scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effect of Citral on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Sayuri Uchida ◽  
Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho ◽  
Gabriel Fernando Esteves Cardia ◽  
Edivaldo Cremer ◽  
Francielli Maria de Souza Silva-Comar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
No Production ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

High doses of acetaminophen (APAP) lead to acute liver damage. In this study, we evaluated the effects of citral in a murine model of hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. The liver function markers alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) were determined to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of citral. The livers were used to determine myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production and in histological analysis. The effect of citral on leukocyte migration and antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro. Citral pretreatment decreased significantly the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and γGT, MPO activity, and NO production. The histopathological analysis showed an improvement of hepatic lesions in mice after citral pretreatment. Citral inhibited neutrophil migration and exhibited antioxidant activity. Our results suggest that citral protects the liver against liver toxicity induced by APAP.

Protective Effect of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil in Experimental Model of Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 515-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Sayuri Uchida ◽  
Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho ◽  
Rafael Pazinatto Aguiar ◽  
Luiz Alexandre Marques Wiirzler ◽  
Gabriel Fernando Esteves Cardia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
No Production ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus or lemongrass essential oil (LGO), it was used in an animal model of acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP). Swiss mice were pretreated with LGO (125, 250 and 500[Formula: see text]mg/kg) and SLM (standard drug, 200[Formula: see text]mg/kg) for a duration of seven days, followed by the induction of hepatotoxicity of APAP (single dose, 250[Formula: see text]mg/kg). The liver function markers alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase were determined to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of the LGO. The livers were used to determine myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, nitric oxide (NO) production and histological analysis. The effect of LGO on leukocyte migration was evaluated in vitro. Anti-oxidant activity was performed by assessing the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro. LGO pretreatment decreased significantly the levels of ALT, AST and ALP compared with APAP group. MPO activity and NO production were decreased. The histopathological analysis showed an improved of hepatic lesions in mice after LGO pretreatment. LGO inhibited neutrophil migration and exhibited anti-oxidant activity. Our results suggest that LGO has protective activity against liver toxicity induced by paracetamol.

Interactions Between Dental Composite Resins and Saliva A comparative biochemical in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533
Author(s):  
Mihaela Pantea ◽  
Diana Andreea Ighigeanu ◽  
Alexandra Totan ◽  
Maria Greabu ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Dental Composite Resins ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

This in vitro study analyses the biochemical interaction between saliva and three types of dental composite resins (a direct resin, an indirect resin and a dual-cure resin used for cementation of indirect dental restorations). The resin samples were obtained following a specific protocol and in line with the producers� recommendations; the resin samples were incubated with saliva samples collected from 19 healthy volunteers. The obtained results showed that the tested composite resins did not produce significant changes in oxidative stress parameters that were analysed (albumin, uric acid, GGT / gamma glutamyl transferase, OXSR-1 / oxidative stress responsive kinase 1) and do not influence the inflammatory salivary status reflected by the levels of IL-6 - an inflammatory marker.

scholarly journals Study of the Activity of 3-benzyl-5-(4-chloro-arylazo)-4-thioxo-imidazolidin-2-one against Schistosomiasis Mansoni in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Cristina Apolinário da Silva ◽  
Juliana Kelle de Andrade Lemoine Neves ◽  
João Inácio Irmão ◽  
Vláudia Maria Assis Costa ◽  
Valdênia Maria Oliveira Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
No Production ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Oil Water

Previous studies conducted with the imidazolidinic derivative 3-benzyl-5-(4-chloro-arylazo)-4-thioxo-imidazolidin-2-one (LPSF-PT05) show outstanding activity against adultSchistosoma mansoniwormsin vitro. In the first phase of this study,S. mansoni-infected mice were treated, orally, with 100 mg/Kg of the LPSF-PT05 in three formulations: Tween 80 and saline solution, oil/water (70 : 30) emulsion, and solid dispersion with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the second phase, three other doses of the LPSF-PT05 in PEG were tested: 3, 10, 30 mg/kg. These treatment regimens significantly reduced the number of recovered worms due to increases in the solubility of the compound in this formulation; the greatest reduction (70.5%) was observed at the dose of 100 mg/kg. There was no changes in the pattern of mature egg compared to immature eggs; however there was a significant increase in the number of dead eggs. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue showed changes in morphological aspects of the hepatic parenchyma with decrease exudative-productive hepatic granuloma stages, although we found no significant differences in IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, or NO production in response to the specific antigen SEA. The results show the derivative LPSF-PT05 to be a potential candidate in the etiological treatment of schistosomiasis with a possible dampening effect of the granulomatous process.

scholarly journals Flavonoids content of 70% methanolic extract of Erucaria pinnata (Viv.) and its effect as anticancer and antiangiognic: in vitro, in vivo and docking study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Nadia I. Zakhary ◽  
Emad E.H. El Gemeie ◽  
Adel K. Youssef ◽  
Marwa Abdel-salam Ibrahim Metwaly
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Erucaria pinnata (Viv.) is a wild annual plant growing in North-Western Coastal Region in Egypt. This study reports for the first time the cytotoxic activity of different extracts of Erucaria pinnata plant against HEP-G2 cell line. The 70% methanolic extract (E1) recorded the best potent cytotoxic activity (IC50=13.6 µg/ml), so we analysis the flavonoids constituent of this extract using HPLC, which show that our extract is rich with important flavonoids compounds (rutin, quercetin, leutolin, etc.). We evaluated its antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (200mg/Kg. b.wt., i.p, single dose) after two weeks, animals received carbontetrachloride (CCl4) (3ml/Kg. b.wt., SC, once a week for 6 weeks) and the experiment continued for 44 weeks in rats. After the experimental period, the administration of DEN/CCl4 showed significant increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) and significant decrease in the levels of total proteins and albumin content in the serum with reduction in the liver antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). This was accompanied by increases in serum specific tumor markers (AFP). The 70% methanolic plant extract (E1) was orally administrated (400mg/kg/day respectively) for the whole study period, and it showed a significant improvement at the different biological liver functions, remodeled the antioxidant enzymes activity and down-regulated the serum AFP. All these findings were confirmed by histopathological studies of the liver samples obtained from all groups. In addition, we evaluated its antiangeogenic activity by docking study against VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase after it showed an ability to inhibit the VEGFR-2 expression in vitro and inhibit the concentration of VEGF-A in vivo. The hepatoprotective effect of our extract was attributed to its antioxidant and antiangeogenic activity.

scholarly journals Roles of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract in Improving the Impact of High Dietary Intake of Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Liver Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Genotoxicity, DNA Damage, and PCNA Alterations in Male Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarfa Albrahim ◽  
Manal Abdulaziz Binobead
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
The Impact

It is common for food to be made more palatable through the use of the flavour enhancer monosodium glutamate, also known as vetsin powder. The purpose of the study described in this paper was to explore how vetsin-induced hepatic toxicity, DNA fragmentation, damage, and oxidative stress modifications could be mitigated with moringa leaf extract (MLE). To that end, 40 male rats were separated into four groups: normal control, positive control or MLE, vetsin, and vetsin combined with MLE. Results indicated that, compared to the control group, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), liver malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage, injury, PCNA, and P53 expressions were significantly enhanced by the administration of vetsin (P<0.05). However, the vetsin group had significantly reduced levels of albumin, globulin, total protein, liver glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities (P<0.05) by comparison to control. Meanwhile, modifications in liver functions, oxidative stress, DNA damage, liver injury, and PCNA expression were alleviated when vetsin was administered alongside MLE. The authors conclude that vetsin may have many side effects and that MLE can ameliorate biochemical changes, oxidative stress, hepatic injury, PCNA, and P53 alterations induced by vetsin administration.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive Activity and Redox Profile of the Monoterpenes (+)-Camphene, p-Cymene, and Geranyl Acetate in Experimental Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucindo Quintans-Júnior ◽  
José C. F. Moreira ◽  
Matheus A. B. Pasquali ◽  
Soheyla M. S. Rabie ◽  
André S. Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
No Production ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Objective. To evaluate antinocicpetive and redox properties of the monoterpenes (+)-camphene, p-cymene, and geranyl acetate in in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Methods. Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity of (+)-camphene, p-cymene, and geranyl acetate using different free radical-generating systems and evaluation of antinociceptive actions by acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced nociception tests in mice. Results. p-Cymene has the strongest antinociceptive effect, but (+)-camphene and geranyl acetate also present significant activity at high doses (200 mg/kg). (+)-Camphene had the strongest antioxidant effect in vitro at TBARS and TRAP/TAR assays and also had the highest scavenging activities against different free radicals, such as hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Sodium nitroprussiate-derived NO production was enhanced by (+)-camphene. Geranyl acetate and p-cymene also presented some antioxidant effects, but with a varying profile according the free radical-generating system studied. Conclusion. (+)-Camphene, p-cymene, and geranyl acetate may present pharmacological properties related to inflammation and pain-related processes, being potentially useful for development of new therapeutic strategies, with limited possibilities for p-cymene and geranyl acetate.

scholarly journals High Birth Weight Increases the Chance of Mortality in Girolando Calves 2 Conceived Through in Vitro Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Amélia Agnes Weiller ◽  
Evandro Schmoeller ◽  
Antônio Amaral Barbosa ◽  
Adriane Dalla Costa de Matos ◽  
Marcio Nunes Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine zootechnical and health performance of Girolando calves born with high or low birth weight, and compare metabolic parameters between groups. The study was carried out on a commercial dairy farm located in Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In this sense, a hundred Girolando calves were divided into 2 groups: Control, which consisted of calves that were born weighing ≤ 35 kg; and HBW, calves that were born weighing > 35 kg. Calves were monitored for zootechnical parameters; epidemiological indexes such as morbidity, mortality, recurrence of diarrhea, pneumonia; as well as serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, cholesterol, triglycerides, paraoxonase1, albumin, urea and globulin). Calves from the HBW group had a higher mortality rate as well as a tendency to more cases of pneumonia, but no effect on zootechnical performance was seen. The reasons for the differences in mortality need to be clarified since our study found no changes in biochemical parameters between the groups. The results allow us to conclude that Girolando calves from in vitro fertilization that are born heavier have a greater chance of clinical complications and a higher mortality rate, but the birth weight does not influence the zootechnical performance.

scholarly journals Influence of 4-hydroxynonenal and spleen cells on primary hepatocyte culture and a novel liver-derived cell line resembling hepatocyte stem cells.

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cipak ◽  
Suzana Borovic ◽  
Morana Jaganjac ◽  
Nikolaus Bresgen ◽  
Iva Kirac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
Physiological Factor ◽  
Biliverdin Reductase ◽  
Peroxidation Product ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Liver is a unique mammalian organ with a great capacity of regeneration related to its function. After surgical resection or injury, hepatic cells, especially hepatocytes, can proliferate rapidly to repair the damage and to regenerate the structure without affecting the function of the liver. Loss of catalase activity during regeneration indicates that oxidative stress is present in the liver not only in pathological conditions but also as a 'physiological' factor during regeneration. As we have shown in our previous work, liver stem cell-like cells treated with 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a cytotoxic and growth regulating lipid peroxidation product, recover in the presence of spleen cells. In the current study we characterized this novel cell line as liver-derived progenitor/oval-like cells, (LDP/OCs), i.e. functional liver stem-like cells. We showed that LDP/OC were OV6 positive, with abundant glycogen content in the cytoplasm and expressed alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, biliverdin reductase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Also, we compared their growth in vitro with the growth of cultured primary hepatocytes stressed with HNE and co-cultured with autologous spleen cells. The influence of spleen cells on HNE-treated primary hepatocytes and on LDP/OCs showed that spleen cells support in a similar manner the recovery of both types of liver cells indicating their important role in regeneration. Hence, LDP/OC cells may provide a valuable tool to study cell interactions and the role on HNE in liver regeneration.

Effect of inhaled waste anaesthetic gas on blood and liver parameters among hospital staff

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1585-1595
Author(s):  
AM Emara ◽  
KA Alrasheedi ◽  
MA Aldubayan ◽  
AH Alhowail ◽  
RM Elgarabawy
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Inorganic Fluoride ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Liver Parameters ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Haematological Indices

A significant health risk exists within a section of health workers that are exposed to anaesthetic gas and vapours, found in the atmosphere of treatment or operating rooms. These compounds are classified as waste anaesthetic gases (WAG). The present study aimed at identifying alterations in hepatic and haematological parameters occurring as a result of chronic exposure to WAG potentially affecting the health of team members working in hospitals. Therefore, operating room operatives, vulnerable to long-standing WAG exposure, were recruited for this study. Sevoflurane anaesthesia metabolites (inorganic fluoride and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)), haematological indices and liver toxicity markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and osteopontin) were measured. The collected results showed increased plasma inorganic fluoride, HFIP and liver toxicity markers, as well as disturbances in haematological parameters. In conclusion, exposure to halogenated inhalational anaesthetics, in general, and Sevoflurane, in particular, induces alterations in hepatic markers and haematological indices.

scholarly journals New In Vitro Model of Oxidative Stress: Human Prostate Cells Injured with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for the Screening of Antioxidants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8707
Author(s):  
Christian Galasso ◽  
Concetta Piscitelli ◽  
Christophe Brunet ◽  
Clementina Sansone
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Stress Genes ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
High Doses

The antioxidant activity of natural compounds consists in their ability to modulate gene and protein expression, thus inducing an integrated cell protective response and repair processes against oxidative stress. New screening tools and methodologies are crucial for the actual requirement of new products with antioxidant activity to boost endogenous oxidative stress responsive pathways, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) metabolism and immune system activity, preserving human health and wellness. In this study, we performed and tested an integrated oxidative stress analysis, using DPPH assay and PNT2 cells injured with DPPH. We firstly investigated the mechanism of action of the oxidising agent (DPPH) on PNT2 cells, studying the variation in cell viability, oxidative stress genes, inflammatory mediator and ROS levels. The results reveal that DPPH activated ROS production and release of Prostaglandin E2 in PNT2 at low and intermediate doses, while cells switched from survival to cell death signals at high doses of the oxidising agent. This new in vitro oxidative stress model was validated by using Trolox, β-carotene and total extract of the green microalga Testraselmis suecica. Only the T. suecica extract can completely counteract DPPH-induced injury, since its chemical complexity demonstrated a multilevel protecting and neutralising effect against oxidative stress in PNT2.

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