scholarly journals Proteases Revisited: Roles and Therapeutic Implications in Fibrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Kryczka ◽  
Joanna Boncela
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Ecm Degradation ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Extracellular Protease Activity ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Cell Mechanosensing

Proteases target many substrates, triggering changes in distinct biological processes correlated with cell migration, EMT/EndMT and fibrosis. Extracellular protease activity, demonstrated by secreted and membrane-bound protease forms, leads to ECM degradation, activation of other proteases (i.e., proteolysis of nonactive zymogens), decomposition of cell-cell junctions, release of sequestered growth factors (TGF-βand VEGF), activation of signal proteins and receptors, degradation of inflammatory inhibitors or inflammation-related proteins, and changes in cell mechanosensing and motility. Intracellular proteases, mainly caspases and cathepsins, modulate lysosome activity and signal transduction pathways. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge on the multidimensional impact of proteases on the development of fibrosis.

scholarly journals PPInfer: a Bioconductor package for inferring functionally related proteins using protein interaction networks

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Dongmin Jung ◽  
Xijin Ge
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Protein Interaction Networks ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Bioconductor Package ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Ppi Networks ◽  
Related Proteins

Interactions between proteins occur in many, if not most, biological processes. This fact has motivated the development of a variety of experimental methods for the identification of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Leveraging PPI data available STRING database, we use network-based statistical learning methods to infer the putative functions of proteins from the known functions of neighboring proteins on a PPI network. This package identifies such proteins often involved in the same or similar biological functions. The package is freely available at the Bioconductor web site (http://bioconductor.org/packages/PPInfer/).

scholarly journals Dangerous Duplicity: The Dual Functions of Casein Kinase 1in Parasite Biology and Host Subversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najma Rachidi ◽  
Uwe Knippschild ◽  
Gerald F. Späth
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Casein Kinase 1 ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Parasite Biology ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions

Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) family members are serine/threonine protein kinases that are involved in many biological processes and highly conserved in eukaryotes from protozoan to humans. Even though pathogens exploit host CK1 signaling pathways to survive, the role of CK1 in infectious diseases and host/pathogen interaction is less well characterized compared to other diseases, such as cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Here we present the current knowledge on CK1 in protozoan parasites highlighting their essential role for parasite survival and their importance for host-pathogen interactions. We also discuss how the dual requirement of CK1 family members for parasite biological processes and host subversion could be exploited to identify novel antimicrobial interventions.

scholarly journals PPInfer: a Bioconductor package for inferring functionally related proteins using protein interaction networks

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmin Jung ◽  
Xijin Ge
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Protein Interaction Networks ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Bioconductor Package ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Ppi Networks ◽  
Related Proteins

Interactions between proteins occur in many, if not most, biological processes. This fact has motivated the development of a variety of experimental methods for the identification of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Leveraging PPI data available in the STRING database, we use a network-based statistical learning methods to infer the putative functions of proteins from the known functions of neighboring proteins on a PPI network. This package identifies such proteins often involved in the same or similar biological functions. The package is freely available at the Bioconductor web site (http://bioconductor.org/packages/PPInfer/).

scholarly journals Melatonin in plants: what we know and what we don’t

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixin Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Biosynthesis Regulation

Abstract Melatonin is an endogenous micromolecular compound of indoleamine with multiple physiological functions in various organisms. In plants, melatonin is involved in growth and development, as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, melatonin functions in phytohormone-mediated signal transduction pathways. There are multiple melatonin biosynthesis pathways, and the melatonin content in plants is greatly affected by intrinsic genetic characteristics and external environmental factors. Although melatonin biosynthesis has been extensively studied in model plants, it remains uncharacterized in most plants. This article focuses on current knowledge on the biosynthesis, regulation and application of melatonin, particularly for fruit quality and preservation. In addition, it highlights the links between melatonin and other hormones, as well as future research directions.

Pathophysiology of telangiectasias of the lower legs and its therapeutic implication: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kern
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Venous Plexus ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Tissue Abnormalities

Objective Telangiectasias of the lower legs are intradermal dilatations of the subpapillary venous plexus, but their pathophysiology and risk factors are still largely unknown. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the pathophysiology and risk factors for telangiectasias. Methods A systematic review of the literature indexed in Medline completed with textbooks and European phlebology journals from the French, Swiss, and German phlebology societies was performed. Results A multitude of risk factors and several pathophysiological hypotheses, such as reflux, arterio-venous micro-shunts, parietal, and connective tissue abnormalities, are described in the literature. The different hypotheses are discussed and put in a clinical perspective, in particular their therapeutic implications for phlebologists. Conclusion In conclusion, pathophysiology and risk factors of telangiectasias are still largely unknown, and a better understanding could improve treatment results and reduce recurrence.

The Salivary miRNome: A Promising Biomarker of Disease

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tomei ◽  
Harshitha Shobha Manjunath ◽  
Selvasankar Murugesan ◽  
Souhaila Al Khodor
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs ranging from 18-24 nucleotides also known to regulate the human genome mainly at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs were shown to play an important role in most biological processes such as apoptosis and in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Recent developments of advanced molecular high-throughput technologies have enhanced our knowledge of miRNAs. MiRNAs can now be discovered, interrogated, and quantified in various body fluids, and hence can serve as diagnostic and therapeutic markers for many diseases. While most studies use blood as a sample source to measure circulating miRNAs as possible biomarkers for disease pathogenesis, fewer studies have assessed the role of salivary miRNAs in health and disease. This review aims at providing an overview of the current knowledge of the salivary miRNome, addressing the technical aspects of saliva sampling and highlighting the applicability of miRNA screening to clinical practice.

scholarly journals Genome-wide study of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) bHLH transcription factors indicates that cryptochrome-interacting bHLH2 (AcCIB2) participates in flowering time regulation and abiotic stress response

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aslam ◽  
Bello Hassan Jakada ◽  
Beenish Fakher ◽  
Joseph G. Greaves ◽  
Xiaoping Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Bhlh Genes

Abstract Background Transcription factors (TFs) are essential regulators of growth and development in eukaryotes. Basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLHs) is one of the most significant TFs families involved in several critical regulatory functions. Cryptochrome-interacting bHLH (CIB) and cryptochromes form an extensive regulatory network to mediate a plethora of pathways. Although bHLHs regulate critical biological processes in plants, the information about pineapple bHLHs remains unexplored. Results Here, we identified a total of 121 bHLH proteins in the pineapple genome. The identified genes were renamed based on the ascending order of their gene ID and classified into 18 subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. We found that bHLH genes are expressed in different organs and stages of pineapple development. Furthermore, by the ectopic expression of AcCIB2 in Arabidopsis and complementation of Atcib2 mutant, we verified the involvement of AcCIB2 in photomorphogenesis and abiotic stress response. Conclusions Our findings revealed that AcCIB2 plays an essential role in flowering time regulation and abiotic stress response. The present study provides additional insights into the current knowledge of bHLH genes and suggests their potential role in various biological processes during pineapple development.

scholarly journals Current approaches to measure nitric oxide in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (17) ◽  
pp. 4333-4343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhaypratap Vishwakarma ◽  
Aakanksha Wany ◽  
Sonika Pandey ◽  
Mallesham Bulle ◽  
Aprajita Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Important Signalling Molecule

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is now established as an important signalling molecule in plants where it influences growth, development, and responses to stress. Despite extensive research, the most appropriate methods to measure and localize these signalling radicals are debated and still need investigation. Many confounding factors such as the presence of other reactive intermediates, scavenging enzymes, and compartmentation influence how accurately each can be measured. Further, these signalling radicals have short half-lives ranging from seconds to minutes based on the cellular redox condition. Hence, it is necessary to use sensitive and specific methods in order to understand the contribution of each signalling molecule to various biological processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on NO measurement in plant samples, via various methods. We also discuss advantages, limitations, and wider applications of each method.

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