scholarly journals Affective Synchrony and Autonomic Coupling during Cooperation: A Hyperscanning Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elide Vanutelli ◽  
Laura Gatti ◽  
Laura Angioletti ◽  
Michela Balconi
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
Social Dynamic ◽  
Conductance Level

Previous research highlighted that during social interactions people shape each other’s emotional states by resonance mechanisms and synchronized autonomic patterns. Starting from the idea that joint actions create shared emotional experiences, in the present study a social bond was experimentally induced by making subjects cooperate with each other. Participants’ autonomic system activity (electrodermal: skin conductance level and response: SCL, SCR; cardiovascular indices: heart rate: HR) was continuously monitored during an attentional couple game. The cooperative motivation was induced by presenting feedback which reinforced the positive outcomes of the intersubjective exchange. 24 participants coupled in 12 dyads were recruited. Intrasubject analyses revealed higher HR in the first part of the task, connoted by increased cognitive demand and arousing social dynamic, while intersubject analysis showed increased synchrony in electrodermal activity after the feedback. Such results encourage the use of hyperscanning techniques to assess emotional coupling in ecological and real-time paradigms.

Gender Differences in Psychophysiological Responses to Disgust

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Henrik Hopp ◽  
Markus Quirin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Film Clips ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin ◽  
Conductance Level

Several studies have revealed that women report stronger feelings of disgust than men ( Gross & Levenson, 1995 ; Schienle, Schäfer, Stark, Walter, & Vaitl, 2005 ). However, the extent to which this gender difference also influences physiological disgust responses remains an open question. In Experiment 1, 54 female and 41 male participants were exposed to slides of different disgust-content. In Experiment 2, 47 women and 53 men watched two film clips showing hygiene-related or food-related disgust stimuli, respectively. Differences between males and females in reported and physiological disgust responses (heart rate, electrodermal activity, salivary cortisol, secretory immunoglobulin A) were tested by analysis of variance. Replicating previous studies, women reported stronger feelings of disgust than men across all disgust inductions. Additionally, in Study 1, women showed a higher increase in skin conductance level than men. In conclusion, gender moderates subjective responses to disgust, whereas physiological disgust responses are only marginally moderated by gender. Gender stereotypes as an explanation for the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Gratitude Affects Inter-Subjective Synchronicity for Cognitive Performance and Autonomic Responsiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Balconi ◽  
Giulia Fronda
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Conductance Level

Recently, social neurosciences have been interested in the investigation of neurophysiological responses related to the experience of positive emotions, such as gratitude, during social interactions. Specifically, the aim of the present research was to investigate whether gratitude related to gift exchange could favor cooperative behavior and bond construction, by improving behavioral and autonomic responsivity. At this regard, the autonomic synchronization and behavioral performance of 16 friends coupled in dyads were recorded during a joint attentional task. Gift exchange could be occurred either at the beginning or in the middle of the task. For the recording of simultaneous autonomic activity [heart rate (HR) and skin conductance level (SCL)], a hyperscanning biofeedback paradigm was used. Intra-subjective analysis showed an increase in behavioral [accuracy (ACC)] and autonomic responses (HR and SCL) when the gift exchange took place at the beginning of the task rather than in the middle. Moreover, inter-subjective analysis revealed an increase in behavioral performance and greater autonomic synchronization of HR index. The present research, therefore, shows how gratitude and trust experienced following gift exchange can modify participants’ reactions by creating a shared cognition and the adoption of joint strategies.

scholarly journals Non-Parametric Classifiers Based Emotion Classification Using Electrodermal Activity and Modified Hjorth Features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yedukondala Rao Veeranki ◽  
Nagarajan Ganapathy ◽  
Ramakrishnan Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotion Classification ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Rotation Forest ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Non Parametric

In this work, an attempt has been made to classify various emotional states in Electrodermal Activity (EDA) signals using modified Hjorth features and non-parametric classifiers. For this, the EDA signals are collected from a publicly available online database. The EDA is decomposed into SCL (Skin Conductance Level) and SCR (Skin Conductance Response). Five features, namely activity, mobility, complexity, chaos, and hazard, collectively known as modified Hjorth features, are extracted from SCR and SCL. Four non-parametric classifiers, namely, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and rotation forest, are used for the classification. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can classify the emotional states in EDA. Most of the features exhibit statistical significance in discriminating emotional states. It is found that the combination of modified Hjorth features and rotation forest is most accurate in classifying the emotional states. Thus, the result demonstrates that this method can recognize valence and arousal dimensions under various clinical conditions.

Stereotypes: A source of bias in affective and empathic forecasting

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley G. Moons ◽  
Jacqueline M. Chen ◽  
Diane M. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Target Individual ◽  
The Social ◽  
Race Experiment ◽  
Affective Forecasts

People’s emotional states often depend on the emotions of others. Consequently, to predict their own responses to social interactions (i.e., affective forecasts), we contend that people predict the emotional states of others (i.e., empathic forecasts). We propose that empathic forecasts are vulnerable to stereotype biases and demonstrate that stereotypes about the different emotional experiences of race (Experiment 1) and sex groups (Experiment 2) bias empathic forecasts. Path modeling in both studies demonstrates that stereotype-biased empathic forecasts regarding how a target individual will feel during a social interaction are associated with participants’ affective forecasts of how they will feel during that interaction with the target person. These affective forecasts, in turn, predict behavioral intentions for the social interaction before it even begins. Stereotypes can therefore indirectly bias affective forecasts by first influencing the empathic forecasts that partly constitute them. In turn, these potentially biased affective forecasts determine social behaviors.

The effect of temporal lobe surgery on electrodermal activity: implications for an organic hypothesis in the aetiology of schizophrenia

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Toone ◽  
E. Cooke ◽  
M. H. Lader
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations ◽  
Conductance Level

SynopsisIt has recently been suggested that the bilateral asymmetry of electrodermal activity (EDA) reported in schizophrenia may be related to unilateral temporal lobe dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, 3 aspects of EDA – skin conductance level (SCL), number of spontaneous fluctuations (SF), and skin conductance response (SCR) – were measured bilaterally in 10 patients who had undergone unilateral temporal lobectomy. No differences could be detected between the operated and non-operated sides within the patient group, nor between the patient and control groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Multiple measures of hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia and depression

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid J. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
The Right ◽  
Conductance Level

SYNOPSISElectrodermal, electroencephalographic and perceptual measures of lateral hemispheric function were obtained from groups of chronic schizophrenics, depressives and normals on 2 occasions, separated by 4 weeks. The measures of hemispheric function were derived from previous research. About half of the schizophrenics were medicated on both occasions; the other schizophrenics underwent drug ‘washout’ before the first session. Results revealed that the measures of laterality were not strongly intercorrelated. In the perceptual task, the schizophrenics and normals displayed different laterality effects. Unlike the normals, the schizophrenics' left hemisphere function appeared to be inferior to the right hemisphere function in the perceptual task. The laterality effects of the depressives and normals differed on two electrodermal measures: skin conductance level and skin conductance response amplitude. The depressives' electrodermal activity from the right hand was diminished as compared with the left hand; the normals did not show this effect. Medication decreased electrodermal activity in the schizophrenics, but had no significant effect on laterality. These results suggest that the various measures of laterality used singly in previous research in psychopathology may not all assess the same phenomenon.

scholarly journals Effect of Exposure Time on Thermal Behaviour: A Psychophysiological Approach

Signals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-885
Author(s):  
Bilge Kobas ◽  
Sebastian Clark Koth ◽  
Kizito Nkurikiyeyezu ◽  
Giorgos Giannakakis ◽  
Thomas Auer
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conductance Level

This paper presents the findings of a 6-week long, five-participant experiment in a controlled climate chamber. The experiment was designed to understand the effect of time on thermal behaviour, electrodermal activity (EDA) and the adaptive behavior of occupants in response to a thermal non-uniform indoor environment were continuously logged. The results of the 150 h-long longitudinal study suggested a significant difference in tonic EDA levels between “morning” and “afternoon” clusters although the environmental parameters were the same, suggesting a change in the human body’s thermal reception over time. The correlation of the EDA and temperature was greater for the afternoon cluster (r = 0.449, p < 0.001) in relation to the morning cluster (r = 0.332, p < 0.001). These findings showed a strong temporal dependency of the skin conductance level of the EDA to the operative temperature, following the person’s circadian rhythm. Even further, based on the person’s chronotype, the beginning of the “afternoon” cluster was observed to have shifted according to the person’s circadian rhythm. Furthermore, the study is able to show how the body reacts differently under the same PMV values, both within and between subjects; pointing to the lack of temporal parameter in the PMV model.

Defense Mechanism Test and Electrodermal Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Bogren ◽  
Inga-Britt Bogren ◽  
Lars-Håkan Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Schizophrenic Disorder ◽  
Model Situation ◽  
Defence Strategies ◽  
Conductance Level

Electrodermal activity was registered during examination with the Defense Mechanism Test of 21 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorder, affective disorder, or schizophrenic disorder. The test can be interpreted as a model situation of how a person defends himself against a threat to avoid anxiety. We used Andersson's modified version of the test and tested the hypothesis that electrodermal activity should increase when there were responses categorised as Anxiety and decrease when there were responses categorised as defences or when the threat was correctly identified. We found significant increase in all electrodermal variables in connection with responses categorised as Anxiety. After exposures with responses categorised as Isolation, the maximal skin conductance level and the magnitude of late nonspecific responses were significantly decreased. After exposures when the threat was identified and thus no longer subliminal, the electrodermal activity was significantly decreased. All these findings support our hypothesis. After exposures with responses categorised as Denial all electrodermal variables were significantly increased. Similarly in responses categorised as Repression, Introaggression, and Disavowal or denial of hero's sex the frequency of late nonspecific responses were significantly increased. The increased electrodermal activity could be due to insufficient defence strategies as categorised in the Defense Mechanism Test.

Effects of Provocation on Emotions and Aggression: An Experimental Study with Aggressive Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Stadler ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Sibylle Steuber ◽  
Fritz Poustka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Competitive Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Conduct Disordered ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Conductance Level

In this study, the effects of an experimental-induced provocation on emotions and aggression were examined in 34 aggressive conduct-disordered children using a competitive reaction time paradigm. Two experimental conditions were created, an increasing provocation and a low constant provocation condition. Self-rated anger was assessed directly after provocation on a 5-point-visual scale. In addition, negative and positive emotions as well as physiological measures (heart rate and skin conductance level) were measured at baseline and after provocation. Results revealed that participants’ aggressive behaviour and subjective emotions differed as a function of the opponent’s level of provocation. Concerning physiological parameters, no significant differences were found between the experimental conditions. These results suggest that affective, but not physiological variables characterize reactive aggression in conduct-disordered children.

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