher physical activity may associate with lower disease burden in POMS. Studies reviewed are limited by their observational designs. Future studies with longitudinal and experimental designs may further clarify the role of modifiable lifestyle factors in this population.

scholarly journals Impact of Cardiovascular Hemodynamics on Cognitive Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Moore ◽  
Angela L. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Abnormal Brain

It is well known that cardiovascular disease and related vascular risk factors are associated with cognitive decline and worse brain health outcomes among aging adults. Recently, subtle age-related changes in cardiac hemodynamics have been proposed as an emerging risk factor for abnormal brain aging, even in the absence of cardiovascular disease. Changes in cardiac function, vital for determining the total amount of blood available for perfusing the body, and arterial stiffness, important for regulating blood flow delivery, have been associated with compromised brain structure and function among older adults. Such alterations in cardiac output and arterial stiffening may directly affect brain health through blood-brain barrier breakdown or oligemia or may interact with Alzheimer disease and concomitant pathologies common in aging adults to accelerate cognitive decline. This review examines how age-related alterations in cardiovascular integrity contribute to abnormal brain aging, emphasizing that changes in systemic hemodynamics may compromise brain health before or concurrently with the development of neurodegenerative processes that are common in aging.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Brain Health

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Liegro ◽  
Schiera ◽  
Proia ◽  
Di Liegro
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Sound Mind

Physical activity (PA) has been central in the life of our species for most of its history, and thus shaped our physiology during evolution. However, only recently the health consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, and of highly energetic diets, are becoming clear. It has been also acknowledged that lifestyle and diet can induce epigenetic modifications which modify chromatin structure and gene expression, thus causing even heritable metabolic outcomes. Many studies have shown that PA can reverse at least some of the unwanted effects of sedentary lifestyle, and can also contribute in delaying brain aging and degenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s Disease, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Most importantly, PA improves cognitive processes and memory, has analgesic and antidepressant effects, and even induces a sense of wellbeing, giving strength to the ancient principle of “mens sana in corpore sano” (i.e., a sound mind in a sound body). In this review we will discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of PA on brain health, focusing on hormones, neurotrophins, and neurotransmitters, the release of which is modulated by PA, as well as on the intra- and extra-cellular pathways that regulate the expression of some of the genes involved.

scholarly journals Interactions of Lifestyle Factors on the Risk of Anemia Among Taiwanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1004-1004
Author(s):  
Rathi Paramastri ◽  
Chien-Yeh Hsu ◽  
Hsiu-An Lee ◽  
Jane Chao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Adherence

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association of lifestyle factors with the risk of anemia among adults in Taiwan. Methods This cross sectional study included 118,924 (43,055 men and 75,869 women) participants aged 20–45 years, who had health examination including blood tests, anthropometric measurements, and questionnaires to collect demographic, lifestyle, and dietary data at Mei Jau (MJ) Health Screening Center between 2000 to 2015. We evaluated the interactive associations of smoking, alcohol drinking, sleeping habit, physical activity, and dietary habit on the risk of anemia among study participants. The multivariable regression analysis was performed to examine the interactive correlations of lifestyle factors on the risk of anemia. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) were used for the estimation of additive interactions. The dietary pattern was derived by reduced rank regression. Results The anemia-inflammatory dietary pattern was heavily loaded on eggs, meat, organ meats, rice and flour products, fried rice or flour, sugary beverages, fried foods, and processed foods. Participants who actively smoked and had less sleep duration (< 6 hours/day) significantly increased the risk of anemia (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.30, RERI = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.24, AP = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.35, all Pinteraction < 0.05) compared to those who were non-smokers and had longer sleep duration (³ 7 hours/day). In addition, the interaction of less physically active (≤2 hours/week) and high adherence to anemia-inflammatory dietary pattern was positively correlate with the risk of anemia (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.18, RERI = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.34, AP = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.23, all Pinteraction < 0.05). Conclusions Smoking, less sleep duration (<6 hours/day), less physical activity (≤2 hours/week), and high adherence to anemia-inflammatory dietary pattern are associated with an increased risk of anemia. Funding Sources This study had no funding source.

Resistance training, insulin sensitivity and muscle function in the elderly

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Dela ◽  
Michael Kjaer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Improved Function ◽  
Improve Muscle Strength

Ageing is associated with a loss in both muscle mass and in the metabolic quality of skeletal muscle. This leads to sarcopenia and reduced daily function, as well as to an increased risk for development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A major part, but not all, of these changes are associated with an age-related decrease in the physical activity level and can be counteracted by increased physical activity of a resistive nature. Strength training has been shown to improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in both healthy elderly individuals and patients with manifest diabetes, and likewise to improve muscle strength in both elderly healthy individuals and in elderly individuals with chronic disease. The increased strength is coupled to improved function and a decreased risk for fall injuries and fractures. Elderly individuals have preserved the capacity to improve muscle strength and mass with training, but seem to display a reduced sensitivity towards stimulating protein synthesis from nutritional intake, rather than by any reduced response in protein turnover to exercise.

THE COYOACAN COHORT STUDY: DESIGN, METHODOLOGY, AND PARTICIPANTS’ CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEXICAN STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL MARKERS OF FRAILTY

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
L. RUIZ-ARREGUI ◽  
J.A. ÁVILA-FUNES ◽  
H. AMIEVA ◽  
S.A. BORGES-YÁÑEZ ◽  
A. VILLA-ROMERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cohort Study Design ◽  
The Mean

Background:“Frailty” has emerged as a condition associated with an increased risk of functionaldecline among the elderly, which may be differentiated from aging, disability, and co-morbidities. Objective: TheMexican Study of Nutritional and Psychosocial Markers of Frailty among Community-Dwelling Elderly hasemerged to help answer many questions about frailty among the older adults. This report presents the design ofthe study and baseline data of its participants. Design: The “Coyoacan cohort” is a longitudinal observationalstudy developed in Mexico City. Participants:A representative sample of 1,294 non-institutionalized men andwomen aged 70 years and older were randomly recruited to undergo a face-to-face interview and acomprehensive geriatric assessment (including clinical evaluations and blood samples) between 2008 and 2009.Measurements:Data collected included socio-demographic and economic characteristics, medical history, oralhealth, drug use, cognitive function and mood, nutritional status, physical performance and functional status,physical activity, quality of life, social networks, and biological data. Frailty was defined as the presence of ≥3 ofthe following components: slowness, poor muscle strength, low physical activity, exhaustion and unintentionalweight loss. Results: A total of 1,124 participants completed the interview. The mean age was 79.5 ± 7.1 years,and 55.9% were female. Nine hundred and forty-five subjects completed the clinical evaluation and 743 bloodsamples were collected. The baseline prevalence of frailty was 14.1%. Conclusions:Understanding the medical,biological, and environmental factors that contribute to the phenomenon of frailty is the goal of the currentresearch in the field.

scholarly journals Assessment of the nutritional pattern in frailty syndrome dependent institutionalized elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Felicia Lupascu-Volentir ◽  
◽  
Gabriela Soric ◽  
Ana Popescu ◽  
Anatolie Negara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Background: Problems of nutritional status are widespread, of which malnutrition occurs more frequently in vulnerable groups of the population, especially in the low-income elderly, including the institutionalized elderly. Material and methods: The study was performed on a group of 50 participants over the age of 65, from the nursing home; the nutritional status was assessed according to the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score, the frailty syndrome (FS) was established based on Fried criteria and severity of FS – based on the Clinical Frailty Scale. The obtained data were statistically processed by using the “Statistica 6.0” software program. The difference was considered statistically significant with p <0.05. Results: The MNA score showed a positive correlation with reduced physical activity: r= 0.4*, between reduced physical activity and reduced walking speed: r= 0.66*, reduced physical activity and fatigue (lack of energy): r= 0.94* (p≤0.05). The cluster analysis revealed that against the background of the same food intake, body weight, mobility, neurological status can easily change, the phenomenon underlying the separation of the elderly in different clusters (1 and 2), while moderately low food intake in the last 3 months led to significantly reduced mobility, impaired neurological status (severe dementia or depression). Conclusions: This study reported that the elderly in the nursing home have an increased risk of malnutrition, being associated with nutritional pattern, such as: involuntary weight loss, the presence of neuropsychiatric disorders, decline in food consumption, affecting the quality of life.

scholarly journals Health Conditions, Lifestyle Factors and Depression in Adults in Qingdao, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Cui ◽  
Jing Cui ◽  
Xinpeng Xu ◽  
Bilal Aslam ◽  
Lan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Risk For Depression

Background: Depression is a common mental illness. Previous studies suggested that health conditions and lifestyle factors were associated with depression. However, only few studies have explored the risk factors of depression in a large representative sample of the general population in the world.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the 2006 survey and 2009 survey in Qingdao, China. The participants with insufficient information were excluded: Zung score, body mass index (BMI), diabetes items, physical activity, smoking, or drinking. Finally, a total of 3,300 participants were included in this analysis. The category of depression was used in the Zung self-rating depression scale (ZSDS). The associations between different indicators of health conditions (diabetic status, BMI), lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption), and depression were assessed by the logistic regression model.Results: The mean Zung scores for all participants, male participants, and female participants were 29.73 ± 7.57, 28.89 ± 7.30, 30.30 ± 7.70, respectively. In all participants, those who were pre-diabetes status (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.04–2.27), and irregular physical activity (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.89) had an increased risk of depression. In man, the analysis showed an increased risk of depression those with pre-diabetes (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.25–4.97), previously diagnosed diabetes (OR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.58, 12.48), and in those irregular activities (OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.61). In women, those who were underweight (OR: 5.66, 95% CI: 1.04–30.71) had a greater risk of depression.Conclusions: These results suggested that health conditions and lifestyle factors were the potential risk factors for depression. Men with pre-diabetes, previously diagnosed diabetes, and irregular activity had an increased risk for depression; women with underweight status had a higher risk for depression.

Abstract MP47: Contribution of Preventable Risk Factors for Incident Congestive Heart Failure in Older Adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Del Gobbo ◽  
Shadi Kalantarian ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Rozenn Lemaitre ◽  
David Siscovick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Heart failure (HF) incurs high morbidity, mortality and health care costs among adults ≥65 years, the most rapidly growing segment of the US population. The relative contribution of lifestyle factors on incident HF, including total dietary pattern, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, and obesity, has not been established. Methods: We prospectively investigated the contribution of major preventable risk factors, measured using repeated assessments, on incident HF among 4490 men and women ≥65 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based US cohort. Lifestyle factors included four diet patterns (Biologic, DASH, AHEI, AHA 2020), four physical activity metrics (exercise intensity, walking pace, walking distance leisure activity), alcohol intake, smoking, and obesity. Incident HF was adjudicated by a centralized committee using medical records, diagnostic tests, and interviews. Adults with baseline CHF, moderate or severe mitral or aortic regurgitation, or missing lifestyle information were excluded from analysis. Risk associated with each lifestyle factors was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Over 21-years (51849 person-years), 1380 cases of HF occurred. After multivariable adjustment, no dietary pattern was associated with incident HF ( p >0.05), although sodium intake was associated with increased risk in secondary analyses. In contrast, walking pace, leisure activity, modest alcohol intake, former or never smoking, and BMI<30kg/m 2 were independently associated with lower risk of HF, with the highest population attributable risks for alcohol intake (18%) and physical activity (18%), followed by BMI (8%) and smoking (5%) (Table). Conclusion: Surprisingly, overall dietary patterns were not associated with HF, although sodium intake was associated with increased risk. Key modifiable risk factors to be targeted for HF prevention in older adults include physical activity and alcohol intake, obesity and smoking.

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