scholarly journals Acinetobacter baumanniiInfection and IL-17 Mediated Immunity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihe Yan ◽  
Junjun Yang ◽  
Renjing Hu ◽  
Xichi Hu ◽  
Kong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Acinetobacter baumanniiis a significant cause of severe hospital-acquired infections with a recent rise in multidrug-resistant infections involving traumatic wounds of military personnel. The interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathway is essential for neutrophil recruitment in response to a variety of pathogens, while the control ofA. baumanniiinfection is known to be dependent on neutrophils. This suggests that IL-17 may play an important role inA. baumanniiinfection; however, this has yet to be studied. Here, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the host-pathogen interaction ofA. baumanniiand propose a potential role of the IL-17 pathway in generating a protective immune response.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Wounded Military Personnel: TABLE 1 

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock A. Arivett ◽  
Dave C. Ream ◽  
Steven E. Fiester ◽  
Destaalem Kidane ◽  
Luis A. Actis
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Extensive Drug Resistance ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Eskape Pathogens ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of causing hospital-acquired infections that has been grouped with Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter species as ESKAPE pathogens because of their extensive drug resistance phenotypes and increasing risk to human health. Twenty-four multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annotated.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Wounded Military Personnel: TABLE 1 

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock A. Arivett ◽  
Dave C. Ream ◽  
Steven E. Fiester ◽  
Destaalem Kidane ◽  
Luis A. Actis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Extensive Drug Resistance ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Pseudomonas aeruginosa , a Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe hospital-acquired infections, is grouped as an ESKAPE ( Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter species) pathogen because of its extensive drug resistance phenotypes and effects on human health worldwide. Five multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annotated in this work.

scholarly journals Adaptation to Adversity: the Intermingling of Stress Tolerance and Pathogenesis in Enterococci

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony O. Gaca ◽  
José A. Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

SUMMARY Enterococcus is a diverse and rugged genus colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of humans and numerous hosts across the animal kingdom. Enterococci are also a leading cause of multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infections. In each of these settings, enterococci must contend with changing biophysical landscapes and innate immune responses in order to successfully colonize and transit between hosts. Therefore, it appears that the intrinsic durability that evolved to make enterococci optimally competitive in the host gastrointestinal tract also ideally positioned them to persist in hospitals, despite disinfection protocols, and acquire new antibiotic resistances from other microbes. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms and regulation employed by enterococci to tolerate diverse stressors and highlight the role of stress tolerance in the biology of this medically relevant genus.

scholarly journals Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase from Acinetobacter baumannii

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhi Sikarwar ◽  
Sanket Kaushik ◽  
Mau Sinha ◽  
Punit Kaur ◽  
Sujata Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Important Enzyme

Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria associated with hospital acquired infections. This bacterium possesses a variety of resistance mechanisms which makes it more difficult to control the bacterium with conventional drugs, and, so far no effective drug treatment is available against it. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase is an important enzyme, which maintains the total nucleotide triphosphate pool inside the cell by the transfer of γ-phosphate from NTPs to NDPs. The role of nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) has also been observed in pathogenesis in other organisms. However, intensive studies are needed to decipher its other putative roles in Acinetobacter baumannii. In the present study, we have successfully cloned the gene encoding Ndk and achieved overexpression in bacterial host BL-21 (DE3). The overexpressed protein is further purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) chromatography.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Pneumonia in the Era of Multidrug-Resistance: Updates in Diagnosis and Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Elena Xu ◽  
David Pérez-Torres ◽  
Paraskevi C. Fragkou ◽  
Jean-Ralph Zahar ◽  
Despoina Koulenti
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Microbiological Confirmation

Nosocomial pneumonia (NP), including hospital-acquired pneumonia in non-intubated patients and ventilator-associated pneumonia, is one of the most frequent hospital-acquired infections, especially in the intensive care unit. NP has a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and health care costs, especially when the implicated pathogens are multidrug-resistant ones. This narrative review aims to critically review what is new in the field of NP, specifically, diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. Regarding novel imaging modalities, the current role of lung ultrasound and low radiation computed tomography are discussed, while regarding etiological diagnosis, recent developments in rapid microbiological confirmation, such as syndromic rapid multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction panels are presented and compared with conventional cultures. Additionally, the volatile compounds/electronic nose, a promising diagnostic tool for the future is briefly presented. With respect to NP management, antibiotics approved for the indication of NP during the last decade are discussed, namely, ceftobiprole medocaril, telavancin, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, and meropenem/vaborbactam.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium tuberculosis adhesins: potential biomarkers as anti-tuberculosis therapeutic and diagnostic targets

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (9) ◽  
pp. 1821-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viveshree S. Govender ◽  
Saiyur Ramsugit ◽  
Manormoney Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Aggregation ◽  
Insight Into

Adhesion to host cells is a precursor to host colonization and evasion of the host immune response. Conversely, it triggers the induction of the immune response, a process vital to the host’s defence against infection. Adhesins are microbial cell surface molecules or structures that mediate the attachment of the microbe to host cells and thus the host–pathogen interaction. They also play a crucial role in bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation. In this review, we discuss the role of adhesins in the pathogenesis of the aetiological agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We also provide insight into the structure and characteristics of some of the characterized and putative M. tuberculosis adhesins. Finally, we examine the potential of adhesins as targets for the development of tuberculosis control strategies.

scholarly journals Haptoglobin and Its Related Protein, Zonulin—What Is Their Role in Spondyloarthropathy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chmielińska ◽  
Marzena Olesińska ◽  
Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka ◽  
Dariusz Szukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phase Protein ◽  
Its Polymorphism

Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein which supports the immune response and protects tissues from free radicals. Its concentration correlates with disease activity in spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). The Hp polymorphism determines the functional differences between Hp1 and Hp2 protein products. The role of the Hp polymorphism has been demonstrated in many diseases. In particular, the Hp 2-2 phenotype has been associated with the unfavorable course of some inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Its potential role in modulating the immune system in SpA is still unknown. This article contains pathophysiological considerations on the potential relationship between Hp, its polymorphism and SpA.

scholarly journals Lon Protease Has Multifaceted Biological Functions inAcinetobacter baumannii

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Ching ◽  
Brendan Yang ◽  
Chineme Onwubueke ◽  
David Lazinski ◽  
Andrew Camilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Lon Protease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACTAcinetobacter baumanniiis a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is known to survive harsh environmental conditions and is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Specifically, multicellular communities (known as biofilms) ofA. baumanniican withstand desiccation and survive on hospital surfaces and equipment. Biofilms are bacteria embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix composed of proteins, sugars, and/or DNA. Bacteria in a biofilm are protected from environmental stresses, including antibiotics, which provides the bacteria with selective advantage for survival. Although some gene products are known to play roles in this developmental process inA. baumannii, mechanisms and signaling remain mostly unknown. Here, we find that Lon protease inA. baumanniiaffects biofilm development and has other important physiological roles, including motility and the cell envelope. Lon proteases are found in all domains of life, participating in regulatory processes and maintaining cellular homeostasis. These data reveal the importance of Lon protease in influencing keyA. baumanniiprocesses to survive stress and to maintain viability.IMPORTANCEAcinetobacter baumanniiis an opportunistic pathogen and is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections.A. baumanniiis difficult to eradicate and to manage, because this bacterium is known to robustly survive desiccation and to quickly gain antibiotic resistance. We sought to investigate biofilm formation inA. baumannii, since much remains unknown about biofilm formation in this bacterium. Biofilms, which are multicellular communities of bacteria, are surface attached and difficult to eliminate from hospital equipment and implanted devices. Our research identifies multifaceted physiological roles for the conserved bacterial protease Lon inA. baumannii. These roles include biofilm formation, motility, and viability. This work broadly affects and expands understanding of the biology ofA. baumannii, which will permit us to find effective ways to eliminate the bacterium.

scholarly journals Colistin heteroresistance and the involvement of the PmrAB regulatory system in Acinetobacter baumannii

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Charretier ◽  
Seydina M. Diene ◽  
Damien Baud ◽  
Sonia Chatellier ◽  
Emmanuelle Santiago-Allexant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
One Step

AbstractMultidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection has recently emerged as a worldwide clinical problem and colistin is increasingly being used as last resort therapy. Despite its favorable bacterial killing, resistance and heteroresistance to colistin have been described. Mutations in the PmrAB regulatory pathway have been already associated with colistin resistance whereas the mechanisms for heteroresistance remain largely unknown. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of PmrAB in laboratory-selected mutants representative of global epidemic strains. During brief colistin exposure, colistin resistant and colistin heteroresistant mutants were selected in a one-step strategy. Population Analysis Profiling (PAP) was performed to confirm the suspected phenotype. Upon withdrawal of selective pressure, compensatory mutations were evaluated in another one-step strategy. A trans-complementation assay was designed to delineate the involvement of the PmrAB regulatory system using qPCR and PAP. Mutations in the PmrAB regulatory pathway were associated with colistin resistance and colistin heteroresistance as well. The transcomplementation assay provides a proof for the role played by changes in the PmrAB regulatory pathway. The level of colistin resistance is correlated to the level of expression of pmrC. The resistance phenotype was partially restored since the complemented strain became heteroresistant. This report shows the role of different mutations in the PmrAB regulatory pathway and warns on the development of colistin heteroresistance that could be present but not easily detected with routine testing.

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