scholarly journals Community and Proteomic Analysis of Anaerobic Consortia Converting Tetramethylammonium to Methane

Archaea ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Wei-Yu Chen ◽  
Lucia Kraková ◽  
Jer-Horng Wu ◽  
Domenico Pangallo ◽  
Lenka Jeszeová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Proteomic Approach

Tetramethylammonium-degrading methanogenic consortia from a complete-mixing suspended sludge (CMSS) and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were studied using multiple PCR-based molecular techniques and shotgun proteomic approach. The prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes of the consortia were analyzed by quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing, and DGGE-cloning methods. The results showed that methanogenicarchaeawere highly predominant in both reactors but differed markedly according to community structure. Community and proteomic analysis revealed thatMethanomethylovoransandMethanosarcinawere the major players for the demethylation of methylated substrates and methane formation through the reduction pathway of methyl-S-CoM and possibly, acetyl-CoA synthase/decarbonylase-related pathways. Unlike high dominance of oneMethanomethylovoranspopulation in the CMSS reactor, diverse methylotrophicMethanosarcinaspecies inhabited in syntrophy-like association with hydrogenotrophicMethanobacteriumin the granular sludge of UASB reactor. The overall findings indicated the reactor-dependent community structures of quaternary amines degradation and provided microbial insight for the improved understanding of engineering application.

scholarly journals Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Compact Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Granules in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2652-2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Jie Ni ◽  
Bao-Lan Hu ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Wen-Ming Xie ◽  
Boran Kartal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising new process to treat high-strength nitrogenous wastewater. Due to the low growth rate of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, efficient biomass retention is essential for reactor operation. Therefore, we studied the settling ability and community composition of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules, which were cultivated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor seeded with aerobic granules. With this seed, the start-up period was less than 160 days at a NH4 +-N removal efficiency of 94% and a loading rate of 0.064 kg N per kg volatile suspended solids per day. The formed granules were bright red and had a high settling velocity (41 to 79 m h−1). Cells and extracellular polymeric substances were evenly distributed over the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules. The high percentage of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules could be visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization and electron microscopy. The copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules were determined to be 4.6 � 108 copies ml−1. The results of this study could be used for a better design, shorter start-up time, and more stable operation of anammox systems for the treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewaters.

Effect of sulfate and lactate loading rates on the respiration process and microbial population changes measured by ecological indices

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
C. García-Saucedo ◽  
F. J. Fernández ◽  
F. M. Cuervo-López ◽  
J. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Ecological Indices ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sulfate Reducing

In a sulfate reducing process, increasing loading rates and sulfide accumulation may induce population changes resulting in decreasing effectiveness of the process. Thus, the relationship between microbial metabolism changes and population dynamics was studied. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was operated at different sulfate loading rates (SLR), from 290 to 981 mg SO4 − S/L d at a constant carbon/sulfur ratio of 0.75. When the SLR was increased, the total organic carbon and sulfate consumption efficiencies decreased to nearly 30% and 25%, respectively. The acetate and propionate yields increased with increasing SLR and 385 ± 7 mg sulfide-S/L d was reached. The ecological indices, determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques, diversity and evenness were found to be constant, and similarity coefficient values remained higher than 76%. The results suggest that the microbial population changes were negligible compared with metabolic changes when SLR was increased. The sulfide accumulation did not modify the microbial diversity. The sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed strains related to sulfate reducing, fermentation, and methanogenesis processes. The results indicated that the decreasing of effectiveness, under the experimental conditions tested, was dependent more on operational parameters than microbial changes.

scholarly journals Degradation of Methanethiol by Methylotrophic Methanogenic Archaea in a Lab-Scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7540-7547 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. M. de Bok ◽  
R. C. van Leerdam ◽  
B. P. Lomans ◽  
H. Smidt ◽  
P. N. L. Lens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

ABSTRACT In a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor inoculated with granular sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant treating paper mill wastewater, methanethiol (MT) was degraded at 30°C to H2S, CO2, and CH4. At a hydraulic retention time of 9 h, a maximum influent concentration of 6 mM MT was applied, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of 16.5 mmol liter−1 day−1. The archaeal community within the reactor was characterized by anaerobic culturing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, cloning, and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR. Initially, MT-fermenting methanogenic archaea related to members of the genus Methanolobus were enriched in the reactor. Later, they were outcompeted by Methanomethylovorans hollandica, which was detected in aggregates but not inside the granules that originated from the inoculum, the microbial composition of which remained fairly unchanged. Possibly other species within the Methanosarcinacaea also contributed to the fermentation of MT, but they were not enriched by serial dilution in liquid media. The archaeal community within the granules, which was dominated by Methanobacterium beijingense, did not change substantially during the reactor operation. Some of the species related to Methanomethylovorans hollandica were enriched by serial dilutions, but their growth rates were very low. Interestingly, the enrichments could be sustained only in the presence of MT and did not utilize any of the other typical substrates for methylotrophic methanogens, such as methanol, methyl amine, or dimethylsulfide.

Inhibition of methanogenic activity of starch-degrading granules by aromatic pollutants

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert H. P. Fang ◽  
Ivan W. C. Lau ◽  
Denis W. C. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Aromatic Pollutants ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Phenolic Pollutants ◽  
Ic50 Values

The effects of nine common aromatic pollutants from chemical industry on the bioactivity of anaerobic granules were examined. The granules were obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating wastewater containing colloidal starch. The specific methanogenic activities (SMA) of granules were measured at 37°C in serum vials using 3000 mg/l of colloidal starch as substrate, plus individual pollutants at various concentrations. The toxicity was expressed by the IR50 and IC50 values, i.e. the toxicant/biomass ratio and concentration at which levels the granules exhibited only 50% of their original bioactivities. Results showed that in general the granules exhibited mild resistance to toxicity of aromatic pollutants, probably due to the granules' layered microstructure. The toxicities, which were dependent on the nature of chemical functional group, of the aromatic pollutants were in the following descending order: cresols > phenol > hydroxyphenols/phthalate > benzoate. There was only marginal difference between the toxicity of the steric isomers. For the seven phenolic pollutants, the more hydrophobic the functional group the higher the toxicity. The granules' resistance to toxicity suggested the plausibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater from the chemical industry.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity Dynamics in a Methanogenic-Sulfidogenic UASB Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
E. Fernández-Palacios ◽  
Xudong Zhou ◽  
Mabel Mora ◽  
David Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Long Run

In this study, the long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor targeting sulfate reduction in a SOx emissions treatment system were assessed using crude glycerol as organic carbon source and electron donor under constant S and C loading rates. The reactor was inoculated with granular sludge obtained from a pulp and paper industry and fed at a constant inlet sulfate concentration of 250 mg S-SO42−L−1 and a constant C/S ratio of 1.5 ± 0.3 g Cg−1 S for over 500 days. Apart from the regular analysis of chemical species, Illumina analyses of the 16S rRNA gene were used to study the dynamics of the bacterial community along with the whole operation. The reactor was sampled along the operation to monitor its diversity and the changes in targeted species to gain insight into the performance of the sulfidogenic UASB. Moreover, studies on the stratification of the sludge bed were performed by sampling at different reactor heights. Shifts in the UASB performance correlated well with the main shifts in microbial communities of interest. A progressive loss of the methanogenic capacity towards a fully sulfidogenic UASB was explained by a progressive wash-out of methanogenic Archaea, which were outcompeted by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Desulfovibrio was found as the main sulfate-reducing genus in the reactor along time. A progressive reduction in the sulfidogenic capacity of the UASB was found in the long run due to the accumulation of a slime-like substance in the UASB.

scholarly journals Microbial Removal of Pb(II) Using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Chimhundi ◽  
Carla Hörstmann ◽  
Evans M. N. Chirwa ◽  
Hendrik G. Brink
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Microbial Removal ◽  
Maximum Removal

The main objective of this study was to achieve the continuous biorecovery and bioreduction of Pb(II) using an industrially obtained consortia as a biocatalyst. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was used in the treatment process. The bioremediation technique that was applied made use of a yeast extract as the microbial substrate and Pb(NO3)2 as the source of Pb(II). The UASB reactor exhibited removal efficiencies of between 90 and 100% for the inlet Pb concentrations from 80 to 2000 ppm and a maximum removal rate of 1948.4 mg/(L·d) was measured. XRD and XPS analyses of the precipitate revealed the presence of Pb0, PbO, PbS and PbSO4. Supporting experimental work carried out included growth measurements, pH, oxidation–reduction potentials and nitrate levels.

KINETIC MODELS FOR PREDICTION OF COD EFFLUENT FROM UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) REACTOR FOR CANNERY SEAFOOD WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunwanee Jijai ◽  
Chairat Siripatana ◽  
Sompong O-Thong ◽  
Norli Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Reactor Kinetic ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The three identical lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were operated continuously for treating cannery seafood wastewater at seven hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 days. The different of granule sizes from three sources: a cassava factory (CS), a seafood factory (SS), and a palm oil mill (PS), average sizes in the range 1.5-1.7, 0.7-1.0 and 0.1-0.2 mm respectively were used as inocula for anaerobic digestion. The UASB-R1 used only granules from seafood factory (R1-SS), the UASB-R2 used mixed granules from seafood with cassava factory (R2-SS+CS) and the UASB-R3 used mixed granules from seafood factory with palm oil mill (R3-SS+PS). In this study selected mathematical models including Monod, Contois, Grau second-order and modified Stover-Kicannon kinetic models were applied to determine the substrate removal kinetics of UASB reactor. Kinetic parameters were determined through linear regression using experimental data obtained from the steady-state experiment and subsequently used to predict effluent COD. The results showed that Grau second-order and modified Stover-Kicannon kinetic models were more suitable than that of others for predicting the effluent COD, with high the correlation coefficient (R2). In addition, the UASB-R2 from mixed granules with cassava factory (SS+CS) gave the best performance and highest coefficient value.

Nitrite reduction and methanogenesis in a single-stage UASB reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2236-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Borges ◽  
C. M. López-Vazquez ◽  
H. García ◽  
J. B. van Lier
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
N Removal

In this study, nitrite reduction and methanogenesis in a single-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was investigated, using high-strength synthetic domestic wastewater as substrate. To assess long-term effects and evaluate the mechanisms that allow successful nitrite reduction and methanogenesis in a single-stage UASB, sludge was exposed to relatively high nitrite loading rates (315 ± 13 mgNO2−-N/(l.d)), using a chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen ratio of 18 gCOD/gNO2−-N, and an organic loading rate of 5.4 ± 0.2 gCOD/(l.d). In parallel, the effects of sludge morphology on methanogenesis inhibition were studied by performing short-term batch activity tests at different COD/NO2−-N ratios with anaerobic sludge samples. In long-term tests, denitrification was practically complete and COD removal efficiency did not change significantly after nitrite addition. Furthermore, methane production only decreased by 13%, agreeing with the reducing equivalents requirement for complete NO2− reduction to N2. Apparently, the spatial separation of denitrification and methanogenesis zones inside the UASB reactor allowed nitrite reduction and methanogenesis to occur at the same moment. Batch tests showed that granules seem to protect methanogens from nitrite inhibition, probably due to transport limitations. Combined COD and N removal via nitrite in a single-stage UASB reactor could be a feasible technology to treat high-strength domestic wastewater.

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