scholarly journals Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids, with Cranial and Caudal Extension

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Mubasher ◽  
Aseel Sukik ◽  
Ahmed Hassan El Beltagi ◽  
Ali Rahil
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Romberg Test ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

A 23-year-old lady presented with vertigo and imbalance in walking, blurring of vision, diplopia, and headache, in addition to numbness in the lower limbs over a period of six days. On examination patient had nystagmus, ataxia, positive Romberg test, and hyperreflexia. MRI examination of the brain and spinal cord showed evidence of faint bright signal intensity foci in T2/FLAIR involving bilateral cerebral hemispheres, subcortical deep white matter, bilateral thalami, posterior pons and left brachium pontis, and basal ganglia, with small nodular enhancement that aligned along curvilinear structures; those lesions also were apparent along the spinal cord at multiple levels. The clinical and radiological features suggested CLIPPERS (chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids) syndrome. Symptoms improved dramatically with high dose oral corticosteroids. Our report addresses the radiological and clinical pattern of a case of CLIPPERS rhombencephalitis, with added superior and inferior extension to involve the brain and spinal cord, which is to emphasize the importance of raising the awareness of this disease and the combined role of radiologist and physicians for the diagnosis of this potentially treatable entity, responsive to glucocorticosteroid immunosuppression.

61 UNVEILING THE ROLE OF LIPIDS IN ORGANOGESIS: MOLECULAR ANATOMY BY DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY IMAGING MASS SPECTROMETRY

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
V. Pirro ◽  
P. O. Favaron ◽  
C. R. Ferreira ◽  
L. S. Eberlin ◽  
R. S. Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Desorption Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Desi Ms ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Digestive Glands

Even though the role of lipids in pandemic diseases such as obesity and diabetes is a focus of increasing research, the role of lipids during organogenesis, when diverse diseases may be triggered, is unexplored. Also, pig embryonic tissues represent an attractive option for organ transplantation. This study introduces a detailed morphological analysis of swine fetal tissues with matching location of lipids acquired by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging for the study of differential distribution of free fatty acids (FFA) and phospholipids (PL) in specific organs during fetal development. Samples from a pig fetuses around Day 50 of pregnancy were sectioned at a cryotome and mounted onto glass slides. Fixative agents were not used. DESI-MS images were run with a step size of 300 µm using a morphologically friendly (non-destructive) solvent combination, namely dimethylformamide/acetonitrile 1 : 1 (v/v). Data were acquired in the negative ion mode in the m/z range of 150 to 1000 from different sections representing the whole swine fetus body. Ion images were constructed using BioMAP software. After imaging, the whole-body tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and were overlaid to the DESI-MS lipid images. Differential distribution of FFA, phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylserines (PS), sulphatides (ST), and phosphatidylinositols (PI) was observed among organs, especially on nervous and circulatory systems, and digestive glands. Most lipids concentrated in the brain, spinal cord, and digestive glands such as the liver. For example, arachidonic acid was most abundant in neuronal tissue, whereas docosahexaenoic acid predominated in the liver and digestive glands. Distribution of PS (36 : 1) of m/z 788 was observed in all tissues except for the digestive system, but PS (40 : 6) of m/z 834.7 was exclusive of brain and spinal cord. Lipids related to brain and spinal cord were mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as specific PS lipids. Arachidonic and eicosatrienoic acids are more concentrated in hindbrain and spinal cord, whereas PS was more abundant in the brain than in the spinal cord. There is no information on PS chemical composition during brain and spinal cord development, but PS concentration in the nervous tissue membranes varies with age, brain areas, cell type, and subcellular components. Several reports indicate that alteration in PS synthesis might participate in the mechanism of brain damage. Also, PS has been found to be altered in brain tumours. Oleic acid, fatty acid dimers, and the signalling lipid PI (38 : 3) were most significant for the digestive system and liver. Liver is one of the main organs involved in fatty acid metabolism (besides adipose tissue and muscle). By overlying morphological and molecular information, lipids seem to be a major player in the organogenesis process.

scholarly journals Multiple sclerosis: environmental risk factors

1998 ◽  
Vol XXX (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Enrico Granieri ◽  
Ilaria Casetta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by inflammory demyelination of the brain and spinal cord. Epidemiological investigations play important role in study of multiple sclerosis. Geographical distribution of the disease has been described in terms of prevalence and incidence. The possible role of environmental factors as a cause of multiple sclerosis had been hypothesized with observation of unequal geographic distribution of the disease. More interesting, in terms of their biological significance, are attempts to identify associations between multiple sclerosis and situations or events wich could cause blood-brain barrier damages, such as trauma or toxic exposures.

scholarly journals Eosinophils are dispensable for development of MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Ruppova ◽  
Jong-Hyung Lim ◽  
Georgia Fodelianaki ◽  
Avery August ◽  
Ales Neuwirth
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Eosinophil Granulocytes ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

AbstractExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) represents the mouse model of multiple sclerosis, a devastating neurological disorder. EAE development and progression involves the infiltration of different immune cells into the brain and spinal cord. However, less is known about a potential role of eosinophil granulocytes for EAE disease pathogenesis. In the present study, we found enhanced eosinophil abundance accompanied by increased concentration of the eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin-1 in the spinal cord in the course of EAE induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide. However, the absence of eosinophils did not affect neuroinflammation, demyelination and clinical development or severity of EAE, as assessed in ΔdblGATA1 eosinophil-deficient mice. Taken together, despite their enhanced abundance in the inflamed spinal cord during disease progression, eosinophils were dispensable for EAE development.

BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF ERYTHROPOIETIN IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD: NON-ERYTHROPOIETIC FUNCTIONS IN HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC LESIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
S.B. Berezhanskaya ◽  
◽  
E.A. Lukianova ◽  
M.K. Abduragimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Ischemic Damage ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Erythropoietin is recognized as a pluripotent glycoprotein with unique biochemical and epigenetic properties that are important for fetal growth and development, as well as in critical conditions in subsequent periods of ontogenesis. In recent decades, researchers and clinicians have increased interest in the problem of the biological significance of erythropoietin, which can form the basis for constructing algorithms for early prognosis and diagnosis, optimizing the treatment of pathology of the perinatal period, including perinatal hypoxic-ischemic damage to the brain and spinal cord, which are at risk of disability and have a risk of disability significant role in neonatology and perinatal neurology.

scholarly journals Characterization of microglial transcriptomes in the brain and spinal cord of mice in early and late experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a RiboTag strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaona Acharjee ◽  
Paul M. K. Gordon ◽  
Benjamin H. Lee ◽  
Justin Read ◽  
Matthew L. Workentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

AbstractMicroglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To more fully understand the role of microglia in EAE we characterized microglial transcriptomes before the onset of motor symptoms (pre-onset) and during symptomatic EAE. We compared the transcriptome in brain, where behavioral changes are initiated, and spinal cord, where damage is revealed as motor and sensory deficits. We used a RiboTag strategy to characterize ribosome-bound mRNA only in microglia without incurring possible transcriptional changes after cell isolation. Brain and spinal cord samples clustered separately at both stages of EAE, indicating regional heterogeneity. Differences in gene expression were observed in the brain and spinal cord of pre-onset and symptomatic animals with most profound effects in the spinal cord of symptomatic animals. Canonical pathway analysis revealed changes in neuroinflammatory pathways, immune functions and enhanced cell division in both pre-onset and symptomatic brain and spinal cord. We also observed a continuum of many pathways at pre-onset stage that continue into the symptomatic stage of EAE. Our results provide additional evidence of regional and temporal heterogeneity in microglial gene expression patterns that may help in understanding mechanisms underlying various symptomology in MS.

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