scholarly journals iWordNet: A New Approach to Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Chang ◽  
Monica Chang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
External Representation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Statistical Property ◽  
Circular Definitions ◽  
State Of Mind

One of the main challenges in artificial intelligence or computational linguistics is understanding the meaning of a word or concept. We argue that the connotation of the term “understanding,” or the meaning of the word “meaning,” is merely a word mapping game due to unavoidable circular definitions. These circular definitions arise when an individual defines a concept, the concepts in its definition, and so on, eventually forming a personalized network of concepts, which we call an iWordNet. Such an iWordNet serves as an external representation of an individual’s knowledge and state of mind at the time of the network construction. As a result, “understanding” and knowledge can be regarded as a calculable statistical property of iWordNet topology. We will discuss the construction and analysis of the iWordNet, as well as the proposed “Path of Understanding” in an iWordNet that characterizes an individual’s understanding of a complex concept such as a written passage. In our pilot study of 20 subjects we used a regression model to demonstrate that the topological properties of an individual’s iWordNet are related to his IQ score, a relationship that suggests iWordNets as a potential new methodology to studying cognitive science and artificial intelligence.

How to make an autonomous robot as a partner with humans: design approach versus emergent approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 365 (1850) ◽  
pp. 21-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Real World ◽  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Autonomous Robot ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
World Environment

In this paper, we discuss what factors are important to realize an autonomous robot as a partner with humans. We believe that it is important to interact with people without boring them, using verbal and non-verbal communication channels. We have already developed autonomous robots such as AIBO and QRIO, whose behaviours are manually programmed and designed. We realized, however, that this design approach has limitations; therefore we propose a new approach, intelligence dynamics , where interacting in a real-world environment using embodiment is considered very important. There are pioneering works related to this approach from brain science, cognitive science, robotics and artificial intelligence. We assert that it is important to study the emergence of entire sets of autonomous behaviours and present our approach towards this goal.

Was zeichnet eine moderne Auffassung von Geist aus?

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Achim Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Situated Cognition ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Artificial Agent ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Disciplinary Perspective ◽  
Aristotelian Tradition

‘Having a mind’ is construed as having a variety of mental capacities such as perceiving, memorizing, learning, or reasoning. In cognitive science, these capacities are studied from an integrative trans-disciplinary perspective that combines anthropology, artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy and psychology. To approach mental phenomena by combining philosophical insights with those from the natural sciences is part of the Aristotelian tradition. Accordingly, the paper also portrays the most salient models of mental processing – the computer model, connectionism and situated cognition. Eventually, an example of an artificial agent – Affective AutoTutor – is introduced that exhibits striking cognitive capacities, but still seems to lack what is expected from someone who ‘has a mind’.

scholarly journals Compositionality Meets Belief Revision: a Bayesian Model of Modification

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-880
Author(s):  
Corina Strößner
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Belief Revision ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Defeasible Reasoning ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Prototype Concepts ◽  
Normative Account ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe principle of compositionality claims that the content of a complex concept is determined by its constituent concepts and the way in which they are composed. However, for prototype concepts this principle is often too rigid. Blurring the division between conceptual composition and belief update has therefore been suggested (Hampton and Jönsson 2012). Inspired by this idea, we develop a normative account of how belief revision and meaning composition should interact in modifications such as “red apple” or “pet hamster”. We do this by combining the well-known selective modification model (Smith et al. Cognitive science 12(4):485–527 1988) with the rules of Bayesian belief update. Moreover, we relate this model to systems of defeasible reasoning as discussed in the field of artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Representations, Affordances, and Interactive Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Robert Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Algorithmic Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The history of algorithmic composition using a digital computer has undergone many representations—data structures that encode some aspects of the outside world, or processes and entities within the program itself. Parallel histories in cognitive science and artificial intelligence have (of necessity) confronted their own notions of representations, including the ecological perception view of J.J. Gibson, who claims that mental representations are redundant to the affordances apparent in the world, its objects, and their relations. This review tracks these parallel histories and how the orientations and designs of multimodal interactive systems give rise to their own affordances: the representations and models used expose parameters and controls to a creator that determine how a system can be used and, thus, what it can mean.

scholarly journals New approach to evaluate the equivalent circulating density (ECD) using artificial intelligence techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1569-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Z. Abdelgawad ◽  
Mahmoud Elzenary ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Abdulazeez Abdulraheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques

scholarly journals Definiteness

Linguistics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus von Heusinger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Definite Expressions

Definiteness is a semantic-pragmatic notion that is closely associated with the use of the definite article (or determiner) in languages like English, Hungarian, Hebrew, and Lakhota. The definite article can be used in different conditions: deictic, anaphoric, unique, and certain indirect uses, often also called “bridging uses.” Accordingly, there are different semantic theories of definiteness, such as the salience theory, the familiarity or identifiability theory, and the uniqueness or inclusiveness theory. Definite expressions cover personal pronouns, proper names, demonstratives, definite noun phrases, and universally quantified expressions. Noun phrases with the definite article, known as “definite descriptions,” are a key issue in semantics and analytic philosophy with respect to the interaction of reference and description in identifying an object. The research and analysis of definiteness is of great importance not only for the linguistic structure of languages but also for our understanding of reference and referring in philosophy, cognitive science, computational linguistics, and communication science.

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