scholarly journals Designs and Algorithms to Map Eye Tracking Data with Dynamic Multielement Moving Objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziho Kang ◽  
Saptarshi Mandal ◽  
Jerry Crutchfield ◽  
Angel Millan ◽  
Sarah N. McClung
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Angle Error ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
And Control

Design concepts and algorithms were developed to address the eye tracking analysis issues that arise when (1) participants interrogate dynamic multielement objects that can overlap on the display and (2) visual angle error of the eye trackers is incapable of providing exact eye fixation coordinates. These issues were addressed by (1) developing dynamic areas of interests (AOIs) in the form of either convex or rectangular shapes to represent the moving and shape-changing multielement objects, (2) introducing the concept of AOI gap tolerance (AGT) that controls the size of the AOIs to address the overlapping and visual angle error issues, and (3) finding a near optimal AGT value. The approach was tested in the context of air traffic control (ATC) operations where air traffic controller specialists (ATCSs) interrogated multiple moving aircraft on a radar display to detect and control the aircraft for the purpose of maintaining safe and expeditious air transportation. In addition, we show how eye tracking analysis results can differ based on how we define dynamic AOIs to determine eye fixations on moving objects. The results serve as a framework to more accurately analyze eye tracking data and to better support the analysis of human performance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of head-free eye tracking as an input device for air traffic control

Ergonomics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Alonso ◽  
Mickaël Causse ◽  
François Vachon ◽  
Robert Parise ◽  
Frédéric Dehais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Input Device

ATC-labAdvanced: An air traffic control simulator with realism and control

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Fothergill ◽  
Shayne Loft ◽  
Andrew Neal
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
And Control

Modeling Air Traffic Controller Performance in Highly Automated Environments

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Murphy ◽  
Ray A. Reaux ◽  
Lisa J. Stewart ◽  
William D. Coleman ◽  
Kelly Harwood
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Controller Performance ◽  
Performance Dimensions

As increasing levels of automation are planned for the United States' air traffic control system, there is a need to assess planned system design changes for their potential effects on human performance. The model of controller performance developed by this work permits the comparison of prior and planned system transition states on several performance dimensions: perceptual, analytic, response, and resource management. Systematic predictions of performance provide a basis for identifying potential trouble spots in a planned system. The model can be employed to determine whether system design changes will improve controller performance without placing unreasonable demands on the controller's resources. It can be tailored to represent human performance variables and sources of resource demand in any complex automated system.

UK Airspace Planning – The New ICAO Airspace Classification System

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
W. J. V. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Since the advent of large-scale commercial aviation in the mid 1940s, a system of routes has been developed between airports serving the major conurbations of the world. To prevent collision between aircraft using these routes and off-route traffic, protection is provided to the routes and to the vicinity of airports by means of controlled airspace, airways (AWYS), control areas (CTAS) and control zones (CTRS). Zones commence at ground level and the base an area is at a defined altitude. Inside this controlled airspace certain rules apply which are more stringent than those applied outside, and all movements are subject to Air Traffic Control (ATC).

Omar Human Performance Modeling in a Decision Support Experiment

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (17) ◽  
pp. 1232-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Deutsch ◽  
Nichael Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Performance Models ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
System Experiment ◽  
Multiple Task

Human performance models that simulate the multiple task behaviors of the operators of complex systems are now being developed that can, with appropriate discretion, be used to complement the human players in real-world-like simulation environments. We have developed and used human performance models for an air traffic control simulation that was the basis for a decision support system experiment with human subjects. The experiment is briefly described and the roles played by the human performance models for air traffic controllers and flight crews are discussed. The theory that forms the foundation for the development of the human performance models, and the Operator Model Architecture developed to create the models are presented. Future directions for research based, in part, on the experiment results are outlined.

scholarly journals A Hidden Markov Model for Analyzing Eye-Tracking of Moving Objects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeah Kim ◽  
Shashank Singh ◽  
Erik Thiessen ◽  
Anna Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Hidden Markov Model ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Moving Stimuli ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Viable Approach

Eye-tracking provides an opportunity to generate and analyze high-density data relevant to understanding cognition. However, while events in the real world are often dynamic, eye-tracking paradigms are typically limited to assessing gaze toward static objects. In this study, we propose a generative framework, based on a hidden Markov model (HMM), for using eye-tracking data to analyze behavior in the context of multiple moving objects of interest. We apply this framework to analyze data from a recent visual object tracking task paradigm, TrackIt, for studying selective sustained attention in children. Within this paradigm, we present two validation experiments to show that the HMM provides a viable approach to studying eye-tracking data with moving stimuli, and to illustrate the benefits of the HMM approach over some more naive possible approaches. The first experiment utilizes a novel `supervised' variant of TrackIt, while the second compares directly with judgments made by human coders using data from the original TrackIt task. Our results suggest that the HMM-based method provides a robust analysis of eye-tracking data with moving stimuli, both for adults and for children as young as 3.5-6 years old.

Automated Radar Video Map Production at NOS

1989 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Ronald Bolton ◽  
Russell Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
And Control

The Aeronautical Charting Division (ACD), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) produces the Radar Video Maps (RVM's) used by air traffic controllers to monitor and control the Nation's airspace. These complex maps depict the local Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airspace definition and show airways, intersections, holding patterns, selected navigational aids, special-use airspace boundaries, and other radar display elements critical to the traffic controller's radar scope displays. Previously produced by tedious manual methods, the ACD's Aeronautical Chart Automated Production (ACAP) system now provides the tools for automated production of this integral part of the FAA air traffic control system.

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