scholarly journals Antiobesity Effects of Anthocyanins in Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Azzini ◽  
Jasminka Giacometti ◽  
Gian Luigi Russo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Health And Well Being

The natural phytochemicals present in foods, including anthocyanins, might play a role in attenuating obesity by producing a decrease in weight and adipose tissue. This review focused on current knowledge about anthocyanins’ role in obesity and its related comorbidities reported in animal models and humans. We summarized their target identification and mechanism of action through several pathways and their final effects on health and well-being. Into consideration of ongoing researches, we highlighted the following key points: a healthy relationship between anthocyanin supplementation and antiobesity effects suffers of the same pros and cons evidenced when the beneficial responses to other phytochemical treatments towards different degenerative diseases have been considered; the different dosage applied in animal versus clinical studies; the complex metabolism and biotransformation to which anthocyanins and phytochemicals are subjected in the intestine and tissues; the possibility that different components present in the supplemented mixtures can interact generating antagonistic, synergistic, or additive effects difficult to predict, and the difference between prevention and therapy. The evolution of the field must seriously consider the need to establish new and adequate cellular and animal models which may, in turn, allow the design of more efficient and prevention-targeted clinical studies.

Comparing a clinician-assisted and app-supported behavioral activation intervention to promote brain health and well-being in frontline care

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Keri-Leigh Cassidy ◽  
Michael Vallis ◽  
David Conn ◽  
Ariane S. Massie ◽  
Claire Checkland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health And Well Being

ABSTRACT Background: Positive psychiatry offers an unique approach to promote brain health and well-being in aging populations. Minimal interventions through behavioral activation to promote wellness are increasingly available using self-guided apps, yet little is known about the effectiveness of app technology or the difference between clinician-supported behavioral activation versus self-guided app methodologies. Objectives: Investigate the difference in users and outcomes between two methods of the Fountain of Health (FoH) positive psychiatry intervention for behavioral activation to promote brain health and well-being: (1) clinician-assisted and (2) independent app use for behavioral self-management. Design and setting: As part of a larger knowledge translation intervention in positive psychiatry, two specific methods of a behavioral activation intervention were retrospectively compared. Participants: Two subsets of patients were compared; 254 clinician-assisted patients; 333 independent app users. Intervention: A minimal positive psychiatry intervention in frontline care using the FoH health and behavior change clinical tools Measurements: Main outcomes were changes in psychological (health and resilience, well-being scores) and behavioral indices (goal attainment, items of goal SMART-ness). User profiles (age, sex and completion rates) were also compared. Results: Clinician-assisted patients were more likely to be male, older, and have lower health and resilience scores at baseline. Clinician-assisted patients had notably higher completion rates (99.2% vs. 10.8%). Psychological outcomes (improved health and resilience, and well-being) were similar regardless of intervention method for those who completed the intervention. Behavioral outcomes revealed clinician-assisted patients set goals that better adhered to key goal-setting items. Conclusions: Clinician–patient relationships appear to be an important factor for intervention completion and behavioral outcomes, while further exploration of best practices for intervention completion using health apps in clinical practice is needed. A preliminary goal-setting methodology for effective behavioral activation, to promote brain health and wellness, is given.

scholarly journals Impact of nutrition on ageing the process. Bridging the Gap: the animal perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (S1) ◽  
pp. S23-S25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Butterwick
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Fundamental Biology ◽  
Health And Well Being

In pets, as in humans, there is increasing interest in interventions that promote ‘health and well-being’ into later life and extend these beyond their current limits. The purpose of this review was to assess the relevance of current knowledge of ageing in humans, described in a companion paper, as well as reviewing recent research on ageing in pet populations. The role of diet and other factors that influence the ageing process and ultimately lifespan in pets are highlighted in this review; in addition, future opportunities and challenges to further our understanding of the ageing process in pets are identified. Advancing knowledge of the fundamental biology of ageing will be key for the development and evaluation of strategies that extend both the quality and the quantity of lifespan in human and pet populations.

scholarly journals Role of Nutraceuticals in Cancer Therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia Ranzato ◽  
Simona Martinotti ◽  
Cinzia Myriam Calabrese ◽  
Giorgio Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Food Value

<p>Nutraceuticals are natural bioactive products with food value and promising therapeutic properties in several diseases. Current cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, induce unintended side effects compromising also health and well-being of patients. Emerging studies suggest that some plant-based agents may impact cellular and molecular processes underlying tumor progression. However, some of these molecules might also play an antagonistic activity against classic therapeutic agents. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge underpinning the use of nutraceuticals in cancer prevention and therapy.</p>

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease: Why Did Antioxidant Therapy Fail?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Persson ◽  
Bogdan O. Popescu ◽  
Angel Cedazo-Minguez
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, with increasing prevalence and no disease-modifying treatment available yet. A remarkable amount of data supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress is an early and important pathogenic operator in AD. However, all clinical studies conducted to date did not prove a clear beneficial effect of antioxidant treatment in AD patients. In the current work, we review the current knowledge about oxidative stress in AD pathogeny and we suggest future paths that are worth to be explored in animal models and clinical studies, in order to get a better approach of oxidative imbalance in this inexorable neurodegenerative disease.

Recent Discussions of Moral Evolution

1912 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hayden Tufts
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Historical Question ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Moral Evolution

Ethical writers, like biologists, are no longer concerned with the mere fact of evolution. They are dealing with more specific questions of causes and methods. And, as with biology, two stages in the study may be expected. Biologists were at first interested in the historical question: What was the origin of species? They were temporarily satisfied with the answer: Natural selection, operating in conjunction with heredity and variation. Now, however, a clue to the specific method of heredity has been found in Mendelism, the causes operative in producing variation are being discovered by experimentation, and biology is entering upon a constructive stage which promises great results for agriculture, and perhaps also for human health and well-being. Ethics is as yet almost entirely in the descriptive stage. Perhaps we are staggered at the complexity of present problems, and timidly leave to the practical reformer or politician the responsible task of making positive suggestions. But, when the past evolution has been thoroughly analyzed, it may be hoped that social reform and moral education will be more intelligent. The interest of these problems for the student of religion is also obvious. For, to illustrate by one suggestion out of many, we ask: What causes the difference in the ideals of different ages and races? Is it religion, or philosophy, or economic needs and conditions solely? And shall the religious teacher who would hasten the Kingdom of God appeal to the conscience or to the legislature, or, in the conviction that neither of these avails, shall he stand still and wait for the inventor and the inevitable social revolution? It would be absurd to say that we are yet in a position to answer this old question conclusively, but it is not too much to say that no one can now afford to give dogmatic answers without first considering the complexity of the interaction which is increasingly coming into view between religious, political, economic, aesthetic, and ethical factors.

scholarly journals Genome Editing Technologies: From Bench Side to Bedside

Acta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Fulya Yaylacıoğlu Tuncay ◽  
Pervin Rukiye Dinçer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
Human Gene Therapy ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

The development of genome editing technologies has given the chance to researchers to manipulate any genomic sequences precisely. This ability is very useful for creating animal models to study human diseases in vivo; for easy creation of isogenic cell lines to study in vitro and most importantly for overcoming many disadvantages that the researchers faced during the human gene therapy trials. Here we review the basic mechanisms of genome editing technology and the four genome-editing platforms. We also discuss the applications of these novel technologies in preclinical and clinical studies in four groups according to the mechanism used, and lastly, summarize the problems in these technologies.

scholarly journals SOUND HEALTH: HARNESSING MUSIC FOR HEALTH AND WELL-BEING IN SERVICE OF OLDER PEOPLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S29-S29
Author(s):  
Emmeline Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Music can get you moving, lift your mood, help you recall a memory, and can potentially improve your health. A partnership between the National Institutes of Health and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, called Sound Health is expanding current knowledge and understanding of how listening, performing, or creating music involves intricate circuitry in the brain that could be harnessed for health and wellness. The presentation will focus on research that shows that music provides cognitive, socio-emotional, motor benefits as well as evidence for neural plasticity. The potential for music as therapy for several neurological disorders associated with aging will be discussed. Dr. Edwards will also highlight research gaps and opportunities in basic/mechanistic and clinical research on music and the aging brain.

scholarly journals Workshop: Behaviour change and knowledge translation: The unlocked potential to improve people’s health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Behaviour Change Counselling ◽  
Change Principles ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background Despite the complexities of modern healthcare it remains the case that human behaviour plays a critical role in health outcomes and in the efficacy of most treatments. We know that people get sick because of unhealthy behaviours. We know that the success of most healthcare interventions is highly dependent on patients’ willingness to adhere to self-care activities such as taking medications or performing self-examinations. Over the last decades well-validated, cost-effective behavioural medicine interventions have been developed. The field has contributed to strategies in health education, with techniques for modifying behaviour, and enhancing motivation and learning for health. More recently, multilevel intervention models, including environmental and policy variables, are being increasingly proposed and tested. Yet, for several reasons, only few such interventions have been translated into policy recommendations or implemented successfully in clinical practice. Through highlighting critical gaps in knowledge translation that can be addressed by integrating modern theoretical and methodological approaches across disciplines we hope to contribute to the development of effective and implementable behaviour change interventions for optimal population and individual health and well-being. Aim The aim of this workshop is to broaden our understanding of measures that have originated from behavioural sciences and have a lot to offer to public health. This workshop also seeks to contribute to capacity building in knowledge translation and evidence-informed decision-making in public health. Workshop structure The workshop will consist of five presentations providing an overview of topical issues in the field of behaviour change and knowledge translation, followed by an interactive audience discussion. The first presentations will introduce the most recent challenges in knowledge translation from the WHO/Europe perspective. The second presentation will discuss the possibilities of using behaviour change principles in the development and adoption of health policies showcasing the Canada’s newly adopted Food Guide. The third presentation will highlight the challenges in tackling physician’s ability to effectively conduct behaviour change counselling with their patients in the context of chronic disease prevention. The fourth presentation will make the link between the knowledge translation theory and practice, using the Behaviour Change Wheel theory. The fifth presentation will introduce the free academic meta-search engine - Motrial, which has a great potential in evaluating the randomized controlled trials and fuelling meta-analyses and systematic reviews in return of better quality. Further to the reflexion on the current knowledge base, an audience discussion will give attendees the opportunity to share their opinions regarding challenges and opportunities in knowledge translation to improve people’s health and well-being. Key messages Policy development and adoption can be considered as a behaviour change process. The application of behaviour change principles to the policy process may lead to greater stakeholder engagement and faster policy implementation.

scholarly journals Tai Chi for health and well-being: A bibliometric analysis of published clinical studies between 2010 and 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 102748
Author(s):  
Guo-Yan Yang ◽  
Angelo Sabag ◽  
Wen-Li Hao ◽  
Li-Ning Zhang ◽  
Ming-Xian Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health And Well Being

scholarly journals Healthy workplaces: what we know and what else we need to know

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Anker Jensen ◽  
Theo J.M. van der Voordt
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of buildings on the creation of healthy workplaces (HWs) and end users’ physical and mental health and well-being. The paper presents available research on the impact of workplace layout, interior design, indoor climate and “green” offices. It ends with reflections on the main lessons learned, gaps in our current knowledge and suggestions for further research. Design/methodology/approach A literature research has been conducted of all papers in four corporate real estate management and facilities management-oriented journals from 2008 to 2017 that discuss health and well-being and related topics such as satisfaction, productivity and creativity. Findings A conceptual model to analyse impact factors for HWs covers the influence of many different variables. Most papers only discuss a particular influencing factor, mainly plants and indoor climate. Various papers show that the spatial layout, in particular the level of openness and opportunities for communication, concentration and privacy and interior design have an important impact on user satisfaction, perceived productivity support and creativity. These factors may have a positive impact on HWs as well and can also be benefits of HWs. Practical implications The paper identifies, which factors are important to consider for creating HWs and potential benefits of HWs. Originality/value This paper discusses the role of CREM and FM in creating HWs and reflects on the available knowledge, current omissions and the need for transdisciplinary follow-up research.

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