scholarly journals Research on Spatial Channel Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Channel in Roadside Scattering Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Yong Fang ◽  
Weidong Xiang ◽  
Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channel ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Spatial Channel Model ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, an extension of spatial channel model (SCM) for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication channel in roadside scattering environment is investigated for the first time theoretically and by simulations. Subsequently, to efficiently describe the roadside scattering environment and reflect the nonstationary properties of V2V channels, the proposed SCM V2V model divides the scattering objects into three categories of clusters according to the location of effective scatterers by introducing critical distance. We derive general expressions for the most important statistical properties of V2V channels, such as channel impulse response, power spectral density, angular power density, autocorrelation function, and Doppler spread of the proposed model. The impact of vehicle speed, traffic density, and angle of departure, angle of arrival, and other statistical performances on the V2V channel model is thoroughly discussed. Numerical simulation results are presented to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model.

scholarly journals The Impact of Antenna Height on 3D-MIMO Channel: a Ray Launching Based Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Hong ◽  
Jiliang Zhang ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Haonan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
3D Mimo ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ray Launching

Three dimension (3D) Multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) scheme, which exploits another dimension of the spatial resource, is one of the enabling technologies for the next generation mobile communication. As the elevation angle in 3D-MIMO channel model might varies against the height of the base station transmit antenna, it has to be taken into account carefully. In this paper, the impact of antenna height on the channel characteristics of 3D MIMO channel is investigated by using the intelligent ray launching algorithm (IRLA). Three typical street scenarios, i.e., the straight street, the fork road and the cross road, are selected as benchmarks. On the basis of simulations, joint and marginal probability density functions (PDFs) of both the elevation angle of departure (EAoD) and the elevation angle of arrival (EAoA) are obtained. The elevation angle spread (AS) and the delay spread (DS) under various antenna heights are also discussed. Simulation results indicate that the PDFs of EAoD and EAoA vary characteristics under different street scenarios. Moreover, the minimum value of the DS can be achieved when the antenna height is half of the building height.

scholarly journals Simulation and Analysis of Extended Spatial Channel Model in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Yaolin Zhu ◽  
Yong Fang
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Communication Environments ◽  
Spatial Channel Model ◽  
V2v Communications

In this paper, an extension spatial channel model (SCM) for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications is proposed. To efficiently illustrate the real-world scenarios and reflect nonstationary properties of V2V channels, all effective scattering objects are subdivided into three categories of clusters according to the relative position of clusters. Besides, a birth-death process is introduced to model the appearance and disappearance of clusters on both the array and time axes. Their impacts on V2V channels are investigated via statistical properties including correlation functions. Additionally, a closed-form expression of channel impulse response (CIR) is derived from an extension SCM and cluster-based models. Furthermore, the spatial and frequency statistical properties of the reference model are thoroughly investigated. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed SCM V2V model is in close agreement with previously reported results, thereby validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Analisis Dampak Lalulintas Exit Tol Jatikarya Terhadap Jalan Transyogi Cibubur Jawa Barat (Tol Cimanggis-Cibitung)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darmadi Ir
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Traffic Impact ◽  
The Impact

Transyogi Road is the main road used by transportation originating from the Depok city, Bogor district, Bekasi city and Bekasi district. The Transyogi Road and the networks connected to it have experienced a significant increase in traffic density each year, this fact is based on the indicator level of the VC ratio on the Transyogi and surrounding road segments which have reached 0.8 at busy times. With the increase in trips generated from Bekasi Regency and an increase in residential density in Depok and Bogor, it has the potential to increase generation and the traffic attraction from and to the area is affecting by the construction of the Cimanggis - Cibitung toll road. This Traffic Impact Analysis aims to predict the impact of the construction of the Cimanggis - Cibitung Toll Road on the Jatikarya exit, and determine the form of improvement needed, harmonize the decisions regarding land use with traffic conditions, the number and location of access, and alternative improvements . This study method uses 4 (four) transportation modeling, analysis of road capacity, vehicle speed .. From the results of this study, it was concluded that before the toll road the Transyogi road had a performance with a V / C ratio of 0.8 and an average speed of 20 km / hour (if do nothing), while after the exit of the jatikarya toll was operated the V / C ratio was 0.7 and the average speed is 23 km / h (do nothing). While the performance of Transyogi road in the design year 2025 without performing geometric improvements (do nothing) has a road performance with a V / C ratio of 0.98 and an average speed of 12-13 km / hr. While if performance changes are made with capacity building traffic management arrangements, predictive traffic conditions in 2025 traffic performance will be obtained with a v / c ratio of an average of 0.7 with an average speed of 26 km / hour (do something).

scholarly journals Channel Modeling and Analysis for the Sensor Network Inside Tower Buildings

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2154
Author(s):  
Wenping Xie ◽  
Xiaomin Chen ◽  
Kai Mao ◽  
Yuxin Liu ◽  
Lugao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Channel Parameters ◽  
Different Dimensions

Symmetry-based channel digital twin is a great technology which can reproduce the communication channel of real scenes for performance evaluation of the wireless sensor network (WSN) inside tower buildings, based on the ray tracing (RT) method and machine learning (ML) theories, a cluster-based channel model is proposed in this paper. Meanwhile, an improved k-means method, which considers the weight of different dimensions in the multipath component distance (MCD) is presented for clustering, which has better clustering performance over the sparsity-based algorithm and traditional k-means algorithm. Moreover, the channel parameters such as cluster delay and cluster power are also investigated. On this basis, the communication performance of WSN, i.e., bit error rate (BER) and channel capacity are derived and analyzed. The simulation and analysis results show that the cluster model based on the RT method can get approximately equivalent channel impulse response (CIR), and the BER of proposed model is consistent with the simulated one. These results can provide reference for the node layout and optimization of WSN inside tower buildings.

scholarly journals A Measurement Based Shadow Fading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network Simulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taimoor Abbas ◽  
Katrin Sjöberg ◽  
Johan Karedal ◽  
Fredrik Tufvesson
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
System Level ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Shadow Fading ◽  
Video Information ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) propagation channel has significant implications on the design and performance of novel communication protocols for vehicularad hocnetworks (VANETs). Extensive research efforts have been made to develop V2V channel models to be implemented in advanced VANET system simulators for performance evaluation. The impact of shadowing caused by other vehicles has, however, largely been neglected in most of the models, as well as in the system simulations. In this paper we present a shadow fading model targeting system simulations based on real measurements performed in urban and highway scenarios. The measurement data is separated into three categories, line-of-sight (LOS), obstructed line-of-sight (OLOS) by vehicles, and non-line-of-sight due to buildings, with the help of video information recorded during the measurements. It is observed that vehicles obstructing the LOS induce an additional average attenuation of about 10 dB in the received signal power. An approach to incorporate the LOS/OLOS model into existing VANET simulators is also provided. Finally, system level VANET simulation results are presented, showing the difference between the LOS/OLOS model and a channel model based on Nakagami-mfading.

scholarly journals Geometry-Based Channel Modelling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jalel Chebil ◽  
Hanene Zormati ◽  
Jamel Belhadj Taher
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Channel Models ◽  
Channel Modelling ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication has received a lot of attention over recent years since it can improve the efficiency and safety of roads for drivers and travellers besides other numerous applications. However dynamic nature of this environment makes it difficult to come up with a suitable wireless communication channel model that can be used in the simulation of any V2V communication system. This paper reviews the recent techniques used for geometry-based stochastic channel modelling for V2V communication. It starts by presenting the various classes of wireless communication channel models available in the literature with more emphasis on the Geometry-Based Stochastic channel Models (GBSM). Then the paper discusses in more detail the state of the art of the regular-shaped and irregular-shaped GBSM for the two- and three-dimensional models. Finally, main challenges are identified and future research directions in this area are recommended.

Test of Mediation and Moderation between Employee Empathy and Customers’ Advocacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ahmad Afridi ◽  
Asad Shahjehan ◽  
Maqsood Haider ◽  
Dr Uzma Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
First Line ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Moderator

This study examined the impact of employee empathy on customers’ advocacy directly and indirectly through customers’ loyalty. Moreover, the interacting effect of customers’ trust was verified between the association of customers’ loyalty and advocacy. The attributes of the proposed model were examined in the context of first line employee and patients’ interactions. A total of 220 responses were collected for analysis from the private hospitals of Peshawar. The model fitness was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses were examined. Findings confirmed the positive and significant impact of employee empathy on customers’ advocacy. Further, the mediating effect was examined and found that loyalty partially mediates employee empathy and customers’ advocacy. Additionally, trust was found a significant moderator between the association of customer loyalty and advocacy. Furthermore, findings revealed that trust based loyalty significantly and positively mediates employee empathy and customers’ advocacy. Findings of the present study provide understanding for the service sector, particularly in healthcare, to enhance customers’ loyalty, advocacy, and trust through service employee’s empathic aptitude. Keywords: Employee empathy, Service Eco-system, Customers’ Loyalty, Customers’ Advocacy, Trust-Based Loyalty, Healthcare, S-D Logic

The impact of duration observations on precision of results GNSS measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 921 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Grishko
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Actual Error ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

This paper shows that the accuracy of relative satellite measurements depend not only on the length of the baseline, as it is regulated by the rating formula of accuracy of GNSS equipment, but also on the duration of observations. As a result of the strict adjustment much redundant satellite networks with different duration of observations obtained covariance matrix of baselines, the most realistic reflecting the actual error of satellite observations. Research of forms of communication of these errors from length of the baseline and duration of its measurement is executed. A significant influence of solar activity on accuracy of satellite measurements, in general, leads to unequal similar series of measurements made at different periods, for example, in the production of monitoring activities. The model of approximation of the functional dependence of accuracy of the baseline from its length and duration of observations having good qualitative characteristics is offered. Based on the proposed model, we analyzed the dynamics of changes in measurement accuracy with an increase in observation time.

scholarly journals Lane Departure Warning Estimation Using Yaw Acceleration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Em Poh Ping ◽  
J. Hossen ◽  
Wong Eng Kiong
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Lane Departure Warning ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Lane Departure ◽  
Proposed Model

AbstractLane departure collisions have contributed to the traffic accidents that cause millions of injuries and tens of thousands of casualties per year worldwide. Due to vision-based lane departure warning limitation from environmental conditions that affecting system performance, a model-based vehicle dynamics framework is proposed for estimating the lane departure event by using vehicle dynamics responses. The model-based vehicle dynamics framework mainly consists of a mathematical representation of 9-degree of freedom system, which permitted to pitch, roll, and yaw as well as to move in lateral and longitudinal directions with each tire allowed to rotate on its axle axis. The proposed model-based vehicle dynamics framework is created with a ride model, Calspan tire model, handling model, slip angle, and longitudinal slip subsystems. The vehicle speed and steering wheel angle datasets are used as the input in vehicle dynamics simulation for predicting lane departure event. Among the simulated vehicle dynamic responses, the yaw acceleration response is observed to provide earlier insight in predicting the future lane departure event compared to other vehicle dynamics responses. The proposed model-based vehicle dynamics framework had shown the effectiveness in estimating lane departure using steering wheel angle and vehicle speed inputs.

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