scholarly journals Spontaneous Remission of an Untreated, MYC and BCL2 Coexpressing, High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
D. Alan Potts ◽  
Jonathan R. Fromm ◽  
Ajay K. Gopal ◽  
Ryan D. Cassaday

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies typically treated with multiagent chemotherapy. Rarely, spontaneous remissions can be observed, particularly in more indolent subtypes. The prognosis of aggressive NHL can be predicted using clinical and histopathologic factors. In aggressive B-cell NHL, the importance of MYC and BCL2 proto-oncogene coexpression (as assessed by immunohistochemistry) and high-grade histologic features are particularly noteworthy. We report a unique case of spontaneous remission in a patient with an aggressive B-cell NHL which harbored high-risk histopathologic features, including MYC protein expression at 70–80%, BCL2 protein expression, and morphologic features suggestive of high-grade B-cell lymphoma, NOS (formerly B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma [BCLU]). After undergoing a biopsy to confirm this diagnosis, he opted to forego curative-intent chemotherapy. The single, yet relatively large area of involvement noted on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography steadily resolved on subsequent follow-up studies. He remained without evidence of recurrence one year later, having never received treatment. This case emphasizes the potential for spontaneous remission in NHL and demonstrates that this phenomenon can be observed despite contemporary high-risk histopathologic features.

Pathology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. S163-S164
Author(s):  
E. Eykman ◽  
A. Field ◽  
A. Lochhead ◽  
K. Ma ◽  
M. Qiu

Haematologica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 2667-2670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Ziepert ◽  
Stefano Lazzi ◽  
Raffaella Santi ◽  
Federica Vergoni ◽  
Massimo Granai ◽  
...  

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 2708-2708
Author(s):  
Olga A. Gavrilina ◽  
Eugene E. Zvonkov ◽  
Elena N. Parovichnikova ◽  
Vera V. Troitskaya ◽  
Nelly G. Gabeeva ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Approximately 50% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are defined as high-grade by IPI. They are characterized by aggressive course and poor response to standard chemotherapy (CT): 5-years overall survival (OS) rate of less than 30%. R-DA-EPOCH has demonstrated very optimistic results (overall and progression-free survival (PFS) were 90%), but high-risk patients (IPI 3-4) showed only 43% of OS and PFS [1]. The addition of high-dose AraC (12 g/m2) to the upfront therapy of high-risk DLBCL has significantly improved the outcome on Hyper-CVAD/HMA and mNHL-BFM-90 protocols [2, 3]. But high toxicity of these protocols restricts their application. We suggested that addition of courses R-HMA in rotation with R-DA-EPOCH could improve the treatment outcome and decrease toxicity. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of R-DA-EPOCH/R-HMA protocol in patients with untreated high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patients and Methods: 33 untreated DLBCL patients from 4 centers were enrolled in a prospective study between August 2013 - July 2015; stage II-IV; ECOG 0-3; median age 55 years (27-76); age ≥60y/<60y 50%/50%; M/F 60%/40%; IPI: 48% high-intermediate and 52% high risk; 15% with bone marrow involvement. All patients underwent 4-8 courses (2-4 cycles) of chemotherapy: R-DA-EPOCH (standard dose and scheme), R-HMA (R 375 mg/m2 d1, MTX 1000 mg/m2 24 hours d 2, AraC 3000 mg/m2 q 12 hrs d 3-4). For patients older than 60 year dose of R-HMA was reduced (R 375 mg/m2 d1, MTX 500 mg/m2 24 hours d 2, AraC 1000 mg/m2 q 12 hrs d 3-4). In 4 cases of DLBCL with bone marrow involvement BEAM conditioning and autologous stem cell transplantation were applied. Results: The median follow-up is 12 months (4-24). There was no mortality associated with toxicity. The main non-hematological toxicities of R-HMA were infections (mucositis, pneumonia, sepsis, enteropathy) grades 1-2 and 3-4 in 90% and 10%, respectively. Hematological toxicity grade 4 for less than 4 days we observed only after courses R-HMA. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 29 (88%) patients. In 2 patients we observed progression of the disease after first cycle of chemotherapy, in another 2 cases - partial remission after 2-3 cycles and following progression of disease. In patients older than 60 years with doses reduction in R-HMA failures were absent, except one later relapse after 13 month CR. With a median follow 12 months overall and disease-free survival of 33 patients constituted 90,5% and 74% , respectively. In a group of patients older than 60 years results of therapy seemed to be better than in young patients: OS were 100% vs 85,6% (p=0,1), DFS were 80% vs 74,9% (p=0,2), respectively. So the combination of R-DA-EPOCH/R-HMA may be considered as optimal intensive approach in the older patients. Conclusions: TheR-DA-EPOCH/R-HMA protocol demonstrated acceptable toxicity and high efficacy in patients with high-grade DLBCL. This protocol has shown optimistic results in the elderly patients and it could be recommended for further investigation in that group. Ññûëêè: 1. Salit RB, Fowler DH, Wilson WH, et al. Dose-adjusted EPOCH-rituximab combined with fludarabine provides an effective bridge to reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with lymphoid malignancies.J Clin Oncol. 2012. 10;30(8):830-6. 2. Oki Y, Westin JR, Vega F, et al. Prospective phase II study of rituximab with alternating cycles of hyper-CVAD and high-dose methotrexate with cytarabine for young patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2013; 163(5):611-20. 3. Magomedova AU, Kravchenko SK, Kremenetskaia AM, et al. Nine-year experience in the treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphosarcoma. Ter Arkh. 2011;83(7):5-10. Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Hallack Neto ◽  
S A C Siqueira ◽  
F L Dulley ◽  
M A Ruiz ◽  
D A F Chamone ◽  
...  

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 207-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Tarella ◽  
Manuela Zanni ◽  
Michele Magni ◽  
Fabio Benedetti ◽  
Tiziano Barbui ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: The outcome of B-cell lymphoma has definitely improved since the introduction of the anti-CD20 Rituximab, which can be effectively combined into conventional chemotherapy regimens. Rituximab can also be added to high-dose chemotherapy programs with autograft. However, the clinical benefit of combining Rituximab and autograft-based programs has not been proved yet. This issue is addressed in the present study. Patients and Methods: Data have been retrospectively collected on 957 B-cell lymphoma patients receiving a high-dose sequential (HDS) chemotherapy program, at 10 Italian Centers associated to GITIL (Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innovative nei Linfomi). Although the HDS schedule has been introduced almost 20 yrs. ago, most patients were treated in the last decade. They received most frequently either the HDS scheme adapted for follicular lymphoma (Tarella C et al. Leukemia 2000) or the hd-Ara-C-supplemented scheme developed for mantle-cell and diffuse large cell lymphoma (Magni M et al, Blood 2000; Cuttica A et al., Cancer 2003); overall, Rituximab was added to HDS (R+) in 483 (50.5%) patients, the remaining 474 (49.5%) received Rituximab-free HDS (R−). All patients entered the HDS-protocols due to high-risk prognostic features, their median age was 49 yrs. (range 17–70). The series included 403 patients (232 R+) with low-grade and 554 (251 R+) with intermediate/high grade B-cell lymphoma subtypes; HDS was delivered to 542 (259 R+) patients at diagnosis and to 415 (224 R+) at first or subsequent relapse. Results: at a median follow-up of 5 yrs, the 5-yr Overall Survival (OS) and Event-free Survival (EFS) projections were 66% and 55%, respectively, with a significantly better outcome for patients treated at diagnosis (5-yr OS: 72%, EFS: 61%) compared to patients at relapse (5-yr OS: 56%, EFS: 45%). In all instances, Rituximab addition was associated with significant improvements; in particular, the 5-yr EFS projections were:patients at diagnosis: 68% for R+ vs. 57% for R−;patients at relapse: 59% for R+ vs. 34% for R−;low-grade subtypes: 65% for R+ vs. 41% for R− (Figure 1A);intermediate/high-grade subtypes: 64% for R+ vs. 52% for R− (Figure 1B). In the Cox multivariate survival analysis, two factors had a significant impact on the EFS, i.e. relapse status at HDS (HR: 1.74, c.i.: 1.43–2.13) and Rituximab addition to HDS (HR: 0.60, c.i.: 0.49–0.75). Conclusions: the addition of Rituximab to high-dose programs with autograft may improve response and long-term outcome in high-risk B-cell lymphoma patients. Figure 1. EFS according to Rituximab [R] administration, in (A) low-grade and (B) intermediate/high-grade, B-cell lymphoma patients treated with a HDS program Figure 1. EFS according to Rituximab [R] administration, in (A) low-grade and (B) intermediate/high-grade, B-cell lymphoma patients treated with a HDS program


Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 543-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Cook ◽  
Bryan H. Goldman ◽  
Raymond R. Tubbs ◽  
Michael LeBlanc ◽  
Lisa M. Rimsza ◽  
...  

Abstract Abstract 543 Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) that show some but not all of the morphologic, phenotypic or cytogenetic features that define Burkitt lymphoma (BL) have been controversial throughout the history of lymphoma classification systems. In particular, MYC translocations are found in essentially all cases of BL, but are also found in some diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The 2008 WHO classification introduced a category for “B-cell lymphoma, unclassified, with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL” (BCLU), but the clinical utility of this diagnostic category is limited because the category is known to be heterogeneous, the diagnostic criteria remain vaguely defined, and the most appropriate management of such cases is unclear. A recently available monoclonal antibody has allowed for detection of MYC protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC).The spectrum of clinicopathologic features associated with MYC dysregulation in non-Burkitt, diffuse aggressive NHL is not yet clear. We therefore examined the clinical significance of high grade (i.e., “Burkitt-like”) morphology and MYC protein expression in a series of DLBCL and BCLU. Design: 370 eligible patients were enrolled on SWOG S9704, a phase III randomized study of diffuse aggressive NHL treated by CHOP±R for 5 cycles and randomized to either 3 additional cycles of CHOP±R or autotransplant. Exclusion of T-cell neoplasms, BL, follicular lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma by 2008 WHO criteria resulted in 260 cases of diffuse aggressive B-cell NHL. Each case was reviewed for morphologic features including blastoid cytology, intermediate cell size, and/or starry sky background. MYC protein and phenotypic profile (GC vs. non-GC per Hans algorithm) were evaluated by IHC. Where sufficient tissue was available, FISH studies for MYC and/or BCL2 translocations were performed. Results: 31/260 cases (12%) showed high grade morphology, consistent with BCLU. Cases with high grade morphology did not show distinct clinical features at presentation and were phenotypically heterogeneous [13/27 (48%) GC, 14/27 (52%) non-GC]. In multivariate analysis including IPI and use of rituximab, high grade morphology did not correlate with outcome. MYC IHC was positive in 27/198 (14%) cases. MYC positivity was associated with CD10 [10/17 (59%) vs 25/80 (31%), p=0.032], BCL2 [21/26 (81%) vs 42/79 (53%), p=0.013], and MYC translocations by FISH [7/14 (50%) vs 6/54 (11%), p<0.001]. MYC IHC and MYC FISH were more frequently positive in cases with high grade morphology [6/21 (29%) vs 21/177 (12%), p=0.035 and 8/24 (33%) vs. 8/53 (15%), p=0.068, respectively]. In multivariate analysis, MYC positivity was associated with poor OS in all patients, in randomized patients, and in patients with high IPI. In exploratory subset analysis, survival estimates suggested a benefit for MYC+ patients in the transplant arm, and OS appeared to be worse in MYC IHC+, BCL2 IHC+ cases compared to MYC IHC+, BCL2 IHC- cases; however, small patient numbers precluded definitive assessment of these subsets. Conclusions: This study shows that aggressive B-cell lymphomas with high grade morphology do not show distinct clinical features at presentation, are phenotypically heterogeneous, have variable MYC expression, and do not show significantly different outcome compared to other aggressive DLBCL. These findings question whether the WHO category of BCLU should be maintained, or whether such cases are better considered part of the spectrum of DLBCL. In addition, these findings confirm recent reports that MYC immunohistochemistry is associated with poor outcome in cases of DLBCL, and for the first time extend these observations to cases with high grade morphology. The possibility that MYC+ cases benefit from transplant should be further explored in clinical trials. MYC IHC, which can be performed in most laboratories, is suggested for prognostic evaluation in routine practice. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 4450-4450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette N Owens ◽  
Jocelyn C Migliacci ◽  
Steven M. Horwitz ◽  
Matthew J Matasar ◽  
Alison J Moskowitz ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: NHL is a disease of older adults and henceforth the oncology community will be increasingly confronted with the challenges of the older lymphoma patient (pt). Phase II data demonstrates dose-adjusted (DA)-EPOCH +/- rituximab is efficacious in high grade and aggressive NHL (J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 1;26(16): 2717-24). Additionally, infusional doxorubicin may confer greater safety in elderly pts compared with bolus delivery. A Phase III trial (NCT00118209) comparing DA-R-EPOCH and R-CHOP has been completed, but the results are not currently available. To date, there is limited data on efficacy and safety in elderly patients treated with DA-R-EPOCH. We explored our single center experience to inform therapeutic choices in older adults. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all pts treated with EPOCH at MSKCC from 2003 to 2014, identifying 181 pts in total, of which 54 pts > 60 yrs (out of 73 pts >60 yr) received DA-EPOCH at initial diagnosis. Data was available regarding their baseline characteristics, dose adjustments/treatment modifications, hospitalizations, and disease related outcomes for all pts. Outcome measures included progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), hospitalizations, and dose adjustments. Results: Of 54 patients, histologies included DLBCL (n=42, 78%), T-cell lymphoma (n=8, 15%), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) (n=4, 7%). The median age of all patients was 70.5 yrs (range 61-93 yrs), with 54% female. Prior malignancy was present in 31% and baseline LVEF was >55% in 98% of pts. For DLBCL patients (n=42): median age 72 yrs (61-92 yr), M:F 24:18, Stage I/II v. III/IV: 21% v. 79%, aaIPI 0-1 v. 2-3: 24% v 76%; cell of origin (Hans) GC/ABC/unknown: 43%/52%/5%. Ki67%: median 90% (range 20-100%). T-cell pts (n=8): median age 68 yrs (61-75 yr), female 50%, histology ATLL(n=4), PTCL (n=3), ALCL ALK- (n=1); 100% adv. stage; BL pts (n=4): ages 65, 69, 82, 81 yrs, 1 early stage, 3 adv. stage, 1 low risk, 3 high risk. Rituximab was given in 96% of b-cell NHL. Peg-GCSF/GCSF was used with each cycle of EPOCH. A full 6 cycles of EPOCH was completed 52% of the time and dose adjusted in 66% of pts with a median of 4 adjusted cycles/pt (range 1-6). Dose increases occurred in 30% of pts, dose decreases 26%; 11% of pts started at dose level -1. Safety: Cardiac events occurred in 22% of pts, with 2 pts experiencing anthracycline induced cardiomyopathy/CHF, the remainder included G ≥3 arrhythmias (n=6) or chest pain/angina (n=4) without change in EF. Hospitalization for G≥3 toxicity occurred in 68.5% (n=37) of pts (41% more than once): neutropenic fever/infection (n=19/9), AKI/dehydration (n=7), syncope (n=2); Treatment related mortality was 4% (n=2). Outcomes: With a median followup of 1.5 yrs, 33 of 54 pts remain progression free (DLBCL 30/42, TCL 1/8, BL 2/4, p=0.007). For all pts, median PFS and OS have not been reached: PFS and OS at 1.5 yr is 57% and 66%, respectively. For DLBCL pts, median PFS and OS is not reached: PFS and OS at 1.5 yr is 69% and 78%, respectively. In log-rank analysis: aaIPI (p=.15), Stage (p=.08) and cell of origin (p=.35) did not predict OS; aaIPI (p=.05) and stage (p=.04) predicted PFS, but cell of origin was not significant. There was no significant difference in outcome based on dose adjustments. Conclusions: DA-EPOCH +/- R is an effective treatment option for pts > 60 yrs with advanced stage, high risk DLBCL; Hospitalizations for toxicity were frequent, but TRM was low. Cardiomyopathy was infrequent. Dedicated efforts to explore initial dose-reductions and optimal number of cycles in this older pt population would be beneficial. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1618-1618
Author(s):  
Karin Fjordén ◽  
Frida Pauly ◽  
Sirpa Leppä ◽  
Harald Holte ◽  
Magnus Björkholm ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Despite recent advances in molecular profiling of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), only a few biomarkers currently have an impact on treatment. In a previous study we could observe the heterogeneity of DLBCL in the plasma immunoprofile from DLBCL patients, by use of recombinant antibody microarrays. By unsupervised hierarchical clustering, an immunoprofile of 23 plasma proteins could divide patients into two subgroups with significantly different overall survival (OS). In this study we aimed to expand the immunoprofiling with longitudinal plasma samples from high risk DLBCL patients, to search for novel prognostic and potentially predictive markers. Material and Methods Plasma samples from 126 high risk DLBCL patients included in a phase II clinical trial of the Nordic Lymphoma Group (CRY04) were collected at diagnosis, during and after treatment, and in the event of progression or relapse. Inclusion criteria were age 18-65 years, primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma without CNS involvement, age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) 2-3 and WHO performance score 0-3. Six courses of R-CHOEP-14 were given followed by systemic CNS prophylaxis with one course of high-dose cytarabine and one course of high-dose methotrexate. Additionally, age and sex matched controls (n = 40) were included. Two hundred and eighty-three recombinant scFv antibody fragments directed against 97 known serum antigens, mainly immunoregulatory proteins, were selected from phage display libraries to be used in the antibody microarrays. Results Immunoprofiles distinguishing DLBCL patients from healthy controls were identified. Furthermore, a different protein expression was found in patients with aaIPI 3 versus 2 as well as in patients with shorter versus longer progression free survival (PFS). The kinases CDK-2 and BTK were upregulated both in patients with higher aaIPI score and in patients with shorter PFS. Comparing the patients who developed disease progression with those who did not, seven differentially deregulated proteins were identified including the phosphatase PTP-1B, the chemokine MCP-1, and the cytokines IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12, all previously implicated in B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. In addition, results showed that subdivision of patients according to immunoprofile as defined in our previous study, could be performed also in the present patient cohort. The immunoprofile comprises T-helper (TH)1 cytokines, TH2 cytokines, complement proteins, chemokines, enzymes, and membrane proteins. The 23 included proteins are β-galactosidase, C1 esterase inhibitor, C4, C5, Cystatin C, Eotaxin, GLP-1 R, GM-CSF, HLA-DR/DP, IgM, IL-1ra, IL- 2, IL- 3, IL- 6, IL- 10, IL- 12, Leptin, MCP-1, MCP-3, Mucin-1, PSA, TNF-α, and TNF-β. Although not significant, a potential association to PFS and OS could be observed between the two generated subgroups. Finally, expression of IL-10 was shown to improve the prognostic value of aaIPI regarding both PFS and OS. Conclusion Protein expression profiling of plasma from high risk DLBCL patients provided novel insights into the biology of DLBCL. New candidate prognostic markers were identified which could potentially guide us in the prediction of outcome and in the choice of treatment for DLBCL patients. However, as this study was aimed for discovery, the findings must be validated in future studies with independent patient cohorts. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (18) ◽  
pp. 2060-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Scott ◽  
Rebecca L. King ◽  
Annette M. Staiger ◽  
Susana Ben-Neriah ◽  
Aixiang Jiang ◽  
...  

Key Points HGBL-DH/TH makes up 8% of de novo DLBCL, with HGBL-DH/TH with BCL2 rearrangement being a GCB phenomenon. Restricting FISH testing to tumors with dual protein expression and GCB subtype results in testing <15% of tumors, but missing ∼35% of HGBL-DH/TH.


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