scholarly journals Obesity May Be Protective against Severe Perineal Lacerations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Garretto ◽  
Brian B. Lin ◽  
Helen L. Syn ◽  
Nancy Judge ◽  
Karen Beckerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Perineal Lacerations ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Control Study

Objective.To determine if there is an association between BMI and 3rd- or 4th-degree perineal lacerations in normal spontaneous and operative vaginal deliveries.Study Design.We performed a retrospective case control study using a large obstetric quality improvement database over a six-year period. Cases were identified as singleton gestations with third- and fourth-degree lacerations. Controls were obtained randomly from the database of patients without third- or fourth-degree lacerations in a 1 : 1 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results.Of 32,607 deliveries, 22,011 (67.5%) charts with BMI documented were identified. Third- or fourth-degree lacerations occurred in 2.74% (n=605) of patients. 37% (n=223) were identified in operative vaginal deliveries. In the univariate analysis, obesity, older maternal age, non-Asian race, and birth weight <4000 g were all protective against 3rd- and 4th-degree lacerations. After controlling for age, race, mode of vaginal delivery, and birth weight, obesity remained significant.Conclusion.Being obese may protect against third- and fourth-degree lacerations independent of parity, race, birth weight, and mode of delivery.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Neonatal Sepsis: A Retrospective Case-Control Study among Neonates Who Were Delivered by Caesarean Section at the Trauma and Specialist Hospital, Winneba, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Adatara ◽  
Agani Afaya ◽  
Solomon Mohammed Salia ◽  
Richard Adongo Afaya ◽  
Anthony K. Kuug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Control Study

The third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for child health, which targets ending preventable deaths of neonates and children under five years of age by 2030, may not be met without substantial reduction of neonatal sepsis-specific mortality in developing countries. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and risk factors for neonatal sepsis among neonates who were delivered via caesarean section. A retrospective case-control study was conducted among neonates who were delivered via caesarean section at the Trauma and Specialist Hospital, Winneba, Ghana. Data collection lasted for 4 weeks. The extracted data were double-entered using Epidata software version 3.1 to address discrepancies of data entry. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages of neonatal characteristics were generated from the data. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine associations between neonatal sepsis and neonatal characteristics with odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p values calculated using variables that showed significant association (p<0.05) in the chi-square analysis for the multivariate logistic regression. A total of 383 neonates were recruited; 67 (17.5%) had sepsis (cases). The neonatal risk factors associated with sepsis were birth weight (χ2=6.64, p=0.036), neonatal age (χ2=38.31, p<0.001), meconium passed (χ2=12.95, p<0.001), reason for CS (χ2=24.27, p<0.001), and the duration of stay on admission (χ2=36.69, p<0.001). Neonatal sepsis poses a serious threat to the survival of the newborn as the current study uncovered 6.0% deaths among sepsis cases. The findings of this study highlight the need for routine assessment of neonates in order to identify risk factors for neonatal sepsis and to curb the disease burden on neonatal mortality.

Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Rural Areas of North West in Iran: 2013-2017 (A Case-Control Study)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Rafiemanesh ◽  
Seyed Rasoul Hashemi Aghdam ◽  
Avaz Safarzadeh ◽  
Sanaz Chapar ◽  
Alireza Zemestani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main causes of death in children and is an important factor related to the growth and development of children. LBW is associated with causes but some of the risk factors may be due to the country or geographical region. Aim of this study was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with LBW in the villages of Oskou county, northwest of Iran. Methods This study is a population-based case-control study and all the cases of LBW, that have occurred during the five years 2013-2017 in all villages of Oskou county, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Controls were selevted based on systematic random sampling in that same village and year. Chi-square and fisher's exact test analysed and then a univariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate possible factors. Results In this study 242 cases and 242 control groups were analyzed. Base on multivariate logistic regression important risk factors were LBW history (OR=25.87), mothers who used natural methods of contraception (OR=29.54), twin's birth (OR=24.04) and gestational age less than 37 weeks (OR=3.89). Conclusion According to the result of the present study the most important risk factors of LBW are as follows: Contraception method using, having a history of previous LBW newborn, twin's birth, gestational age, fathers’ occupation, mothers’ education, maternal weight, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and number of of caring during pregnancy.

Factors associated with syphilis infection: a comprehensive analysis based on a case-control study

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. XIAO ◽  
S.-L. LI ◽  
H.-L. LIN ◽  
Z.-F. LIN ◽  
X.-Z. ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Patient Interview ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThis study aimed to comprehensively evaluate factors that influence the likelihood of syphilis infection from risk-taking behaviours and medical conditions. A retrospective case-control study was conducted by enrolling 664 syphilis inpatients (excluding 11 congenital syphilis patients) and 800 sex- and age-matched controls. Medical histories, clinical data and patient interview data were collected and subjected to logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of syphilis in the study population was 3·9% (675/17 304). By univariate analysis, syphilis infection was associated with migration between cities, marital status, smoking, reproductive history, hypertension, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (P < 0·05). A high rate of syphilis-HBV co-infection was observed in HIV-negative patients and further research revealed an association between syphilis and specific HBV serological reactivity. Syphilis was also associated with the frequency, duration and status of tobacco use. Multivariate analysis indicated that syphilis infection was independently associated with migration between cities [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1·368, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·048–1·785], current smoking (aOR 1·607, 95% CI 1·177–2·195), elevated BUN (aOR 1·782, 95% CI 1·188–2·673) and some serological patterns of HBV infection. To prevent the spread of infectious diseases, inpatients and blood donors should be tested for HIV, syphilis, HBV and HCV simultaneously.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Anal Sphincter Ruptures and Risk Factors

2016 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Budi I Santoso ◽  
Denny Khusen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Forceps Delivery ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries

Objective: To analyze the incidence of anal sphincter ruptures and to evaluate risk factors of obstetric anal sphincter ruptures in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Method: We reviewed 2009 vaginal deliveries based on the analysis of obstetric data base and patient records of our department during 2012. Cases and control subjects were chosen randomly and patient’s records were reviewed for the following variable: maternal age, parity, gestational age, labor induction, duration of 2nd stage labor, use of forceps, use of vacuum, use of episiotomy, birth weight, and presentation of the baby. Result: There were 91 (4.53%) anal sphincter ruptures during period of study (91 of 2009 patients). An univariate analysis of these 91 case and 91 randomly selected control subjects show that primiparity (p = .000), gestational age (p = .016), duration of second-stage labor (p = .000), forceps delivery (p = .000), vacuum delivery (p = .001), episiotomy (p = .000), and birth weight (p = .000) increased the risk for anal sphincter ruptures. In multivariate re-gression models, only 5 of the 10 predictor variables were significantly related to the likelihood of having a severe perineal trauma greater than second degree. Primiparity (p = .023; OR 2.74, 95% [CI], 1.15-6.51), forceps delivery (p = .000; OR 18.18, 95% [CI] 3.84-86.07), vacuum delivery (p = .005; OR 6.83, 95% [CI] 1.77-26.42), episiotomy (p = .015; OR 2.86, 95% [CI] 1.23-6.65), and birth weight (p = .000; OR 0.99, 95% [CI] 0.997-0.999). Conclusion: Damage of the anal sphincter resulting in a third- or fourth- degree perineal tear is a relatively rare but severe complication of vaginal delivery. We found that factors as sociated with anal sphincter ruptures were primiparity, forceps, vacuum, episiotomy and birth weight. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 1: 31-36] Keywords: anal sphincter ruptures, third- or fourth- degree perineal tear, vaginal delivery

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEMATIAN PERINATAL DI RUMAH SAKIT MUHAMMADDIYAH PALEMBANG TAHUN 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LENY LENY
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT [Perinatal mortality is a major problem, especially in developing countries. Approximately 98-99% of perinatal deaths occur in developing countries, while in developed countries only about 1-2%. Contributions perinatal mortality rate in Indonesia is still quite high, and perinatal mortality of 400 per 100,000 live births, or about 200,000 people per year so that the perinatal mortality occurs every 1.2-1.5 minutes. In the Muhammaddiyah hospital Palembang obtained perinatal mortality by the year 2013 as many as 52 cases. Many things that cause perinatal death include birth weight, maternal age, gestational age, mode of delivery and parity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of birth weight, maternal age, gestational age, mode of delivery and parity simultaneously with perinatal death. This type of research is a case control study conducted retrospectively. The population in this study were all women giving birth in hospital Muhammadiyah Palembang in the year 2013 that berjumlah2565. The study sample totaled 156 respondents. In this study conducted univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyzes. From the analysis we found no association between birth weight to perinatal mortality (P Value 0.000 OR 4.250), no association of maternal age with perinatal mortality (OR 0.05 P Value 2.091), no correlation gestational age with perinatal mortality (OR 0.000 P Value 7.667), no association method of childbirth with perinatal mortality (P Value 1.000 OR 1.043), no parity relationship with perinatal mortality (P Value 0.511 OR 0.744). The most dominant variable is the age of the pregnancy. It is suggested to the leadership of Muhammadiyah hospital Palembang is hoped to be able to further improve health care programs for women giving birth so as to prevent the occurrence of complications during labor which can lead to perinatal mortality and increase the awareness programs on the importance of antenatal care during pregnancy that can detect early complications of pregnancy to facilitate the birth process.   ABSTRAK Kematian perinatal merupakan masalah besar khususnya di negara sedang berkembang. Sekitar 98-99 % kasus kematian perinatal terjadi di negara sedang berkembang sedangkan di negara maju hanya sekitar 1-2 %. Kontribusi angka kematian perinatal di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, yaitu kematian perinatal 400 per 100.000 persalinan hidup atau sekitar 200.000 orang pertahun sehingga kematian perinatal terjadi setiap 1,2-1,5 menit. Di Rumah Sakit Muhammaddiyah Palembang didapatkan kematian perinatal pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 52 kasus. Banyak hal yang menyebabkan kematian perinatal diantaranya berat badan lahir, usia ibu, usia kehamilan, cara persalinan dan paritas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan berat badan lahir, usia ibu, usia kehamilan, cara persalinan dan paritas secara simultan dengan kematian perinatal. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian case control study yang dilakukan secara retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu bersalin di rumah sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang pada Tahun 2013 yang berjumlah2565. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 156 responden. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan ada hubungan antara berat badan lahir dengan kematian perinatal (P Value 0,000 OR 4,250), ada hubungan usia ibu dengan kematian perinatal (P Value 0,05 OR 2,091), ada hubungan usia kehamilan dengan kematian perinatal (P Value 0,000 OR 7,667), tidak ada hubungan cara persalinan dengan kematian perinatal (P Value 1,000 OR 1,043), tidak ada hubungan paritas dengan kematian perinatal (P Value 0,511 OR 0,744). Variabel paling dominan adalah usia kehamilan. Disarankan kepada pimpinan rumah sakit Muhammadiyah Palembang Diharapkan untuk dapat lebih meningkatkan program pelayanan kesehatan kepada ibu bersalin sehingga  mencegah terjadinya komplikasi selama persalinan yang dapat menyebabkan kematian perinatal serta meningkatkan program penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan kehamilan selama masa kehamilan yang dapat mendeteksi dini komplikasi kehamilan untuk memperlancar proses persalinan.  

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