scholarly journals Patchoulene Epoxide Isolated from Patchouli Oil Suppresses Acute Inflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and Downregulation of COX-2/iNOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Li Liang ◽  
Jia-Zhen Wu ◽  
Yu-Hong Liu ◽  
Zhen-Biao Zhang ◽  
Qi-Duan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

According to the GC-MS analysis, compositional variation was observed between samples of patchouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory activity with three in vivo inflammatory models: xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, and carrageenan-induced paw edema. Further investigation into its underlying mechanism on carrageenan-induced paw edema was conducted. Results demonstrated that PAO significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by xylene, lowered vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan. Moreover, PAO markedly decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO), but increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). PAO was also shown to significantly downregulate the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS). Western blot analysis revealed that PAO remarkably inhibited p50 and p65 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus by suppressing IKKβ and IκBα phosphorylation. In conclusion, PAO exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity probably by suppressing the activation of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Licochalcone A Isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongming Cui ◽  
Mingzhang Ao ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Longjiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Mouse Macrophage ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Prostaglandin Biosynthesis ◽  
Licochalcone A ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Inflata

Licochalcone A was isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata and evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in xylene-induced mice ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema tests. At the same time, the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by licochalcone A was also studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophage cells. At 5 mg/ ear, licochalcone A showed remarkable effects against acute inflammation induced by xylene, and at the doses of 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg (p.o.), licochalcone A reduced significantly paw edema induced by carrageenan compared to the control at the fourth hour. Both COX-2 activity and expression were significantly inhibited by licochalcone A at all the test doses. Therefore, licochalcone A could be a useful compound for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profile and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fixed Plant Oils

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Maia de Morais ◽  
José Eranildo Teles do Nascimento ◽  
Antonio Adailson de Sousa Silva ◽  
José Eduardo Ribeiro Honório Junior ◽  
Diana Célia Sousa Nunes Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Many seed oils have been used as anti-inflammatory agents, administred by ingestion or topical application in traditional medicine. The objective of this research was to perform a chemical analysis of fatty profile and a pharmacological study through a topical experiment of TPA-induced ear edema test and an internal assay - acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in Swiss mice of some fixed oils popularly used for inflammatory problems, trying to confirm their action.Materials, Methods & Results: Fixed lipids of Ouratea fieldingiana (batiputá), Caryocar coreaceum (pequi), Annacardium occidentale (cashew-nuts), Cocos nucifera (coco-da-bahia), Byrsonima crassifolia (murici) e Elaeis guineenses (palm) were selected for the identification of fatty acids profile by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity by TPA-induced ear edema test and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in Swiss male mice. The oils were purchased in local markets or extracted in Soxhlet apparatus with hexane. The oils of cashew nut, murici fruit, and pequi nut presented a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (81.80, 74.46 and 60.72 %, respectively). In the oils of batiputá and murici, linoleic acid was the main unsaturated fatty acid (45.06% and 74.66%, respectively) and oleic acid was main constituent in cashew nut, pequi and palm seed oils. Batiputá and palm oils exibit approximately equivalent content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid and coconut oil more saturated fatty acids (80.72%) with predominance of lauric acid. The result of TPA-induced ear edema test revealed that all oils presented similar anti-inflammatory activity. In the acetic acid-induced vascular permeability model, the oil of O. fieldingiana was the only one who showed anti-inflammatory activity, while C. coreaceum and B. crassifolia oils showed pro-inflammatory activities. The presence of phenols and flavonoids was evaluated in the O. fieldingiana oil by spectrophometric methods.Discussion: All the oils showed anti-inflammatory action in the TPA-induced ear edema, probably the action of unsaturated fatty acids was more important in topical application, nevertheless in internal inflammation process the presence of antioxidant phenolic compounds could contribute to the higher activity of the oil from O. fieldingiana. The effect of linoleic and oleic acids was demonstrated on the inflammatory response of the skin during the healing process and on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by rat neutrophils in a prevoius study using sunflower oil. Both oleic and linoleic acids increased the wound healing tissue mass. The total protein and DNA contents of the wounds were increased by the treatment with linoleic acid. This pro-inflammatory effect of oleic and linoleic acids may contribute to the wound healing process. In this study with six plant oils, some of them have higher content in linoleic acid and others oleic acid is the major constituent so the antiinflamatory action on ear edema can be associated to these two unsaturaded fatty acids mechanism of action. In the internal model, probably other chemical constituents revealed in Ouratea fieldingiana as phenols, condensed tannins, flavones and flavanones, could contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CURCUMIN AND CAPSAICIN AUGMENTED IN COMBINATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Thriveni Vasanth Kumar ◽  
Manjunatha H. ◽  
Rajesh Kp
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Individual

Objective: Dietary curcumin and capsaicin are well known for their health beneficial potencies. The current study was done to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination by employing in vitro and in vivo models.Methods: We investigated the protective effect of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination using in vitro heat induced human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilisation, in vivo 3% agar induced leukocyte mobilisation and acetic acid induced vascular permeability assay.Results: Curcumin, capsaicin and their combination exhibited concentration dependent protective effect against heat-induced HRBC membrane destabilisation, while combined curcumin and capsaicin restored 87.0±0.64 % membrane stability and it is found to be better than curcumin, capsaicin and diclofenac sodium (75.0±0.25. 72±0.9 and 80.0±0.31 %) protective effect. In agar suspension induced leukocyte mobilization assay, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown 39.5±1.58 % of inhibition compared to individual curcumin and capsaicin, which showed moderate inhibition of 16.0±3.14 and 21.6±2.17 % respectively. Besides, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown highly significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in rats (62.0±3.14 %), whereas individual curcumin and capsaicin showed moderate inhibition of vascular permeability with 36.0±2.41 and 43.0±1.92 % respectively.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant anti-inflammatory property of combined curcumin and capsaicin at half of the individual concentration of curcumin and capsaicin.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Composition ofSenecio salignusKunth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuauhtemoc Pérez González ◽  
Roberto Serrano Vega ◽  
Marco González-Chávez ◽  
Miguel Angel Zavala Sánchez ◽  
Salud Pérez Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity ofSenecio salignus. This medicinal plant is often used in Mexico for the treatment of fever and rheumatism. Chloroform and methanol extracts of the plant were tested on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate- (TPA-) induced edema in mice ears. The methanol extract of the plant inhibited edema by36±4.4% compared with the control, while the chloroform extract exhibited an even greater level of inhibition (64.1%). The chloroform extract was then fractionated, and the composition of the active fraction was determined by GC-MS. The anti-inflammatory activity of this fraction was then tested on TPA-induced ear edema in mice, and we found that the active fraction could inhibit edema by 46.9%. The anti-inflammatory effect of the fraction was also tested on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats at doses of 100 mg/kg; a58.9±2.8% reduction of the edema was observed 4 h after administration of carrageenan, and the effect was maintained for 5 h.

Anti-inflammatory activity and enhanced COX-2 selectivity of nitric oxide-donating zinc(ii)–NSAID complexes

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (36) ◽  
pp. 14053-14057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triloke Ranjan Lakshman ◽  
Jolly Deb ◽  
Tapan Kanti Paine
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Zinc(ii)–NSAID complexes of 1,10-phenanthrolinefuroxan release nitric oxide, and exhibit anti-inflammatory activities via selective COX-2 inhibition.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract ofElaeagnus oldhamiiMaxim. in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 581-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ren Liao ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated possible mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from the leaf of Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. (EOMeOH). EOMeOHwas evaluated for its analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test, and anti-inflammatory effect was examined by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema assay. We detected the activities of GPx, GRd and SOD in the liver, and the levels of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, MDA and NO in the edema paw to investigate the mechanism of action against inflammation. Total polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents of EOMeOHwere detected to explore its antioxidant activities. Results showed that, in the analgesic test, EOMeOHdecreased acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, EOMeOHdecreased paw edema at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan had been injected. EOMeOHincreased the activities of SOD and GPx in liver tissue and decreased MDA, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in paw edema tissue at the 3rd h after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammatory reaction. EOMeOHexhibited abundant polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents. In HPLC fingerprint test of EOMeOH, two index ingredients, ursolic acid and pomolic acid, were isolated from EOMeOHand were exhibited in HPLC chromatographic analysis. The results demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EOMeOH. It was indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EOMeOHmay be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver. Additionally, EOMeOHdecreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in the edema paw. The results suggested its value in future development of herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Traditional Herbal Formula Pyungwi-San on Inflammatory ResponseIn VitroandIn Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Young Cha ◽  
Ji Yun Jung ◽  
Jae Yup Jung ◽  
Jong Rok Lee ◽  
Il Je Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Pyungwi-san (PWS) is a traditional basic herbal formula. We investigated the effects of PWS on induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) induced Raw 264.7 cells and on paw edema in rats. Treatment with PWS (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/mL) resulted in inhibited levels of expression of LPS-induced COX-2, iNOS, NF-κB, and MAPKs as well as production of prostaglandin E2(PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, and TNF-αinduced by LPS. Our results demonstrate that PWS possesses anti-inflammatory activities via decreasing production of pro-inflammatory mediators through suppression of the signaling pathways of NF-κB and MAPKs in LPS-induced macrophage cells. More importantly, results of the carrageenan-(CA-) induced paw edema demonstrate an anti-edema effect of PWS. In addition, it is considered that PWS also inhibits the acute edematous inflammations through suppression of mast cell degranulations and inflammatory mediators, including COX-2, iNOS and TNF-α. Thus, our findings may provide scientific evidence to explain the anti-inflammatory properties of PWSin vitroandin vivo.

scholarly journals Involvement of Heme Oxygenase-1 Participates in Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous Extract ofHibiscus taiwanensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ling Liu ◽  
Jeng-Shyan Deng ◽  
Chuan-Sung Chiu ◽  
Wen-Chi Hou ◽  
Shyh-Shyun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract ofHibiscus taiwanensis(AHT) were used in lipopolysaccharide (LPS-)stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and carrageenan (Carr-)induced mouse paw edema model. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with AHT together with LPS, a concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels productions were detected. Western blotting revealed that AHT blocked protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and elevated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), significantly. In the animal test, AHT decreased the paw edema at the 4th and the 5th h after Carr administration, and it increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the paw tissue. We also demonstrated AHT decreased the NO, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels on the serum level at the 5th h after the Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that AHT decreased Carr-induced iNOS, and COX-2, and increased HO-1 expressions at the 5th h in the edema paw. These findings demonstrated that AHT has excellent anti-inflammatory activitiesin vitroandin vivoand thus it has great potential to be used as a source for natural health products.

Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of the Total Saponins Extracted from Fermented Polygala japonica Houtt

2013 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 931-934
Author(s):  
Ming Xing Liu ◽  
Ting Zhu ◽  
She Ne Guo ◽  
Hong Da Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities

This study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the total saponins extracted from fermented Polygala japonica Houtt (FPH) compared with that of unfermented Polygala japonica Houtt (UFPH). The total saponins extracted from FPH and UFPH were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in xylene-induced ear swelling and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability models in mice, analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate models in mice. The total saponins extracted from FPH had the significant anti-inflammatory (p<0.001) and analgesic (p<0.01) activities with the doses of 6 g/kg b.w. in mice. The results of this experimental study thus strongly support the potential significant use of the total saponins extracted from FPH for pain and inflammatory.

scholarly journals EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI PERASAN KERING BUAH Morinda citrifolia Linn SECARA PER ORAL PADA TIKUS PUTIH

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Wahjo Dyatmiko ◽  
Suprapto Maat ◽  
Idha Kusumawati ◽  
Gemparing Bayu Wiyoto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Bioactivity Assay ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Per Oral

Research on anti inflammatory activity of the fruit of Morinda citrifolia Linn. Or known as pace in Indonesia language has been done by using three methods of assays i.e. anti inflammatory bioactivity assay by measuring the reduction of carrageen-induced oedema in rats analgesic bioactivity assay using writhing test method on mice, and vascular permeability bioactivity assay on mice induced by acetic acid. Results showed that dried juice of the fruit at the dose 1500 mg/kg body weight decreased the volume of oedema up to 64 percent and reduced the pain up to 54 percent. At the dose 2100 mg/kg body weight the dried juice reduced the vascular permeability up to 72 percent.

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