scholarly journals Assessing Cognitive Estimation and Its Effects on Community Integration in People with Acquired Brain Injury Undergoing Rehabilitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dónal G. Fortune ◽  
Helen L. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Cognitive Estimation ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Total Scale Score ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Biber Cognitive Estimation Test

The purpose of the present study was to examine the convergent and divergent validity of the Biber Cognitive Estimation Test (BCET) in individuals with ABI undergoing postacute rehabilitation and to assess the measure’s ability to account for unique variance in community integration following rehabilitation. Participants with ABI referred for postacute rehabilitation (N=201) were assessed on the BCET and a number of other neuropsychological tests that have been demonstrated to rely on aspects of executive processing (Trail-Making Test, Modified Six Elements Test, and verbal fluency measures) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Internal consistency of the total BCET was good; however, interpretable solutions for existing subscales were not discerned. The BCET total score demonstrated positive associations with tests of executive functioning; however, it was also significantly associated with more general aspects of neuropsychological functioning suggesting that it does not solely assess executive processes in ABI patients undergoing rehabilitation. Hierarchical multiple regression suggested that the BCET accounted for significant additional variance in community integration after severity of disability, executive functioning, and more general aspects of neuropsychological status were statistically controlled. While the subscale structure of the BCET may be somewhat inconsistent, the total scale score accounts for some unique variance in pragmatic rehabilitation outcome and may be a useful tool in postacute rehabilitation assessment protocols.

Executive functioning mediates the link between other neuropsychological domains and daily functioning: a Project FRONTIER study

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid E. O'Bryant ◽  
Jed Falkowski ◽  
Valerie Hobson ◽  
Leigh Johnson ◽  
James Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Health Project ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments

ABSTRACTBackground: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating impact of executive functioning on the link between other neuropsychological domain scores and informant-based rating of functional status.Methods: Data on 181 participants were analyzed from an ongoing epidemiological study of rural health, Project FRONTIER (mean age = 64.6 ± 13.8 years, 69% women, 42% Mexican American). Executive functioning was assessed by the EXIT25 and other neuropsychological domains were assessed via the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Informant-based rating of functional status was assessed via the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes scores (CDR SB).Results: RBANS Index scores were each significantly (p < 0.05) related to CDR SB scores and EXIT25 scores. EXIT25 score was a significant partial mediator of the link between four RBANS indices (Immediate Memory, Attention, Visuospatial/Construction, Delayed Memory) and CDR SB scores, and a complete mediator of the fifth index (Language).Conclusion: Executive functioning is a mediator of the link between other neuropsychological domains and daily functioning. Neuropsychological assessments that do not measure executive functioning will provide only a partial clinical picture with adults and elders.

scholarly journals Cognitive Rehabilitation and Exposure/Sorting Therapy for Late-Life Hoarding: Effects on Neuropsychological Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R Ayers ◽  
Eliza J Davidson ◽  
Mary E Dozier ◽  
Elizabeth W Twamley
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Executive Functioning Deficits

Abstract Objectives Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterized by urges to save items, difficulty discarding possessions, and excessive clutter and has been associated with executive functioning deficits. A randomized controlled trial comparing Cognitive Rehabilitation and Exposure/Sorting Therapy (CREST) with a care management control condition demonstrated the efficacy of CREST in reducing hoarding symptoms in older adults. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether CREST may also lead to improved executive functioning. Method All participants were administered a neurocognitive battery at baseline and posttreatment. Linear mixed models with random intercepts were used to evaluate change in global neuropsychological functioning as well as change in individual executive functioning variables. Results There was no significant group by time interaction for the Global Deficit score; however, there were significant group by time interactions on two of the executive functioning variables examined, such that participants in the CREST condition demonstrated significant improvement in cognitive flexibility and inhibition over time compared with the participants in the care management condition. Discussion Our initial findings support the notion that CREST may be able to improve task switching, an important component of executive functioning, in older adults with HD.

scholarly journals Examination of Regression-based Discrepancy Scores for the RBANS in Detecting Cognitive Impairment from an Archival Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F Goette ◽  
Andrew L Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Total Scale Score ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of regression-based formulas for the RBANS indexes in screening for cognitive impairment. Method A database of neuropsychological test results was created from archival records in a memory assessment clinic. The sample consisted of 83 individuals (37 males/46 females) with an average age of 70.1 (SD = 9.8) and 14.6 years of education (SD = 2.8). Diagnostic accuracy of regression-based predictions provided by Duff and Ramezani (2015) (Duff, K., & Ramezani, A. (2015). Regression-based normative formulae for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status for older adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 600–604.) and from regression of WTAR standard score were examined via receiver operator characteristic curves. Preliminary generalizability investigation was completed using two additional datasets. Results The WTAR was found to mediate the relationship between education and all RBANS index scores. The WTAR standard score was also found to contribute uniquely and significantly to the prediction of RBANS performance. Results of diagnostic accuracy analyses showed similar discriminating accuracy for all scores. There was limited support for using the WTAR over demographic variables alone in the estimation of RBANS performance; however, the WTAR was found to be more predictive than education, indicating potential clinical utility to using the word-reading score over just years of attained education. Conclusions Use of these derived Total Scale score variants is recommended for the screening of cognitive impairment, particularly in individuals with superior or poor educational quality. Further research is required to evaluate the utility of these variations in more diverse samples.

Cognitive and reactive control processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Jarrett ◽  
Ansley Tullos Gilpin ◽  
Jillian M. Pierucci ◽  
Ana T. Rondon
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Reactive Control ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be identified in the preschool years, but little is known about the correlates of ADHD symptoms in preschool children. Research to date suggests that factors such as temperament, personality, and neuropsychological functioning may be important in understanding the development of early ADHD symptomatology. The current study sought to extend this research by examining how cognitive and reactive control processes predict ADHD symptoms. Data were drawn from a larger study that measured the cognitive, social, and emotional functioning of preschool children. Eighty-seven children (aged 4–6 years) were evaluated using teacher report and laboratory task measures relevant to cognitive control (i.e., conscientiousness, working memory) and reactive control (i.e., neuroticism, delay of gratification) processes. In multiple regression analyses, cognitive control variables added unique variance in the prediction of both inattention and hyperactivity, but only reactive control variables added unique variance in the prediction of hyperactivity. The current findings align with past research suggesting that cognitive control processes (e.g., conscientiousness) are related to both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, while reactive control processes (e.g., neuroticism) are more strongly related to hyperactivity/impulsivity in preschool children. Future longitudinal research utilizing various methods and measures is needed to understand how cognitive and reactive control processes contribute to ADHD symptom development.

scholarly journals Executive functioning and psychopathological profile in relatives of individuals with deficitv.non-deficit schizophrenia: a pilot study

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Scala ◽  
A. Lasalvia ◽  
L. J. Seidman ◽  
D. Cristofalo ◽  
C. Bonetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Deficit Syndrome ◽  
First Degree Relatives

Aims.Heterogeneity of schizophrenia is known to be reflected in neuropsychological functioning of patients, but its expression in relatives is understudied. This study aims at exploring relationship between executive functioning and clinical profiles of first-degree relatives of patients who are classified as having or not having the deficit subtype of schizophrenia (DSRELsv.non-DSRELs), with the prediction of greater executive impairment in DSRELs.Methods.DSRELs (n = 15) and non-DSRELs (n = 40) were compared with community controls (CCs,n = 55) on executive functioning measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the phonemic verbal fluency (PVF), and clinical measures. Effects of psychopathology and intelligence quotient (IQ) measures were investigated to determine their association with executive performance.Results.DSRELs showed more executive dysfunction on WCST and poorer social functioning than CCs and more severe negative symptoms than non-DSRELs. Differences on WCST-categories achieved (WCST-CA) remained significant after adjustment for clinical confounders and IQ. WCST-CA was associated with apathy and paranoid ideation only within the DSREL subgroup.Conclusions.Executive functioning and negative symptoms are severely impaired in first-degree relatives of deficit syndrome patients, thus suggesting that some neurocognitive deficits in patients may be transmitted within families according to the pathophysiology of the probands.

A-18 Early Pattern of Cognitive Changes Associated with Insulin Resistance in a Sample of Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1059
Author(s):  
Sana Arastu ◽  
Juan Gonzalez ◽  
Nicole E Greenberg ◽  
Emma L Lucas ◽  
Tonita E Wroolie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Motor Abilities

Abstract Objective Insulin resistance increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and subsequently cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. It is also linked to neurocognitive disorders and accelerated cognitive aging (Ekblad et al, 2017; Levine, Harrati, & Crimmins, 2018). Using baseline data from a longitudinal study in a sample of 126 cognitively intact adults aged 25–50 years (36.5% males), we assessed cognitive performance in relation to insulin resistance to determine whether an early prodromal pattern of cognitive changes exists prior to advanced metabolic disease. Methods Steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) was used to measure insulin resistance. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted using age, years of education, body mass index (BMI), and SSPG as predictors of neuropsychological functioning. In-person and tele-neuropsychological assessment was administered using standard neuropsychological measures. Results Higher insulin resistance was associated with significantly worse attention (WAIS-III Digit Span total; B = -0.018, p = 0.03), executive functioning (D-KEFS Color-Word Inhibition/Switching; B = 0.047, p = 0.04) and dominant fine motor abilities (Purdue Pegboard; B = -0.008, p = 0.02). Higher insulin resistance was also associated with trend level worsening of other measures of executive functioning, namely D-KEFS Trails 4 (B = 0.099, p = 0.07) and DKEFS Color-Word Inhibition errors (B = 0.007, p = 0.09). Conclusions In young adults, higher insulin resistance was associated with declines in attention, executive functioning, and fine motor abilities. This early pattern of subtle cognitive changes associated with higher insulin resistance seen in this sample of younger adults is consistent with later cognitive declines found in type 2 diabetes and vascular neurocognitive disorder, namely declines in attention, executive functioning, and motor abilities with eventual memory declines in advanced disease.

scholarly journals The relationship of neuropsychological functioning to adaptation outcome in adolescents with spina bifida

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMY K. HEFFELFINGER ◽  
JENNIFER I. KOOP ◽  
PHILIP S. FASTENAU ◽  
TIMOTHY J. BREI ◽  
LISA CONANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescents with spina bifida (SB) vary in their ability to adapt to the disease, and it is likely that numerous risk and protective factors affect adaptation outcomes. The primary aim was to test neuropsychological impairment, exemplified herein by executive dysfunction, as a risk factor in the Ecological Model of Adaptation for Adolescents with SB. Specific hypotheses were that: (1) executive functioning predicts the adaptation outcome of functional independence in adolescents with SB; (2) executive functioning mediates the impact of neurological severity on functional independence; and (3) family and adolescent protective factors are related to functional independence and moderate the relationship between executive functioning and functional independence. Forty-three adolescents aged 12–21 years completed neuropsychological measures and an interview that assessed risk, adolescent and family protective factors, and functional independence. Age, level of lesion, executive functioning, and the protective factor adolescent activities were significantly correlated with the functional independence outcome. In hierarchical regression analysis, the model accounted for 61% of the variance in functional independence outcomes. Executive functioning mediated the impact of neurological severity on functional independence. (JINS, 2008, 14, 793–804.)

scholarly journals The Magnitude and Effect of Work-Life Imbalance on Cognition and Affective Range among the Non-Western Population: A Study from Muscat.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Al Adawi ◽  
Mohamad Alameddine ◽  
Muna Al-Saadoon ◽  
Amal A. Al Balushi ◽  
Moon Fai Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Work-life balance/imbalance has been increasingly recognized as being critically involved in poor adjustment in occupational settings. Little has been forthcoming on cognitive functioning among those with work-life imbalance. This study was to explore the rate of work-life imbalance, variation in neuropsychological functioning. The relationship between mood and work-life balance was also explored. The target population in this study are Omani nationals who were referred for psychometric evaluation. The study employs neuropsychology measures tapping into attention and concentration, learning and remembering, processing speed, and executive functioning. Subjective measures of cognitive decline and affective ranges were also explored. A total of 168 subjects (75.3% of the responders) were considered to be at a work-life imbalance. Multivariate analysis showed that demographic and neuropsychological variables were significant risk factors for work-life imbalance including age and the presence of anxiety disorder. Furthermore, participants indicating work-life imbalance were more likely to report cognitive decline on indices of attention and concentration and learning and remembering. This study reveals that individuals with work-life imbalance might dent the integrity of cognition including attention and concentration, learning and remembering, executive functioning, and endorsed caseness for anxiety.

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