scholarly journals Effect of Wnt Signaling on the Differentiation of Islet β-Cells from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hefei Wang ◽  
Yu Ren ◽  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Min Ma ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Development ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
And Function

The Wnt signaling is critical for pancreatic development and islet function; however, its precise effects on the development and function of the β-cells remain controversial. Here we examined mRNA and protein expression of components of the Wnt signaling throughout the differentiation of islet β-cells from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). After induction, ADSCs expressed markers of β-cells, including the insulin, PDX1, and glucagon genes, and the PDX1, CK19, nestin, insulin, and C-peptide proteins, indicating their successful differentiation. Compared with pancreatic adult stem cells (PASCs), the quantities of insulin, GLUT2, and Irs2 mRNA decreased, whereas Gcg, Gck, and Irs1 mRNA increased. Over time, during differentiation, insulin mRNA and protein expression increased, Gcg and Gck mRNA expression increased, Irs1 mRNA expression decreased and then increased, and Irs2 mRNA increased and then decreased (all P<0.05). The expression of Dvl-2, LRP5, and GSK3β mRNA as well as the Dvl-2, GSK3β, and p-GSK3β proteins also increased (P<0.05). Expression of TCF7L2 (6–10 d) and β-catenin mRNA as well as the β-catenin protein increased but not significantly (P>0.05). Our results indicate that the Wnt signaling is activated during ADSC differentiation into islet β-cells, but there was no obvious enrichment of nonphosphorylated β-catenin protein.

The Expression of FAT1 is Associated with Overall Survival in Children with Medulloblastoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Yu ◽  
Hao Li
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Purpose The FAT1 gene is involved in some cancers; however, its role in medulloblastoma is less clear. This study investigated the effects of FAT1 expression on the prognosis of medulloblastoma patients. Methods Whole exome sequencing was undertaken in 40 medulloblastoma patient samples. FAT1 mRNA and protein expression levels in normal and brain tumor tissues were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The association of FAT1 expression with overall survival (OS) was examined by Kaplan-Meier curve analysis with a log-rank test. Following lentiviral-mediated FAT1 knockdown using shRNA in Daoy cells, proliferation, Wnt signaling, and β-catenin protein expression were determined. Results Eight FAT1 missense mutations were detected in 7 patients. FAT1 mRNA expression in tumors was significantly lower than in adjacent normal tissue ( p = 0.043). The OS of patients with high FAT1 protein expression was significantly longer than that of patients with low FAT1 protein expression (median survival time: 24.3 vs 4.8 months, respectively; p = 0.002). shFAT1 cells had significantly higher proliferation rates than shControl cells ( p≤0.028). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of LEF1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 was significantly upregulated in shFAT1-Daoy cells ( p≤0.018). Conclusions Low FAT1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in children with medulloblastoma. Furthermore, FAT1 may act on Wnt signaling pathway to exert its antitumor effect.

scholarly journals Apoptosis is a generator of Wnt-dependent regeneration and homeostatic cell renewal in the ascidian Ciona

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Jeffery ◽  
Špela Gorički
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
And Function ◽  
Canonical Wnt ◽  
Organ Replacement

ABSTRACT In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, basal body parts regenerate distal structures but distal body parts do not replace basal structures. Regeneration involves the activity of adult stem cells in the branchial sac, which proliferate and produce migratory progenitor cells for tissue and organ replacement. Branchial sac-derived stem cells also replenish recycling cells lining the pharyngeal fissures during homeostatic growth. Apoptosis at injury sites occurs early during regeneration and continuously in the pharyngeal fissures during homeostatic growth. Caspase 1 inhibitor, caspase 3 inhibitor, or pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK treatment blocked apoptosis, prevented regeneration, and suppressed branchial sac growth and function. A pharmacological screen and siRNA-mediated gene knockdown indicated that regeneration requires canonical Wnt signaling. Wnt3a protein rescued both caspase-blocked regeneration and branchial sac growth. Inhibition of apoptosis did not affect branchial sac stem cell proliferation but prevented the survival of progenitor cells. After bisection across the mid-body, apoptosis occurred only in the regenerating basal fragments, although both fragments contained a part of the branchial sac, suggesting that apoptosis is unilateral at the wound site and the presence of branchial sac stem cells is insufficient for regeneration. The results suggest that apoptosis-dependent Wnt signaling mediates regeneration and homeostatic growth in Ciona.

scholarly journals Apoptosis is a generator of Wnt-dependent regeneration and homeostatic cell renewal in the ascidian Ciona

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Jeffery ◽  
Spela Goricki
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Transient Event ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
And Function ◽  
Canonical Wnt

AbstractBody regeneration is unilateral in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis: severed basal body parts can regenerate distal structures, such as the siphons and neural complex, but severed distal body parts do not replace basal structures. Regeneration involves the activity of adult stem cells in vasculature of the branchial sac, which are induced to proliferate and produce migratory progenitor cells for the replacement of missing tissues and organs. Branchial sac-derived stem cells also replenish continuously recycling cells lining the pharyngeal fissures during homeostatic growth. Apoptosis at injury sites is an early and transient event of regeneration and occurs continuously in the pharyngeal fissures during homeostatic growth. Treatment of amputated animals with caspase 1 inhibitor, caspase 3 inhibitor, or the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK blocked apoptosis, prevented regeneration, and suppressed the growth and function of the branchial sac. A pharmacological screen and inhibitory siRNA treatments indicated that regeneration and homeostatic growth require canonical Wnt signaling. Furthermore, exogenously supplied recombinant Wnt3a protein rescued both caspase-blocked regeneration and normal branchial sac growth. As determined by EdU pulse-chase studies, inhibition of apoptosis did not affect branchial sac stem cell proliferation but instead prevented the survival of progenitor cells. After bisection across the mid-body, apoptosis at the injury site occurred in the regenerating basal fragments, but not in the non-regenerating distal fragments, although both fragments contain a large portion of the branchial sac, suggesting that apoptosis is unilateral at the wound site and the presence of branchial sac stem cells is insufficient for regeneration. The results show that apoptosis-dependent Wnt signaling mediates regeneration and homeostatic growth by promoting progenitor cell survival in Ciona.

Application of Nanomaterials in Regulating the Fate of Adipose-derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Lang Wang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Maorui Zhang ◽  
Kui Huang ◽  
Shuanglin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
New Treatment

Adipose-derived stem cells are adult stem cells which are easy to obtain and multi-potent. Stem-cell therapy has become a promising new treatment for many diseases, and plays an increasingly important role in the field of tissue repair, regeneration and reconstruction. The physicochemical properties of the extracellular microenvironment contribute to the regulation of the fate of stem cells. Nanomaterials have stable particle size, large specific surface area and good biocompatibility, which has led them being recognized as having broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine. In this paper, we review recent developments of nanomaterials in adipose-derived stem cell research. Taken together, the current literature indicates that nanomaterials can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. However, the properties and regulatory effects of nanomaterials can vary widely depending on their composition. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide for future stem-cell research on the use of nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Dual Inhibition of Activin/Nodal/TGF-βand BMP Signaling Pathways by SB431542 and Dorsomorphin Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedavathi Madhu ◽  
Abhijit S. Dighe ◽  
Quanjun Cui ◽  
D. Nicole Deal
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Dual Inhibition

Damage to the nervous system can cause devastating diseases or musculoskeletal dysfunctions and transplantation of progenitor stem cells can be an excellent treatment option in this regard. Preclinical studies demonstrate that untreated stem cells, unlike stem cells activated to differentiate into neuronal lineage, do not survive in the neuronal tissues. Conventional methods of inducing neuronal differentiation of stem cells are complex and expensive. We therefore sought to determine if a simple, one-step, and cost effective method, previously reported to induce neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells, can be applied to adult stem cells. Indeed, dual inhibition of activin/nodal/TGF-βand BMP pathways using SB431542 and dorsomorphin, respectively, induced neuronal differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) as evidenced by formation of neurite extensions, protein expression of neuron-specific gamma enolase, and mRNA expression of neuron-specific transcription factors Sox1 and Pax6 and matured neuronal marker NF200. This process correlated with enhanced phosphorylation of p38, Erk1/2, PI3K, and Akt1/3. Additionally,in vitrosubcutaneous implants of SB431542 and dorsomorphin treated hADSCs displayed significantly higher expression of active-axonal-growth-specific marker GAP43. Our data offers novel insights into cell-based therapies for the nervous system repair.

scholarly journals The Wnt Signaling Inhibitor Dickkopf-1 Is Required for Reentry into the Cell Cycle of Human Adult Stem Cells from Bone Marrow

2003 ◽  
Vol 278 (30) ◽  
pp. 28067-28078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Gregory ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Anthony S. Perry ◽  
Darwin J. Prockop
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
Dickkopf 1

scholarly journals Recent Advance in Source, Property, Differentiation, and Applications of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-chen Zhong ◽  
Shi-chun Wang ◽  
Yin-he Han ◽  
Yu Wen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) can be easily obtained during knee surgery, which avoids the damage to patients for obtaining IPFP. Infrapatellar fat pad adipose-derived stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) are also called infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-MSCs) because the morphology of IPFP-ASCs is similar to that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). IPFP-ASCs are attracting more and more attention due to their characteristics suitable to regenerative medicine such as strong proliferation and differentiation, anti-inflammation, antiaging, secreting cytokines, multipotential capacity, and 3D culture. IPFP-ASCs can repair articular cartilage and relieve the pain caused by osteoarthritis, so most of IPFP-related review articles focus on osteoarthritis. This article reviews the anatomy and function of IPFP, as well as the discovery, amplification, multipotential capacity, and application of IPFP-ASCs in order to explain why IPFP-ASC is a superior stem cell source in regenerative medicine.

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