scholarly journals In Situ Wire Drawing of Phosphate Glass in Polymer Matrices for Material Extrusion 3D Printing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gilberto Siqueiros ◽  
David A. Roberson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Material System ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Material Extrusion

A strategy to increase the amount of materials available for additive manufacturing platforms such as material extrusion 3D printing (ME3DP) is the creation of printable thermoplastic composites. Potential limiters to the incorporation of filler materials into a thermoplastic resin include agglomeration of the filler materials, which can compromise the mechanical properties of the material system and a static morphology of the filler material. A potential solution to these issues is the use of filler materials with low glass transition temperatures allowing for a change in morphology during the extrusion process. Here, we successfully demonstrate the drawing of phosphate glass particles into a wire-like morphology within two polymeric systems: (1) a rubberized acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) blend and (2) polylactic acid (PLA). After applying a normalization process to account for the effect of air gap within the 3D printed test specimens, an enhancement in the mechanical properties was demonstrated where an increase in strength was as high as 21% over baseline specimens. Scanning electron microanalysis was used to characterize the fracture surface and wire drawing efficacy. Factors affecting the ability to achieve wire drawing such as polymer viscosity and print temperature are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Research and Implementation of Axial 3D Printing Method for PLA Pipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4680
Author(s):  
Haiguang Zhang ◽  
Wenguang Zhong ◽  
Qingxi Hu ◽  
Mohamed Aburaia ◽  
Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
G Code ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Actual Stress ◽  
Printing Method

Additive manufacturing has been applied in many fields, but its layer-by-layer fabrication process leads to a weak inter-layer bond strength of printed parts, so it cannot meet the higher requirements for mechanical properties of the industry. At present, many researchers are studying the printing path planning method to improve the mechanical properties of printed parts. This paper proposes a method to plan the printing path according to the actual stress of pipe parts, and introduces the realization process of an algorithm in detail, and obtains the printing control G-code. Additionally, a 5-axis material extrusion platform was built to realize the printing of polylactic acid pipes with plane and space skeleton curves, respectively, which verified the feasibility and applicability of the method and the correctness of the planning path with standard material extrusion filaments. Finally, the tensile and bending experiments prove that axial printing enhances the mechanical properties of pipe parts.

Mechanical Properties of Metal-Plastic Composite with Internal Fractal Shape Reinforcing Structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Jiří Bobek ◽  
Jiří Šafka ◽  
Martin Seidl ◽  
Jiří Habr
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Multiphase System ◽  
Material System ◽  
System Matrix ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Step Over

This paper deals with mechanical properties research of innovative polymer multiphase metal and polymer composite materials consisting of matrix and isotropic or anisotropic oriented deterministic fractal shapes made by 3D printing. By creating of reinforcing internal structure consisting of deterministic fractal connected shapes is possible to gain unlimited mechanical properties directing. These fractal shapes - placed in multiphase system matrix – are significantly influencing whole material system mechanical properties mainly in case of stress on the limit of strength, proportional elongation on the limit of strength or tensile/ flexural modulus. Fractal shapes are also possible to properly locate, orient or shape modify according to potential material using with goal to gain maximal efficiency of fractal shapes occurrence. Producing of this multiphase system is realized by the help of 3D printing technology. Internal fractal shape structure is 3D printed from aluminium. This feature is in the next step over injected by polymer. So is possible to create any fractal shapes placed in polymer matrix which are by another technology unmanufacturable. Mechanical properties analyse is performed with respect to fractal shape type, fractal dimension, and fractal shape orientation.

scholarly journals Effect of Material on the Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured Thermoplastic Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
D. K. K. Cavalcanti ◽  
M. D. Banea ◽  
H. F. M. de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Printing Time

Additive manufacturing (AM) also called 3D printing, is an emerging process in the manufacturing sector with increasing new applications in aerospace, prototyping, medical devices and product development, among others. The resistance of the AM part is determined by the chosen material and the printing parameters. As novel materials and AM methods are continuously being developed, there is a need for the development and mechanical characterization of suitable materials for 3D printing. In this study, the influence of the material and the 3D-printing parameters on the mechanical properties of additive manufactured thermoplastic parts was investigated. Three different filaments that are commercially available: Polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and Tritan were used. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out, in accordance to ASTM standards, to investigate and compare the mechanical properties of the AM parts as a function of material used. The results showed that the type of filaments had the greatest influence on the mechanical properties of the AM parts. The maximum strength and stiffness were obtained for the PLA specimens. Tritan displayed the highest deformation, while the PLA manifested the lowest deformation capacity. The mechanical properties of the printed parts also depend on the printing parameters. The parameters used in this work are a good compromise between the printing time and the mechanical properties.

STUDY ON COOLING RATE-DEPENDENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RYO HIGUCHI ◽  
SOTA OSHIMA ◽  
SHU MINAKUCHI ◽  
TOMOHIRO YOKOZEKI ◽  
TAKAHIRA AOKI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Reinforced Thermoplastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics

This study investigates the effect of solidification conditions on the crystallization behaviors and mechanical properties of thermoplastic resin and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP). In particular, the crystallinity, elastic modulus, plastic behavior, strength, and fracture toughness were investigated in Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) and CF/PPS manufactured by different cooling rates. Based on experimental results, the cooling-rate-dependent elasto-plastic constitutive law of resin was developed empirically. Finally, the homogenized simulations of CF/PPS were conducted using the developed empirical model, and predicted results were compared with experiments.

scholarly journals FDM 3D Printing of Polymers Containing Natural Fillers: A Review of their Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Mazzanti ◽  
Lorenzo Malagutti ◽  
Francesco Mollica
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Additive Formulation ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

As biodegradable thermoplastics are more and more penetrating the market of filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, fillers in the form of natural fibers are convenient: They have the clear advantage of reducing cost, yet retaining the filament biodegradability characteristics. In plastics that are processed through standard techniques (e.g., extrusion or injection molding), natural fibers have a mild reinforcing function, improving stiffness and strength, it is thus interesting to evaluate whether the same holds true also in the case of FDM produced components. The results analyzed in this review show that the mechanical properties of the most common materials, i.e., acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and PLA, do not benefit from biofillers, while other less widely used polymers, such as the polyolefins, are found to become more performant. Much research has been devoted to studying the effect of additive formulation and processing parameters on the mechanical properties of biofilled 3D printed specimens. The results look promising due to the relevant number of articles published in this field in the last few years. This notwithstanding, not all aspects have been explored and more could potentially be obtained through modifications of the usual FDM techniques and the devices that have been used so far.

Investigations on 3D printed thermosetting and ceramic-reinforced recycled thermoplastic-based functional prototypes

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571986462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar ◽  
Inderpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Ceramic Particles ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
3D Printed

The 3D printing of thermoplastic polymers (both virgin and reinforced with metal/ceramic particles) has been widely explored in recent past with fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. But hitherto very little has been reported on 3D printing of thermoplastics polymers with reinforcement of thermosetting polymers and ceramic particles. This article is an extension of work reported on thermo-mechanical investigations on waste thermosetting polymer bakelite and ceramic (silicon carbide and aluminium oxide) as reinforcement in recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic matrix for sustainability. The study reports the experimental investigations on mechanical (tensile), morphological, surface hardness and thermal stability analysis of 3D printed functional prototype as tensile specimen (as per ASTM D 638). In the present case study, it has been ascertained that composition/proportion of thermoplastic matrix has a significant role in controlling the mechanical properties, whereas other input process parameters of FDM are insignificant. The results of the study suggest that thermosetting and ceramic-reinforced ABS thermoplastic-based 3D printed parts have mechanical properties at par with unreinforced ABS.

scholarly journals On the Direct Extrusion of Magnesium Wires from Mg-Al-Zn Series Alloys

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Maria Nienaber ◽  
Sangbong Yi ◽  
Karl Ulrich Kainer ◽  
Dietmar Letzig ◽  
Jan Bohlen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Direct Extrusion ◽  
Al Content ◽  
One Step ◽  
Typical Process

Wires of magnesium alloys possess a high potential, e.g., as filler materials, for joining applications but also for biodegradable applications, such as suture materials. While the typical process of producing wires is based on a wire drawing process, direct extrusion by using adjusted dies to deal with high degrees of deformation allows a one-step manufacturing of wires to some extent. In this work, the extrusion of wires with a thickness of 1 mm and even lower is shown feasible for pure magnesium and three Al-containing magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ80, AZ91). The surface quality and the mechanical properties are improved with increasing Al content. It is shown that, despite the large difference in the degrees of deformation, the properties and their development are similar to those of extruded round bars. Wrapping tests were carried out as an exemplary more complex forming procedure, and the behavior is correlated to the microstructure and texture of the extruded wires.

scholarly journals Flexure Behaviors of ABS-based Composites Containing Carbon and Kevlar Fibers by Material Extrusion 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Li ◽  
Rao ◽  
Wu ◽  
Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Kevlar Fiber ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Reinforced Thermoplastics ◽  
Short Carbon ◽  
Strength And Ductility

: Short-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics are popular for improving the mechanical properties exhibited by pristine thermoplastic materials. Due to the inherent conflict between strength and ductility, there are only a few successful cases of simultaneous enhancement of these two properties in polymer composite components. The objective of this work was to explore the feasibility of simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in ABS-based composites with short-carbon and Kevlar fiber reinforcement by material extrusion 3D printing (ME3DP). Microstructure characterization and measurement of thermal and mechanical properties were conducted to evaluate the fiber-reinforced ABS. The influence of printing raster orientation and build direction on the mechanical properties of material extrusion of 3D-printed composites was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrated that the reinforcement of the ABS-based composites by short-carbon and Kevlar fibers under optimized 3D-printing conditions led to balanced flexural strength and ductility. The ABS-based composites with a raster orientation of ±45° and side build direction presented the highest flexural behaviors among the samples in the current study. The main reason was attributed to the printed contour layers and the irregular zigzag paths, which could delay the initiation and propagation of microcracks.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Applications of Recycled Polycarbonate Particle Material Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Reich ◽  
Aubrey L. Woern ◽  
Nagendra G. Tanikella ◽  
Joshua M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Particle Material ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Lower Melting Point

Past work has shown that particle material extrusion (fused particle fabrication (FPF)/fused granular fabrication (FGF)) has the potential for increasing the use of recycled polymers in 3D printing. This study extends this potential to high-performance (high-mechanical-strength and heat-resistant) polymers using polycarbonate (PC). Recycled PC regrind of approximately 25 mm2 was 3D printed with an open-source Gigabot X and analyzed. A temperature and nozzle velocity matrix was used to find useful printing parameters, and a print test was used to maximize the output for a two-temperature stage extruder for PC. ASTM type 4 tensile test geometries as well as ASTM-approved compression tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of PC and were compared with filament printing and the bulk virgin material. The results showed the tensile strength of parts manufactured from the recycled PC particles (64.9 MPa) were comparable to that of the commercial filament printed on desktop (62.2 MPa) and large-format (66.3 MPa) 3D printers. Three case study applications were investigated: (i) using PC as a rapid molding technology for lower melting point thermoplastics, (ii) printed parts for high temperature applications, and (iii) printed parts for high-strength applications. The results show that recycled PC particle-based 3D printing can produce high-strength and heat-resistant products at low costs.

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