scholarly journals Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation for Disabling Diabetic Hemiballism/Hemichorea

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-chul Son ◽  
Jin-gyu Choi ◽  
Hak-cheol Ko
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus Internus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
T1 Hyperintensity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Deep Brain

Unilateral hemichorea/hemiballism (HH) associated with contralateral neuroimaging abnormalities of the basal ganglia, which is characterized by T1 hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and is secondary to diabetic nonketotic hyperglycemia, is a rare and unique complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM). Although almost all prior reports have documented rapid resolution of HH within days after normalization of blood glucose levels, medically refractory persistent HH has been noted. The experience of surgical intervention for persistent HH is limited. A 46-year-old, right-handed female patient with type 2 DM presented with refractory diabetic HH on the left side of 6 months’ duration despite DM control and neuroleptic medication usage. Image-guided deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the right globus pallidus internus (GPi) was performed. A mechanical micropallidotomy effect was observed and chronic stimulation of GPi was quite effective in symptomatic control of diabetic HH until a 16-month follow-up visit. DBS of the GPi can be an effective treatment for medically refractory diabetic HH.

Deep brain stimulation for dystonia confirming a somatotopic organization in the globus pallidus internus

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Vayssiere ◽  
Niels van der Gaag ◽  
Laura Cif ◽  
Simone Hemm ◽  
Regis Verdier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus Internus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Somatotopic Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Inferior Limb ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Deep Brain

Object. In patients with dystonia, symptoms vary greatly in their extent and severity. The efficacy of pallidal stimulation is now established, but an interindividual variability in the responses to this treatment exists. A retrospective analysis of postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images demonstrated millimetric variations in the positions of electrode contacts inside the posterolateroventral portion of the globus pallidus internus (GPi). It therefore seemed very likely that there is a somatotopic organization within the GPi. The goal of this study was to examine the positions of specific electrode contacts according to patients' clinical evolution, so that a somatotopic organization within the GPi could be defined. Methods. This study included 19 patients (17 of whom were right handed) with generalized dystonia who were treated by bilateral stimulation of the GPi. Patients were examined pre- and postoperatively by using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale. Dividing the patient's body into three parts—cervicoaxial area, superior limb, and inferior limb—we determined the following: 1) where the dystonic symptoms started; 2) where symptoms predominated at the time of surgery; and 3) where the highest postoperative improvement was observed. Variations in clinical response were correlated to the positions of the electrode contacts. All activated electrode contacts were in the posterolateroventral portion of the GPi (Laitinen target). A correlation between the contact location measured longitudinally and the part of the body in which the highest improvement was observed (three different areas; p = 0.004) showed that a location more anterior for the inferior limb and one more posterior for the superior limb were delineated for the right side, but not for the left side. Conclusions. Inside the posterolateroventral subvolume of the GPi on the right side, three statistically different locations of electrode contacts were determined to be primary deep brain stimulation treatment sites for particular body parts in cases of dystonia.

Prognostic value of globus pallidus internus volume in primary dystonia treated by deep brain stimulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Vasques ◽  
Laura Cif ◽  
Olivier Hess ◽  
Sophie Gavarini ◽  
Gerard Mennessier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus Internus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Primary Dystonia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deep Brain

Object Given that improvement is variable from one patient to another, the authors analyzed the impact of globus pallidus internus (GPi) volume on the result of deep brain stimulation (DBS) by comparing highly and less improved patients with primary dystonodyskinetic syndromes. Methods A stereotactic model was developed to visualize and quantify the relationship between the isofield lines generated by the DBS lead and GPi target. The model was used in 30 right-handed selected patients with primary dystonodyskinetic syndromes who had been treated using bilateral stimulation of the sensorimotor GPi. Ten healthy control individuals were also included in the study. First, the authors compared the GPi volumes between patients and healthy controls. Second, the stimulated GPi volumes, that is, the intersection between the volume of each isofield value and the GPi volumes, were compared between less improved and highly improved patients. Results Improvement in the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale's motor score was rated > 90% in 20 patients (97 ± 4.6%) and < 60% in 10 patients (56.9 ± 6%). The mean volume of the right (461.8 ± 81.8 mm3) and left (406.6 ± 113.2 mm3) GPi in patients showing less response to DBS was significantly smaller than the GPi volume of patients who responded well (right 539.9 ± 86.6 mm3, left 510.6 ± 88.7 mm3) and healthy controls (right 557.8 ± 109.1 mm3, left 525.1 ± 40.8 mm3). Conclusions On the left side, the mean stimulated volumes (isofield line range 0.2–1 V/mm) were significantly larger in highly improved than in less improved patients. In this model, the threshold for functional effect was calculated at 0.2 V/mm.

Treatment of Persistent Hemiballism with Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus: Case Report and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 368-370
Author(s):  
Somnath V. Ganapa ◽  
Margish D. Ramani ◽  
Oladotun O. Ebunlomo ◽  
Raphia K. Rahman ◽  
Yehuda Herschman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus Internus ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Tractography-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anteromedial Globus Pallidus Internus for Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Azriel ◽  
Sarah Farrand ◽  
Maria Di Biase ◽  
Andrew Zalesky ◽  
Elaine Lui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Globus Pallidus Internus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractBACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCEObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder, mainly treated with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Surgical intervention may be appropriate for patients with treatment-refractory OCD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an alternative for previously common ablative surgical procedures. Tractography has been proposed as a method for individualizing DBS treatment and may have the potential to improve efficacy.CLINICAL PRESENTATIONWe present a patient with treatment-refractory OCD previously treated with bilateral leucotomies, who underwent DBS surgery with targeting informed by tractography. Preoperative tractography to identify suitable DBS targets was undertaken. Structural images were also utilized for standard stereotactic surgical planning. The anteromedial globus pallidus internus (amGPi) was chosen as the target bilaterally after consideration of white matter projections to frontal cortical regions and neurosurgical approach. Bilateral amGPi DBS surgery was undertaken without adverse events. At 16-mo follow-up, there was a 48.5% reduction in OCD symptom severity as measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.CONCLUSIONThe amGPi can be a successful DBS target for OCD. This is the first known case to report on DBS surgery postleucotomies for OCD and highlights the utility of tractography for surgical planning in OCD.

Treatment of idiopathic head drop (camptocephalia) by deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damianos E. Sakas ◽  
Ioannis G. Panourias ◽  
Efstathios J. Boviatsis ◽  
Marios S. Themistocleous ◽  
Lambis C. Stavrinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus Internus ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Lying Down ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus has been shown to be beneficial in a small number of patients suffering from axial dystonias. However, it has not yet been reported as an effective treatment for the alleviation of idiopathic head drop. The authors describe a 49-year-old woman with idiopathic cervical dystonia (camptocephalia) who was unable to raise her head > 30° when standing or sitting; her symptoms would abate when lying down. This disabling neurological condition was treated successfully with bilateral chronic electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus internus.

Successful bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for persistent status dystonicus and generalized chorea

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Apetauerova ◽  
Clemens M. Schirmer ◽  
Jay L. Shils ◽  
Janet Zani ◽  
Jeffrey E. Arle
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Globus Pallidus Internus ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Status Dystonicus ◽  
Hyperkinetic Movement Disorder ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

The authors report the cases of 2 young male patients (aged 16 and 26 years) with dystonic cerebral palsy of unknown origin, who developed status dystonicus, an acute and persistent combination of generalized dystonia and chorea. Both patients developed status dystonicus after undergoing general anesthesia, and in 1 case, after administration of metoclopramide. In attempting to control this acute hyperkinetic movement disorder, multiple medication trials failed in both cases and patients required prolonged intubation and sedation with propofol. Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus (4 and 2 months after the onset of symptoms in the first and second case, respectively) produced immediate resolution of the hyperkinetic movement disorder in each case. Deep brain stimulation provided persistent suppression of the dystonic movement potential after a follow-up of 30 and 34 months, respectively, as demonstrated by the reemergence of severe dystonia during the end of battery life of the implantable pulse generators that was readily controlled by exchange of the generators in each case.

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