scholarly journals Investigation of Some Metals in Leaves and Leaf Extracts of Lippia javanica: Its Daily Intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanda Artwell ◽  
Ncube France ◽  
Kunsamala Florence
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowances ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Consumption of plant extracts can be a source of essential elements or a route of human exposure to toxicants. Metal concentrations in leaves, leaf brew, and infusion of L. javanica collected from five sites were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after acid and aqueous extraction. Estimated daily intakes of metals in extracts were compared with recommended dietary allowances. Total metal concentrations in leaves varied with sampling sites (p<0.05): Mn > Fe > Cu > Cr > Pb for sites SS2–SS5. The highest metal concentrations in leaves were recorded for SS3 (Cu: 15.32±4.53 and Mn: 734.99±105.49), SS5 (Fe: 210.27±17.17), SS2 (Pb: 3.11±0.21), and SS4 (Cr: 4.40±0.75 mg/kg). Leaf infusion appeared to release higher Cu and Mn concentrations in leaves across sites (Cu: 21.65; Mn: 28.01%) than leaf brew (Cu: 11.95; Mn: 19.74%). Lead was not detected in leaf extracts. Estimated dietary intakes of Cr, Cu, Fe, and Mn were below recommended dietary allowances. A 250 ml cup of leaf infusion contributed 0.30–1.18% Cu and 4.46–13.83% Mn to the recommended dietary allowances of these elements per day. Lead did not pose any potential hazard when consumed in tea beverage made from brew and infusion of leaves of L. javanica.

scholarly journals An analysis of heavy metals contamination and estimating the daily intakes of vegetables from Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732098525
Author(s):  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Eric Oloya Otim ◽  
Herbert Izo Ninsiima ◽  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
Andrew Tamale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Daily Intakes

Background: Environmental contamination with elevated levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr6+), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni)—all states of which are found in Uganda—raises health risk to the public. Pb, Cr6+, Cd, and Ni for instance are generally considered nonessential to cellular functions, notwithstanding the importance of the oxidative state of the metals in bioavailability. As such, we aimed in this study (i) to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in four vegetables from a typical open-air market in Uganda, (ii) to assess the safety of consuming these vegetables against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits of heavy metals consumption, and (iii) to formulate a model of estimated daily intake (EDI) among consumers in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five georeferenced markets of Bushenyi district in January 2020. Amaranthus, cabbages, scarlet eggplants, and tomatoes were collected from open markets, processed, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Modeled EDI, principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted to identify relationships in the samples. Results: The levels of essential elements in the four vegetables were found to fall from Co > Cu > Fe > Zn. Those of non-essential metals were significantly higher and followed the pattern Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni. The highest EDI values were those of Cu in scarlet eggplants, Zn in amaranthus, Fe in amaranthus, Co in amaranthus, Pb in cabbages, total Cr in scarlet eggplant, Cd in cabbages and tomatoes, and Ni in cabbages. In comparison to international limits, EDIs for Zn, Cu, Co and Fe were low while Ni in cabbages were high. PCA showed high variations in scarlet eggplant and amaranthus. The study vegetables were found to be related with each other, not according to the location of the markets from where they were obtained, but according to their species by CA. Conclusion: The presence of non-essential elements above WHO limits raises policy challenges for the consumption and marketing of vegetables in the study area. Furthermore, low EDIs of essential elements in the vegetables create demand for nutritious foods to promote healthy communities.

Exposure assessment of metal intakes from drinking water relative to those from total diet in Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2694-2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Ohno ◽  
Kohei Ishikawa ◽  
Yuki Kurosawa ◽  
Yoshihiko Matsui ◽  
Taku Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Daily Intakes

Daily intakes of 17 metals (boron, aluminium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, antimony, lead, uranium, magnesium, calcium, and iron) via drinking water and total diet were investigated in six cities in Japan. The daily metal intakes were estimated and compared with tolerable daily intake (TDI) values proposed by the WHO or Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives for toxic metals and with recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) or adequate intake (AI) values proposed for essential metals by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Among the 13 toxic metals, mean dietary intakes of 10 (except arsenic, selenium, and molybdenum) were less than 50% of TDI, suggesting that for these 10 metals the allocation of intake to drinking water in establishing guidelines or standards could possibly be increased from the normal allocation of 10–20% of TDI. For the 13 toxic metals, the contribution of drinking water to TDI was 2% or less in all six cities. Mean dietary intakes of the essential elements magnesium, calcium, and iron were less than the RDA or AI values. Drinking water did not contribute much to essential metal intake, accounting for less than 10% of RDA or AI.

scholarly journals Considerations for determining ‘optimal nutrition’ for copper, zinc, manganese and molybdenum

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Failla
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cu And Zn

Defining optimal dietary intakes of Cu and Zn throughout the life cycle continues to present a considerable challenge for nutrition scientists. Although the daily intake of these micronutrients is below that currently recommended for many groups, traditional biochemical indicators of nutritional status for these trace metals largely remain within the normal range. Thus, it is unclear whether the recommended daily intakes may be unnecessarily high, or if the commonly-used markers simply lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity that are required for accurately assessing Cu and Zn status. The increasing number of reports that daily supplements with these trace metals enhance the activities of selective metalloenzymes and specific cellular and organ processes further points out the need to differentiate between meeting the requirement and providing optimal nutriture. Results from recent studies suggesting that alternative molecular and functional markers possess sufficient sensitivity to better assess Cu and Zn status are discussed. Likewise, recent studies evaluating the impact of very low and excessive levels of dietary Mn and Mo on selective biochemical and metabolic indicators are reviewed.

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metals and their estimated daily intakes from two commonly consumed foods (kulikuli and robo) found in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (51) ◽  
pp. 6156-6169
Author(s):  
TY Lanre-Iyanda ◽  
◽  
IM Adekunle ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Control Samples

Most foodstuffs sold in Nigerian outdoor markets are often susceptible to pollution due to poor packaging. As a case study, this work was aimed at the evaluation of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Ni) content of two widely consumed snack foods in the country, namely melon (robo) and groundnut (kulikuli). The Robo and kulikuli used in this study were purchased from Abeokuta. The products procured directly from the source of preparation served as control samples. All together, a total of two hundred and ninety-four samples were collected for both (kulikuli and robo) from seven different motor parks and forty-two samples of both (50% for each) formed the control. Samples were ground to powdered form and subjected to acid digestion. The resulting digests were analyzed for the heavy metal concentrations using calibrated atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Field survey was conducted to assess the average consumption of the two food types by an adult of 70 kg body weight and the daily intake of each was then calculated using standard procedures. Results showed that kulikuli; robo metal concentrations (mg/kg) were 0.23 to 1.25; 0.018 to 0.069; 6.73 to 9.23; 0.07 to 0.47; 13.83 to 33.13 and 16.15 to 53.91 for As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively. Estimated daily dietary intake (mg/kg body weight) from the respective robo and kulikuli, for a 70 kg body weight, were 5.71 x 10 -5; 8.57 x 10 -5, 9.57 x 10 -3; 1.1 x 10 -2 , 1.57 x 10 -4; 4.14 x 10 -4 , 8.86 x 10 -4; 1.2x 10 -3 , 2.33 x 10 -2; 3.5 x 10 -2 and 2.76 x 10 -2; 6.5 x 10 -2 for Cd, Cu, Ni, As, Pb and Zn, respectively. Only Pb was above permissible level and based on estimated daily intake, risk factor decreased as Pb > As > Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni.

scholarly journals Evaluation of essential and non-essential elemental composition of commonly used medicinal plants from district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
khan malook ◽  
Ihsan Ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Abstract This study illustrates a profile of some essential and non-essential elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd, Co, Al and Sn) in the aerial parts of six medicinal plants i.e Coriandrum sativum (P-1), Mentha spicata (P-2), Papaver somniferum (P-3), Calotropis gigantean (P-4), Withania coagulans (P-5) and Fagonia arabica (P-6) widely consumed in district Peshawar, the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The samples were converted into liquid state via wet digestion method and analyzed for elemental composition by using atomic absorption spectrometry. After determining the concentration, hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated for the elements having available maximum permissible limit set by FAO/WHO or any other agency for 50 mg daily intake of the herbal plants by a person of body mass 70 kg. K/Na ratio for the studied plants varied between 14.88:1 and 113.75:1 which was in agreement with the reported permissible range. The amount of Mg, Ca, Cu and Co was within the permissible limit in all the enlisted plants. However, the HQ value for Mg and Ca was greater than the safe limit for some of the plants. The concentration and HQ value of Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr and Cd was beyond the permissible and unsafe limits for almost all the plants. This study suggests that the plants of this area must be pretreated for lessening the concentration of some elements before consumption.

scholarly journals Assessment of Food Sources and the Intake of the Colourless Carotenoids Phytoene and Phytofluene in Spain

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4436
Author(s):  
Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso ◽  
Ana Benítez-González ◽  
Rocío Estévez-Santiago ◽  
Paula Mapelli-Brahm ◽  
Carla M. Stinco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Orange Color

Phytoene (PT) and phytofluene (PTF), colorless carotenoids, have largely been ignored in food science studies, food technology, and nutrition. However, they are present in commonly consumed foods and may have health-promotion effects and possible uses as cosmetics. The goal of this study is to assess the most important food sources of PT and PTF and their dietary intakes in a representative sample of the adult Spanish population. A total of 62 food samples were analyzed (58 fruit and vegetables; seven items with different varieties/color) and carotenoid data of four foods (three fruits and one processed food) were compiled. PT concentration was higher than that of PTF in all the foods analyzed. The highest PT content was found in carrot, apricot, commercial tomato juice, and orange (7.3, 2.8, 2.0, and 1.1 mg/100 g, respectively). The highest PTF level was detected in carrots, commercial tomato sauce and canned tomato, apricot, and orange juice (1.7, 1.2, 1.0, 0.6, and 0.04 mg/100 g, respectively). The daily intakes of PT and PTF were 1.89 and 0.47 mg/person/day, respectively. The major contributors to the dietary intake of PT (98%) and PTF (73%) were: carrot, tomato, orange/orange juice, apricot, and watermelon. PT and PTF are mainly supplied by vegetables (81% and 69%, respectively). Considering the color of the edible part of the foods analyzed (fruit, vegetables, sauces, and beverages), the major contributor to the daily intake of PT and PTF (about 98%) were of red/orange color.

scholarly journals Total-diet study: dietary intakes of macro elements and trace elements in Italy

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia ◽  
Altero Aguzzi ◽  
Marsilio Cappelloni ◽  
Giuseppe Di Lullo ◽  
Massimo Lucarini
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Macro Elements ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Daily Intakes

The present study provides the dietary intakes of macro elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se) from the Italian total diet. The contribution of the most representative food groups of the total diet (cereals and cereal products, vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fish) to the daily intakes of these nutrients was also evaluated. The Italian total diet was formulated following the ‘market-basket’ approach. Cereals represented the primary sources of Cu (35 %), Fe (30 %) and Mg (27 %). About 89 % of the total daily intake of Fe was derived from plant foods. The vegetables food group was the main source of dietary K (27 %). Most of the Ca (59 %) and P (27 %) was derived from the milk-and-dairy food group. Of the dietary Zn, 41 % was provided by meat, which, together with the fish food group, was the primary source of Se (20 %). The adequacy of the Italian total diet with respect to nutritional elements was assessed by comparing the daily intakes with the average requirement values of the Italian recommended dietary allowances. The present findings indicated that the dietary patterns of the Italian total diet were generally consistent with current Italian dietary recommendations for both macro and trace elements. The major concern was for Ca, for which daily intake was 76 % of the average recommendation for the Italian population. It should not be ruled out that there could be a potential risk of inadequate Fe intake in some segments of the population.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment and Levels of Heavy Metals in Farmed Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from the Volta Basin of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kaboja Magna ◽  
Samuel Senyo Koranteng ◽  
Augustine Donkor ◽  
Christopher Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Volta Basin

Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr) are some of the most toxic elements that can bioaccumulate from sources linked to human activities, such as industry and agriculture. This study quantifies the concentrations of several heavy metals in caged tilapia found in Ghana’s Volta Basin and assesses the associated health risks. The levels of heavy metals in the tissues of Oreochromis niloticus from three cage farms (N = 52) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The implication for human health was assessed using several risk assessment techniques. Fe (50.11 ± 10.22 mg/kg) and Cr (0.31 ± 0.07 mg/kg) had the highest and lowest accumulated metal concentrations, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations in tilapia tissue from fish farms were ordered as follows: Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr (farm A), Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn (farm B), and Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr (farm C). All metals had an estimated daily intake (EDI) below the threshold, and mean differences between sample farms were not statistically significant. Similarly, the values of target hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard indices (HIs) were less than one. According to the risk assessment results, eating tilapia from farms posed no risk to human health. The presence of Mn, Fe, and Ni concentrations above the maximum level in the fish, on the other hand, suggests that they may affect fish health.

Evaluation of Content and Estimation of Daily Intake of Cadmium and Lead in Several Varieties of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivated in the Canary Islands (Spain)

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LUIS ◽  
C. RUBIO ◽  
D. GONZÁLEZ-WELLER ◽  
A. J. GUTÉRREZ ◽  
C. REVERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Monitoring the metal content in foods such as potatoes is an important aspect of food safety and regulation. Samples of nine varieties of potatoes (73 samples of local potatoes and 77 samples of imported potatoes) were randomly obtained from supermarkets, farmers markets, and farmer plots in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). The edible portion (pulp) was the only part considered for analysis because Spaniards traditionally eat only peeled potatoes. Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Cd concentrations ranged from 0.006 mg/kg in the Cara and Negra varieties to 0.019 mg/kg in the Bonita variety, and Pb concentrations ranged from 0.007 mg/kg in the Up-to-date variety to 0.023 mg/kg in the Recara variety. The mean concentrations of Cd (0.01 mg/kg) and Pb (0.014 mg/kg) were below the limits established by European regulations for potatoes (0.1 mg/kg of wet weight for each metal). Based on a mean consumption of 143.2 g of potato per person per day for the Canary Islands population, the mean daily intakes of Cd (0.015 mg/day) and Pb (0.023 mg/day) were below the legislated respective tolerable weekly intakes. Thus, the samples analyzed were considered safe to eat with regard to the metal concentrations found.

scholarly journals Determination of Metal Concentration in Fat Supplements for Swine Nutrition by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cocchi ◽  
Valerio Faeti ◽  
Matteo Manfredini ◽  
Daniela Manzini ◽  
Andrea Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fat Supplements

Abstract The presence of some essential and toxic metals in fat supplements for swine diet was investigated. Collected samples represented a relevant production of the Italian industry. In particular, some samples were enriched with antioxidants or waste cooking oils. The method for the determination of Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in fat samples was developed by means of a certified reference material (CRM 186) and a representative fatty sample (RFS). All samples were digested in closed vessels in a microwave oven and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The entire analytical method provided a satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility confirmed by agreement between the experimental recovery data obtained for the CRM 186 sample and, with the method of standard additions, for the RFS material. The samples generally showed a small amount of metals compared with the recommended daily intake for the essential elements. On the other hand, some samples contained a significant concentration, from an analytical point of view, of Cd, Ni, and Pb. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to inspect the experimental data obtained from samples analysis. Basically no differences were detected in terms of metal concentration among the fat supplements analyzed.

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