scholarly journals Winter Waterbird Community Composition and Use at Created Wetlands in West Virginia, USA

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Clipp ◽  
Michael L. Peters ◽  
James T. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Created Wetlands ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Diving Ducks ◽  
Aythya Affinis ◽  
Lesser Scaup ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Anas Strepera

Information on nonbreeding waterbirds using created wetlands in the Central Appalachian region of the United States is limited. We compared waterbird communities of two managed wetlands, created in 2013 and 2001, in West Virginia. We observed 27 species of waterbirds. Species richness and diversity were generally similar between the wetlands, but species composition and use differed.Branta canadensis(Canada Geese),Anas strepera(Gadwall),Bucephala albeola(Buffleheads),Aythya affinis(Lesser Scaup), andAythya collaris(Ring-Necked Ducks) used the older wetland most frequently. Disparities in species use were the highest in March. The older wetland differed from the younger in supporting species such as diving ducks, possibly due to differences in size, vegetation, water depth, and microtopography. However, the ability to provide habitat for waterbirds during the winter was determined to be comparable between wetlands, despite their age difference.

Variation in digestive organ size among five species of diving ducks (Aythya spp.)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2339-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Patrick Kehoe ◽  
C. Davison Ankney
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diving Ducks ◽  
Aythya Affinis ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Lesser Scaup ◽  
Aythya Americana ◽  
Aythya Valisineria ◽  
Intestine Length ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons

Ceca length, small intestine length, and gizzard weight were measured for individuals of five species of diving ducks collected at Long Point Bay, Lake Erie, and Mitchell's Bay, Lake St. Clair, Ontario, in the falls of 1982 and 1983. The five species were Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis, N = 84), Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris, N = 57), Greater Scaup (Aythya marila, N = 54), Redhead (Aythya americana, N = 58), and Canvasback (Aythya valisineria, N = 112). The diets of these species reportedly differ in diversity as well as in amount of fibre, and interspecific differences in gut morphology, not explained by differences in body weight, were accounted for by general differences in diet. Canvasbacks, although the heaviest species, had the shortest ceca, short intestines and light gizzards, presumably because their diet contains the least fibre. Conversely, the relatively small-bodied scaup species had the longest small intestines, likely because of their diverse diets which include animal and plant material. Our results show that morphological differences in waterfowl guts reflect dietary differences at a particular time and location and also illustrate the importance of adjusting gut measurements to body weight before making interspecific comparisons.

Parasitic laying in nests of gadwalls

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Hines ◽  
George J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Aythya Affinis ◽  
Lesser Scaup ◽  
Anas Strepera ◽  
Intraspecific Parasitism

At Waterhen Marsh, Saskatchewan, at least 60 (17%) of 355 completed gadwall (Anas strepera) clutches were parasitized by other gadwalls (9%), lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) (8%). or both species (< 1%). Nests known to be parasitized by gadwalls contained on average at least 7 or 8 parasitic eggs while those parasitized by scaup contained an average of only 1.6 ± 0.2 (SE) parasitic eggs. Most parasitized nests were situated in areas of high nest density. Lesser scaup laid parasitically in gadwall nests located in shorter or sparser cover than most other nests, whereas nests parasitized by gadwalls were in vegetation similar to unparasitized nests. Assuming that nests parasitized by gadwalls contained > 14 eggs, intraspecific parasitism significantly reduced nesting success from 76 to 54%, egg success from 74 to 45%, and hatchability of eggs from 97 to 91%. Interspecific parasitism had no significant effect on nesting success or hatchability, but caused a slight decrease (74 to 67%) in egg success. The differential effect of lesser scaup and gadwall parasitism on host reproductive success was likely due to differences in numbers of parasitic eggs laid in the nest of the host by each species. We hypothesize that parasitism occurred because ducks did not continuously occupy the nest during laying, thereby allowing two or more females to lay eggs synchronously at the same site. Parasitic laying by gadwalls was possibly an anomaly, rather than true parasitism.

Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States : Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne W. Nicholson ◽  
Connie L. Dicken ◽  
John D. Horton ◽  
Keith A. Labay ◽  
Michael P. Foose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geologic Map

Hydrophobic Particle Films Improve Tree Fruit Productivity

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 548a-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
G. Puterka ◽  
T. Baugher ◽  
T. Unruh ◽  
S. Drake
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Hydrophobic Particle

Hydrophobic particle film technology (HPF) is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Studies were established in Chile, and Washington, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia in the United States, to evaluate the effect of HPF technology on tree fruit yield and quality. Studies in Chile, Washington, and West Virginia demonstrated increased photosynthetic rate at the leaf level. Yield was increased in peaches (Chile) and apples (West Virginia), and fruit size was increased in apples (Washington and Pennsylvania). Increased red color in apple was demonstrated at all sites with reduced russetting and `Stayman' cracking in Pennsylvania. HPF technology appears to be an effective tool in reducing water and heat stress in tree fruit resulting in increased fruit quality.

Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Anteau ◽  
Jean-Michel DeVink ◽  
David N. Koons ◽  
Jane E. Austin ◽  
Christine M. Custer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aythya Affinis ◽  
Lesser Scaup

Hepatic Element Concentrations of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) During Spring Migration in the Upper Midwest

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela E. Pillatzki ◽  
Regg D. Neiger ◽  
Steven R. Chipps ◽  
Kenneth F. Higgins ◽  
Nancy Thiex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Migration ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Aythya Affinis ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Lesser Scaup

Abstract 257: Urban Teaching and Non-Teaching Hospitals Outcomes: Myocardial Infarction

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla O Okunji ◽  
Johnnie Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Income Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Urban Teaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Patients with myocardial infarction reportedly have different outcomes on discharge according to hospital characteristics. In the present study, we evaluated the differences between urban teaching hospitals (UTH) and non-teaching hospitals (NTH), discharged in 2012. We also investigated on the outcomes. Methods: Sample of 117,808 subjects diagnosed with myocardial infarction were extracted from a nationwide inpatient stay dataset using the International Classification Data, ICD 9 code 41000 in the United States, according to hospital location, size, and teaching status. Results: The analysis of the data showed that more whites were admitted to both teaching and non teaching hospitals with more males (~24%) admitted than their female counterparts. However, blacks were admitted more (~15%) in urban teaching hospitals than medium urban non teaching hospitals. Age difference was noted as well, while age group (60-79 years) were admitted more in UTH, inversely urban non-teaching hospitals admitted more older (80 years or older) age group. A significant difference (~28%) was observed in both hospital categories with UTH admitting more patients of $1.00 - $38,999.00 income group than other income categories. In addition, it was observed that patients with MI stayed more (~5%) for 14 or more days, and charged more especially for income group of $80,000 or above in UTH than NTH. No significant difference was found in the mortality rate for both hospital categories. Conclusion: The overall outcomes showed that the mortality rate between urban teaching and non-teaching hospitals were non significant, though the inpatients MI stayed longer and were charged more in UTH than NTH. The authors call for the study to be replicated with a higher level of statistical measures to ascertain the impact of the variables on the outcomes for a more validated result.

Characteristics of Hepatitis B virus induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mahmoud Fathy Barakat ◽  
Khalid Mahmoud AbdAlaziz ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Mahmoud El Tabbakh ◽  
Mohamed Kamal Alden Ali
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the United States, HCC is the ninth leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Hepatitis B and C are independent risk factors for the development of cirrhosis. Alcohol consumption remains an important additional risk factor in the United States as alcohol abuse is five times higher than hepatitis C. Diagnosis is confirmed without pathologic confirmation. Screening includes both radiologic tests, such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and serological markers such as αfetoprotein at 6-month interval. Aim To compare characteristics and behavior of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HCV patients and HVB patients Patients and Methods The current study was conducted on patients with de HCC presented at HCC clinic, Tropical medicine department Ain Shams University Hospitals between December 2017 and D ecember 2018, aged (18-70 years old) . Results eline characteristics of study population shown in Table 1 at enrolment, including gender, Education status, co-morbidity, underlying presence or absence of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class of patients infected with viral hepatitis, and alpha-fetoprotein levels. Male proportion observed to be predominant in both HCV (62%) and HBV (75.4%) infected HCC population. Overall prevalence of HCV and HBV in patients having HCC was 65.95% and 34.04%, respectively. Presence of underlying liver cirrhosis was more significantly associated with HCV seropositives as compared to HBV seropositive patients (p0.05). Table 2 shows comparison of means between HCV and HBV seropositive patients with HCC. In univariate analysis, mean age difference (11.6 years), and total bilirubin levels (-1.91mg/dl) were the only statistically significant observations noted among HCV-HCC group (p = 0.05) Conclusion Hepatocellular carcinoma is mainly caused by Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B viruses, but latter showed predominance, comparatively worldwide and correlated HBV directly as a cause of HCC rather than HCV whose relation with HCC is still unclear (Shepard et al., 2006; Di Bisceglie, 2009). Because of the geographical differences and risk factors, the epidemiological burden of HCV and HBV has been observed different in different areas of the world. In developing countries due to high burden of HCV infection as compared to HBV such as in Taiwan (HCV 17.0%, HBV 13.8%) (Kao et al., 2011), Guam (HCV 19.6%, HBV 18%) (Haddock et al., 2013), and Pakistan (HCV 4.8%, HBV 2.5%) (Rehman et al., 1996; Raza et al., 2007; Qureshi et al., 2010; Butt et al., 2012;) will possibly

scholarly journals Notes Procedural Fencing in Retiree Benefits Disputes: Applications of the First-Filed Rule in Federal Courts

2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Vanneman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
District Court ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Southern District ◽  
Maximum Benefit

Basil Chapman retired from ACF Industries, a railroad-car maker, after thirty-eight years of service. In December 2003, he received an unexpected phone call at his West Virginia home from a union representative, who informed him that an ACF executive wanted to speak with him. When they spoke, the executive informed Mr. Chapman that ACF was planning on changing its retirees’ health coverage plan. The ACF plan would now have a lifetime maximum benefit cap on hospital and surgical expenses for each participant and would require retirees to make monthly contributions. According to court papers filed later, Mr. Chapman responded, “We have a contract. You can’t do that.” Then, he said that he would “file in federal court” against ACF. The next business day, ACF filed a declaratory judgment action in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri asking the court to rule that retiree benefits were not vested and that ACF accordingly could alter benefits unilaterally. On January 26, 2004, Mr. Chapman, other named plaintiffs, and their union sued ACF in the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia.

scholarly journals Household Water Security: An Analysis of Water Affect in the Context of Hydraulic Fracturing in West Virginia, Appalachia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethani Turley ◽  
Martina Angela Caretta
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Hydraulic fracturing has been booming in the last decade in the United States. While natural gas extraction and production has improved the national energy security, it has raised questions around the water security of those communities where extraction is taking place. Both scientists and residents are concerned about hydraulic fracturing’s impacts on surface- and groundwater, especially regarding how hydraulic fracturing impacts residents’ access to safe household well water. In the past decade, the Marcellus Shale has been developed in Northwestern West Virginia, yet the human geography dimensions of oil and gas extraction in West Virginia remain to be investigated. This article, based on 30 in-depth interviews, explores household groundwater insecurity due to hydraulic fracturing experienced by residents (i.e., mineral owners, surface owners, and concerned citizens) in Northwestern West Virginia. The concept of water affect is used to attend to the emotional and subjective dimensions of water security by unveiling the power, emotional struggles, and mental stress inherent in water testing practices and environmental regulation around hydraulic fracturing. Water testing is typically conducted by contractors hired by oil and gas companies, but it is mired in delayed test results and incorrect testing procedures, triggering residents’ negative feelings toward oil and gas companies. This article furthers the understanding of water security, commonly defined in terms of individual access to adequate water quality and quantity, by studying Appalachian residents’ anxieties about well water contamination and uncertainty around the long-term water impacts of hydraulic fracturing. By investigating the uneven power relations around groundwater in West Virginia, the emotional experiences and responses are articulated to further the notion of water affect as impacting household groundwater security.

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