scholarly journals Effect of Planting Density and Harvest Interval on the Leaf Yield and Quality of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) under Diverse Agroecological Conditions of Northern South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Mabapa ◽  
K. K. Ayisi ◽  
I. K. Mariga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Fodder Crops

Smallholder livestock farmers who depend on natural communal grazing lands are particularly vulnerable to climate change as well as to food insecurity and should be encouraged to grow drought-tolerant fodder crops. Moringa oleifera is a highly valued plant, due to its exceptionally high nutritional content. This study was conducted at two experimental sites in the Limpopo province of northern South Africa to evaluate for the first time the effect of plant density and cutting interval on biomass production and chemical composition of moringa grown under two diverse climatic conditions. Four different planting densities (435,000, 300,000, 200,000, and 100,000 plants/ha) were arranged in a randomized complete block design and experimental samples were replicated four times. Data for biomass and gravimetric soil moisture content were collected each time the plants reached a height of 50 cm. Harvested leaves were analysed for chemical composition. An increase in the plant density led to elevated biomass production at both study locations, ranging between 527 and 2867 kg/ha. Moringa is capable of meeting all nutrient requirements of livestock depending on harvest time and location.

scholarly journals Seasonal Effect on Growth Performance and Leaf Biomass Production of Two Moringa oleifera Lam. Varieties Grown under Sahelian Condition in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
François Wenemi Kagambèga ◽  
Abdoul Rasmane Bagagnan ◽  
Augustine Ayantunde ◽  
Louis Sawadogo
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Foliar Biomass

Aims: An experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance of two varieties of Moringa oleifera (wild variety and PKM-1) under different seasonal period at two locations in northern Burkina Faso, and the potential for improving household nutrition. Study Design, Place and Duration of Study: Two separate trials corresponding to sowing period (cold and warm) were laid out at each site (Bani and Tougou) in a completely randomized block design with three replicates between December 2017 and September 2018. Methodology: Each block was subdivided into two plots of 8 m² (separated from each other by 3 m break) intended to receive each variety of Moringa at each sowing period. The seeds were sown with 2 seeds by pit at 2 cm depth with spacing of 0.5 m x 0.5 m in each plot ploughed up to 30 cm. Watering was done daily during the dry season and consisted of applying 24 liters of water in each plot at two times. Vegetative growth measurements (plant height, number of leaves) were done weekly while leaf biomass production was assessed monthly from the 40th day after sowing. Results: The results showed that seedlings growth parameters and foliar biomass differed significantly (p < 0.001) among the two Moringa oleifera varieties and were influenced by the sowing period and sites. Although the two varieties grew well, Moringa oleifera var PKM-1 grew faster and produced much leaves compared to the wild or local variety. Then, greater growth attributes (height and number of leaves) and foliar biomass were noted for PKM-1. Conclusion: The warm period (March / April) appear to be the most recommendable period for the growth and biomass accumulation of the two varieties of Moringa oleifera.

scholarly journals Chicken Manure and Phosphorus Influence on Biomass Production and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Vânia Tomazelli de Lima ◽  
Maria do Carmo Vieira ◽  
Anelise Samara Nazari Formagio ◽  
Néstor Antonio Heredia Zárate ◽  
Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

The effects of soil incorporation of five rates of semi-decomposed chicken manure (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1), with and without the addition of phosphorus (200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on biomass production and chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of African blue basil were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 &times; 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first cut of plants was performed at 70 days after transplanting (DAT) and the second at 140 DAT. The addition of 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure to the soil induced increase in plants height, fresh and dry mass production and yield of essential oil. The use of chicken manure induced an increase in camphor content and decreased content of 1,8 cineole. After regrowth, biomass production of African blue basil was higher when compared to the first cut.

scholarly journals Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) variation in biomass and total flavonoid content in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridwan RIDWAN ◽  
Hamim Hamim ◽  
Suharsono SUHARSONO ◽  
Nuril Hidayati ◽  
INDRA GUNAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Superior Genotype

Abstract. Ridwan, Hamim, Suharsono, Hidayati N, Gunawan I. 2021. Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) variation in biomass and total flavonoid content in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 493-500. Utilization of a drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf has recently increased worldwide which consequently cause the increase in global demand. Indonesia, as a tropical country with large area, has a great potential to become a center for drumstick cultivation and leaf production. Drumstick distribution scattered in almost all of the islands of Indonesia has another potential for obtaining superior genotype variabilities. The aim of this study was to select the drumstick accessions from several islands in Indonesia with high leaf biomass production and flavonoid content. This experiment was carried out in the field using ten accessions of drumstick from ten islands in Indonesia, namely Sumatra, Java, Madura, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Drumstick seeds were planted in polybags with a capacity of 10 kg and arranged using a randomized block design with three replications. The parameters observed were plant growth, biomass production, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The results of this study found that Sumatra accession was the accession which had the highest leaf biomass production in combination with the uppermost total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity compared to others. Sumatra accession is recommended as an excellent accession for cultivation with the aim of producing flavonoids.

scholarly journals Effect and interaction of crop management factors and crop year on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Karamchand Bramdeo ◽  
Tamás Rátonyi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Factors

The aim of this study was to determine the combination of treatment levels of crop management factors which can optimize and sustain maize yield under varying climatic conditions. The effect of winter wheat forecrop, three tillage systems (Mouldboard-MT, Strip-ST, Ripper-RT), two planting densities (60,000 & 80,000 plants ha-1), three fertilizer levels (N0-control, N80, N160 kg ha-1) with four replications in irrigated and non-irrigated treatments were evaluated over a five year period, 2015–2019. The obtained results revealed that growing season rainfall positively correlated with yield, whereas, temperature negatively correlated with yield. Impact of adverse weather on yield was less severe in biculture, irrigated plots, at lower planting density (60,000), lower fertilizer rate (N80) and in RT and ST, compared to MT. In years with favorable rainfall, yields of MT and RT were significantly (P<0.05) higher than ST. However, in a less favorable year, such as 2015, with 299 mm growing season rainfall and the lowest July rainfall (59% below mean) there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in yield among the three tillage treatments. Higher planting density (80,000), and fertilization rate (N160) in tandem with MT are treatments combination conducive for high yield under favorable climatic conditions, whereas, in years with low rainfall and high temperatures, RT and ST offer alternative to MT for optimum yield with 60,000 plants ha-1 and N80 treatment level. Crop year effect accounted for 20.7% of yield variance, fertilization 35.8%, forecrop 12.8%, plant density 3.4%, tillage 1.2% and irrigation <1%. It is conclusive that with proper selection of the appropriate levels of agrotechnological inputs the adverse effect of weather on yield can be mitigated.

scholarly journals Response of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) to Varying Levels of Plant Density and Nitrogen

2021 ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
M. Niharika ◽  
G. E. C. H. Vidya Sagar ◽  
K. Bhanu Rekha ◽  
T. Anjaiah
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana. The present study was conducted to know the effect of different planting densities and nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of Finger millet. The soil of experimental site was loamy sand type, slightly acidic in pH (6.43), non-saline in EC (0.15 dSm-1), low in organic carbon (0.42%), low in available N (201.6 kg ha-1), medium in available P (25.3 kg ha-1), low in available K (236.25 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice with 12 treatments combinations consisting of four nitrogen levels (0 %, 50%, 100% and 150% RDN) and three levels of planting density (S1-solid rows × 15 cm, S2- 30 cm × 15 cm, S3- 25 cm × 15 cm). Results indicated that S1-solid rows × 15 cm recorded highest plant height, number of tillers m-2, dry matter production (g m-2) and S3- 25 cm × 15 cm recorded highest leaf area plant-1 and yield. Application of 150% RDN recorded highest plant growth parameters, grain yield and straw yield. However, it was on par with 100% RDN. It was concluded that planting density of 25 cm × 15 cm among spacings and 100% N among nitrogen levels proved to be a viable option for getting higher productivity and profit under rainfed conditions of central agro climatic zone of Telangana.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF N FERTILITY, PLANT DENSITY AND CULTIVAR ON YIELD OF DILL

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165f-1165
Author(s):  
Owusu Bandele ◽  
Xenia Wolff ◽  
Byron Belvitt ◽  
Justin Egbe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Long Island ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Two experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1990 to determine the effects of planting density, N fertilizer rate, and cultivar on fresh yield of dill. A split plot design was used in the first experiment in which planting density (one versus two rows per bed) was the main plot treatment and N rate (0, 56, 112 kg/ha) was the subplot treatment. A European cultivar, `Crown,' was used in the first experiment in 1988 while `Long Island Mammoth' was planted in 1990, N was applied in split applications while both K2 O and P2 O5 were preplant incorporated at the rate of 134 kg/ha. Planting was done on bedded rows approximately 66 cm wide and 15 cm high. N fertilizer application did not affect yield in 1988. Leaf, stem, flower, and total yields were greater for the high density planting. The second experiment evaluated yield of four cultivars (`Tetra,' `Bouquet.' `Long Island Mammoth,' and `Crown') using a randomized complete block design. `Long Island Mammoth' and `Tetra' produced greater leaf and total fresh weight while `Long Island Mammoth' and `Bouquet' produced greater flower fresh weight.

scholarly journals Yield and quality of tomato grown in a hydroponic system, with different planting densities and number of bunches per plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Barcellos Cardoso ◽  
Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez ◽  
Derly José Henriques da Silva ◽  
Carla do Carmo Milagres ◽  
José Geraldo Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hydroponic System

ABSTRACT Obtaining a high yield of good quality fruits is one of the main challenges of the tomato crop. The enhancement in plant density promotes a reduction in the fruit fresh mass and an increase the yield per area. On the other hand, commercialization parameters take into account number and fresh mass of fruits. This study aimed at evaluating the yield and fruit quality of indeterminate growth hybrid tomato (Rebeca), cultivated in a hydroponic system, with different planting densities and number of bunches per plant. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, in a sub-irrigation system containing expanded clay as substrate. A split-plot randomized block design, with three replications, was used. In the plots, four planting densities (11.1 plants m-2, 8.3 plants m-2, 6.6 plants m-2 and 5.5 plants m-2) were allocated and, in the subplots, the number of bunches per plant (one or two). The total yield was influenced by the interaction planting density x number of bunches per plant. The treatment that allowed the highest yield was 11.1 plants m-2 with two bunches, with 22.61 kg m-2 or 226.1 t ha-1, in a crop cycle of 134 days. The observed variations for the nutrient contents of leaves and fruits of tomato plants with one or two bunches, at densities of 5.5-11.1 plants m-2, do not compromise the fruit quality nor influence the production of tradable fruits, using the hydroponic system.

scholarly journals COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS OF SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION OF Brassica Napus L. Varchinensis (PECHAY) USING DIFFERENT METHODS OF CULTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Eunice L. Lluz ◽  
Madelyn Yruma
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Density ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Direct Seeded

A Cost and return analysis of small scale production of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay) production using different methods of cultivation was evaluated based on the growth and yield performance of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay) from field trial. An experiment was undertaken involving four treatments with two methods of planting and two levels of plant density and layed out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with replications.  Results showed that the survival rate and growth of Brassica napus L. varchinensis (Pechay) based on the actual number of plants, transplanted plant with high density plants was significantly higher compared to other treatments indicating that transplanted Pechay at high density planting is favorable than other methods. The fresh weight of Pechay after 30 days of cultivation using direct seeding (T1 and T2) was significantly higher compared to T3 and T4.  Partial cost and return analysis in direct seeded Pechay at high planting density were the most profitable while transplanting Pechay seedling at low density planting was the least profitable.

scholarly journals Chives production according to planting density

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e108997085
Author(s):  
Bruno Novaes Menezes Martins ◽  
Jean Lucas Mendes Castro ◽  
Joara Secchi Candian ◽  
Leticia Galhardo Jorge ◽  
Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Ideal

In the search for optimization of production, the use of the ideal plant density is of fundamental importance. So, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of planting densities on chive production, varying the spacing between holes and the number of plants per hole. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with twelve treatments in the 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with four spacings between holes (0.05, 0.08, 0.11 and 0.14 m) and three numbers of plants per hole (2, 3 and 4 plants per hole), with four replicates. Leaf number, plant height, leaf diameter, fresh and dry shoot weight (g plant-1) and yield (t ha-1) were evaluated. It was observed that with a greater number of plants per hole, there is reduction in the production per plant, however, the yield is higher. The smaller the spacing, the greater the yield of chives. So it is possible to recommend the higher plant density for chive production, and the use of three or four plants per hole.

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