scholarly journals Fault Diagnosis for a Multistage Planetary Gear Set Using Model-Based Simulation and Experimental Investigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyan Li ◽  
Fangyi Li ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Dehao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Planetary Gearbox ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Close Frequency ◽  
Simulated Analysis ◽  
Potential Energy Method

The gear damage will induce modulation effects in vibration signals. A thorough analysis of modulation sidebands spectral structure is necessary for fault diagnosis of planetary gear set. However, the spectral characteristics are complicated in practice, especially for a multistage planetary gear set which contains close frequency components. In this study, a coupled lateral and torsional dynamic model is established to predict the modulation sidebands of a two-stage compound planetary gear set. An improved potential energy method is used to calculate the time-varying mesh stiffness of each gear pair, and the influence of crack propagation on the mesh stiffness is analyzed. The simulated signals of the gear set are obtained by using Runge-Kutta numerical analysis method. Meanwhile, the sidebands characteristics are summarized to exhibit the modulation effects caused by sun gear damage. At the end, the experimental signals collected from an industrial SD16 planetary gearbox are analyzed to verify the theoretical derivations. The results of experiment agree well with the simulated analysis.

scholarly journals Planetary Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Using Envelope Manifold Demodulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weigang Wen ◽  
Robert X. Gao ◽  
Weidong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Manifold Learning ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Planetary Gearbox ◽  
Characteristic Extraction ◽  
Gear Fault ◽  
Planet Gear ◽  
Fault Characteristic

The important issue in planetary gear fault diagnosis is to extract the dependable fault characteristics from the noisy vibration signal of planetary gearbox. To address this critical problem, an envelope manifold demodulation method is proposed for planetary gear fault detection in the paper. This method combines complex wavelet, manifold learning, and frequency spectrogram to implement planetary gear fault characteristic extraction. The vibration signal of planetary gear is demodulated by wavelet enveloping. The envelope energy is adopted as an indicator to select meshing frequency band. Manifold learning is utilized to reduce the effect of noise within meshing frequency band. The fault characteristic frequency of the planetary gear is shown by spectrogram. The planetary gearbox model and test rig are established and experiments with planet gear faults are conducted for verification. All results of experiment analysis demonstrate its effectiveness and reliability.

scholarly journals An Improved Rigid Multibody Model for the Dynamic Analysis of the Planetary Gearbox in a Wind Turbine

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenguang Yang ◽  
Dongxiang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Transient Analysis ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Planetary Gearbox ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Rigid Multibody

This paper proposes an improved rigid multibody model for the dynamic analysis of the planetary gearbox in a wind turbine. The improvements mainly include choosing the inertia frame as the reference frame of the carrier, the ring, and the sun and adding a new degree of freedom for each planet. An element assembly method is introduced to build the model, and a time-varying mesh stiffness model is presented. A planetary gear study case is employed to verify the validity of the improved model. Comparisons between the improvement model and the traditional model show that the natural characteristics are very close; the improved model can obtain the right equivalent moment of inertia of the planetary gear in the transient simulation, and all the rotation speeds satisfy the transmission relationships well; harmonic resonance and resonance modulation phenomena can be found in their vibration signals. The improved model is applied in a multistage gearbox dynamics analysis to reveal the prospects of the model. Modal analysis and transient analysis with and without time-varying mesh stiffness considered are conducted. The rotation speeds from the transient analysis are consistent with the theory, and resonance modulation can be found in the vibration signals.

scholarly journals Dynamic behavior of the nonlinear planetary gear model in nonstationary conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622094104
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hammami ◽  
Ayoub Mbarek ◽  
Alfonso Fernández ◽  
Fakher Chaari ◽  
Fernando Viadero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Planetary Gearbox ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Nonlinear Equations Of Motion

The nonlinear effects in gearboxes are a key concern to describe accurately their dynamic behavior. This task is difficult for complex gear systems such as planetary gearboxes. The main aim of this work is to provide responses to overcome this difficulty especially in nonstationary operating regimes by investigating a back-to-back planetary gearbox in steady conditions and in the run-up regime. The nonlinear Hertzian contact of teeth pair is modeled in stationary and nonstationary run-up regime. Then it is incorporated in to a torsional model of the planetary gearbox through different mesh stiffness functions. In addition, motor torque and external load variation are taken into account. The nonlinear equations of motion of the back-to-back planetary gearbox are computed through the Newmark- β algorithm combined with the method of Newton–Raphson. An experimental validation of the proposed numerical model is done through a test bench for both stationary and run-up regimes. The vibration characteristics are extracted and correlated to speed and torque. Time–frequency analysis is implemented to characterize the transient regime during the run-up.

scholarly journals Vibration Based Diagnosis for Planetary Gearboxes Using an Analytical Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Hong ◽  
Yongzhi Qu ◽  
Yuegang Tan ◽  
Mingyao Liu ◽  
Zude Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Planetary Gearbox ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Planetary Gear Sets ◽  
Frequency Components

The application of conventional vibration based diagnostic techniques to planetary gearboxes is a challenge because of the complexity of frequency components in the measured spectrum, which is the result of relative motions between the rotary planets and the fixed accelerometer. In practice, since the fault signatures are usually contaminated by noises and vibrations from other mechanical components of gearboxes, the diagnostic efficacy may further deteriorate. Thus, it is essential to develop a novel vibration based scheme to diagnose gear failures for planetary gearboxes. Following a brief literature review, the paper begins with the introduction of an analytical model of planetary gear-sets developed by the authors in previous works, which can predict the distinct behaviors of fault introduced sidebands. This analytical model is easy to implement because the only prerequisite information is the basic geometry of the planetary gear-set. Afterwards, an automated diagnostic scheme is proposed to cope with the challenges associated with the characteristic configuration of planetary gearboxes. The proposed vibration based scheme integrates the analytical model, a denoising algorithm, and frequency domain indicators into one synergistic system for the detection and identification of damaged gear teeth in planetary gearboxes. Its performance is validated with the dynamic simulations and the experimental data from a planetary gearbox test rig.

scholarly journals Dynamic Analysis of Planetary Gear with Root Crack in Sun Gear Based on Improved Time-Varying Mesh Stiffness

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8379
Author(s):  
Jian Shen ◽  
Niaoqing Hu ◽  
Lun Zhang ◽  
Peng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Vibration Response ◽  
Gear System ◽  
Transition Curve ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Mesh Stiffness

The time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) is the crucial parameter of the dynamic model of the gear system. Accurate calculation of TVMS is essential for effective fault diagnosis of the gear system. A mesh stiffness improved method considering both the gear tooth transition curve and deformation of the gear body is presented in this paper, and the stiffness calculation expressions under healthy and crack states are given, respectively. Based on the lumped parameter method, the dynamic model of planetary gear with crack in sun gear is constructed, and the vibration response is solved. The simulation results show when the tooth root cracks appear, the vibration response of the tooth has obvious shock response characteristics. The characteristic frequency and frequency multiplication of sun gear fault can be found obviously by envelope analysis. The simulation signal and the test signal obtained by the drivetrain dynamics simulator gearbox test rig are compared and verified. The comparison and verification results show that the proposed TVMS calculation method and the dynamic model are accurate, which can provide a certain theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis of planetary gear with crack fault. The test results are consistent with the numerical analysis results, which provides a theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis of tooth crack.

scholarly journals A New Method of Two-stage Planetary Gearbox Fault Detection Based on Multi-Sensor Information Fusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wu ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Lifeng Cheng ◽  
Shengyue Tan
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Energy Operator ◽  
New Method ◽  
Signal Spectrum ◽  
Strong Nonlinearity ◽  
Planetary Gearbox ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Full Vector

Due to their high transmission ratio, high load carrying capacity and small size, planetary gears are widely used in the transmission systems of wind turbines. The planetary gearbox is the core of the transmission system of a wind turbine, but because of its special structure and complex internal and external excitation, the vibration signal spectrum shows strong nonlinearity, asymmetry and time variation, which brings great trouble to planetary gear fault diagnosis. The traditional time-frequency analysis technology is insufficient in the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of wind turbines. For this reason, we propose a new method of planetary gearbox fault diagnosis based on Compressive sensing, Two-dimensional variational mode decomposition (2D-VMD) and full-vector spectrum technology. Firstly, the nonlinear reconstruction and noise reduction of the signal is carried out by using compressed sensing, and then the signal with multiple degrees of freedom is adaptively decomposed into multiple sets of characteristic scale components by using 2D-VMD. Then, Rényi entropy is used as the optimization index of 2D-VMD analysis performance to extract the effective target intrinsic mode function (IMF) component, reconstruct the dynamics signal in the planetary gearbox, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, using the full-vector spectrum technique, the homologous information collected by numerous sensors is data layer fused in the spatial domain and the time domain to increase the comprehensiveness and certainty of the fault information. Finally, the Teager–Kaiser energy operator is used to demodulate the potential low-frequency dynamics frequency characteristics from the high-frequency domain and detect the fault characteristic frequency. Furthermore, the correctness and validity of the method are verified by the fault test signal of the planetary gearbox.

Fault Evolution Characteristic Analysis of Planetary Gear Based on Multidimensional Nonlinear Frequency Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Zhimao Tao ◽  
Lichen Shi ◽  
Zhenya Kang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Nonlinear System ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Volterra Series ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Nonlinear Frequency ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Planetary Gearbox

This study presented a method for modeling the nonlinear system of a planetary gearbox and the fault diagnosis of a crack in a planetary gear based on the Volterra series theory. First, the exponential Hilbert reproducing kernel and its fast optimization algorithm was proposed and deduced in theory, and the fast solution of the fourth-order kernel of the Volterra series was successfully solved. Second, the Volterra series model estimation was compared with the least squares estimation of the actual collected signals from the planetary gearbox and the time-domain output signal was estimated using a neural network. The accuracy and the superiority of the Volterra series model of the planetary gearbox were then verified. At the same time, the convergence and the memory length of the Volterra series were discussed. In order to further mine and extract fault feature information, coupling relationship between the generalized frequency response of higher order spectrum of the Volterra series model and fault frequency was also studied. This study attempted to reflect the fault state and fault degree of a crack in a planetary gear from different observation angles and dimensions. Finally, the real condition loading test of a gearbox's comprehensive fault test platform was carried out. The validity of the method of nonlinear system modeling and fault diagnosis of the planetary gearbox, based on the Volterra series theory, was verified, and a new solution has been provided for related research in this field.

Evaluating the time-varying mesh stiffness of a planetary gear set using the potential energy method

2013 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xihui Liang ◽  
Ming J Zuo ◽  
Tejas H Patel
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Method ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Potential Energy Method

Time-varying mesh stiffness is a periodic function caused by the change in the number of contact tooth pairs and the contact positions of the gear teeth. It is one of the main sources of vibration of a gear transmission system. An efficient and effective way to evaluate the time-varying mesh stiffness is essential to comprehensively understand the dynamic properties of a planetary gear set. According to the literature, there are two ways to evaluate the gear mesh stiffness, the finite element method and the analytical method. The finite element method is time-consuming because one needs to model every meshing gear pair in order to know the mesh stiffness of a range of gear pairs. On the other hand, analytical method can offer a general approach to evaluate the mesh stiffness. In this study, the potential energy method is applied to evaluate the time-varying mesh stiffness of a planetary gear set. Analytical equations are derived without any modification of the gear tooth involute curve. The developed equations are applicable to any transmission structure of a planetary gear set. Detailed discussions are given to three commonly used transmission structures: fixed carrier, fixed ring gear and fixed sun gear.

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