scholarly journals The Opportunity Offered by the ESSnuSB Project to Exploit the Larger Leptonic CP Violation Signal at the Second Oscillation Maximum and the Requirements of This Project on the ESS Accelerator Complex

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wildner ◽  
E. Baussan ◽  
M. Blennow ◽  
M. Bogomilov ◽  
A. Burgman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cp Violation ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Neutrino Energy ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Accelerator Complex ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Oscillation Maximum

The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a research center that will provide, by 2023, the world’s most powerful neutron source. The average power of the proton linac will be 5 MW. Pulsing this linac at higher frequency will make it possible to raise the average total beam power to 10 MW to produce, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a very intense neutrino Super Beam of about 0.4 GeV mean neutrino energy. This will allow searching for leptonic CP violation at the second oscillation maximum where the sensitivity is about 3 times higher than at the first. The ESS neutrino Super Beam, ESSnuSB operated with a 2.0 GeV linac proton beam, together with a large underground Water Cherenkov detector located at 540 km from Lund, will make it possible to discover leptonic CP violation at 5σ significance level in 56% (65% for an upgrade to 2.5 GeV beam energy) of the leptonic CP-violating phase range after 10 years of data taking, assuming a 5% systematic error in the neutrino flux and 10% in the neutrino cross section. The paper presents the outstanding physics reach possible for CP violation with ESSnuSB obtainable under these assumptions for the systematic errors. It also describes the upgrade of the ESS accelerator complex required for ESSnuSB.

scholarly journals Investigating Sterile Neutrino Flux in the Solar Neutrino Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ankush ◽  
Rishu Verma ◽  
Gazal Sharma ◽  
B. C. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Neutrino ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Sterile Neutrino ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Solar Neutrinos ◽  
Neutrino Energy ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Solar Neutrino Flux ◽  
Neutrino Experiments ◽  
Solar Phase

There are compelling evidences for the existence of a fourth degree of freedom of neutrinos, i.e., sterile neutrino. In the recent studies the role of sterile component of neutrinos has been found to be crucial, not only in particle physics, but also in astrophysics and cosmology. This has been proposed to be one of the potential candidates of dark matter. In this work we investigate the updated solar neutrino data available from all the relevant experiments including Borexino and KamLAND solar phase in a model independent way and obtain bounds on the sterile neutrino component present in the solar neutrino flux. The mystery of the missing neutrinos is further deepening as subsequent experiments are coming up with their results. The energy spectrum of solar neutrinos, as predicted by Standard Solar Models (SSM), is seen by neutrino experiments at different parts as they are sensitive to various neutrino energy ranges. It is interesting to note that more than 98% of the calculated standard model solar neutrino flux lies below 1 MeV. Therefore, the study of low energy neutrinos can give us better understanding and the possibility of knowing about the presence of antineutrino and sterile neutrino components in solar neutrino flux. As such, this work becomes interesting as we include the data from medium energy (~1 MeV) experiments, i.e., Borexino and KamLAND solar phase. In our study we retrieve the bounds existing in literature and rather provide more stringent limits on sterile neutrino (νs) flux available in solar neutrino data.

Infrared saturable absorbers. Part II: Intensity dependent transmission of SF6 at 936.8 wave numbers

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (18) ◽  
pp. 1569-1579
Author(s):  
George F. Caudle ◽  
Jerald R. Izatt ◽  
Tuan-Kay Lim
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Excited State Absorption ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Hole Burning ◽  
Saturable Absorbers ◽  
Pulse Transmission ◽  
Band Absorption ◽  
Level Model

Due to rotational hole burning Q-switched laser pulses sometimes saturate a molecular absorber more effectively than CW laser radiation. The absorption by SF6 of frequencies near the P(28) line in the 10.6 μm CO2 laser band provides an interesting example. In this case it has been reported elsewhere that for peak intensities [Formula: see text] an increase in pulse intensity produces a monotonic increase in transmission whereas the CW transmission decreases monotonically with intensity. We report new measurements made over a wider range of laser power levels and at several SF6 pressures, which show that the global behavior of the transmission as a function of average beam power is quite similar for both CW and pulsed radiation. The pulse transmission is somewhat greater at all power levels, but when the average power is sufficiently high the growth of hot-band absorption and possibly other intensity dependent changes in the ground and excited-state absorption cross sections cause the transmission to fall well below its low-intensity value for CW radiation and pulses alike. The experimental transmission curves for both cases display as many as three extrema and cannot be explained, even qualitatively, by the five-level model used in the earlier work. The extended results are consistent with the modified five-level model presented in Part I of this pair of papers.

Testing and Analysis of the Extractor of a Sugarcane Chopper Harvester

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Jing Bai ◽  
Shaochun Ma ◽  
Guangyou Yang ◽  
Fenglei Wang ◽  
Haiqian Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Fan Speed

Abstract. Performance tests were carried out on the primary extractor of a Chenhan 4GQ-130 sugarcane chopper harvester to improve the harvesting quality, increase the economic benefits, and reduce the harvesting cost. The tests were designed to identify the relationships of three performance indexes (impurity rate, cane loss, and power consumption) to the main influencing factors (fan speed, air speed, and feeding rate of sugarcane). Single-factor tests showed that fan speed was positively correlated with air speed and pressure. The high feeding rate of 3 kg s-1 had a higher impurity rate than the low feeding rate of 2 kg s-1. The average power consumption was higher at the high feeding rate than at the low feeding rate. However, the results of a 2 × 3 factorial experiment showed that feeding rate did not have significant effects on the impurity rate, cane loss, and power consumption (p > 0.1). It also showed that fan speed had no significant effect on the impurity rate (p > 0.1). However, at a significance level of a = 0.05, fan speed had a highly significant influence on cane loss and power consumption (p < 0.01). Compared to the feeding rate, the effect of fan speed on each performance index was more significant. Fan speed was important for the impurity rate, cane loss, and power consumption. The interaction of feeding rate and fan speed was not significant. Therefore, the optimal fan speed should be determined for a suitable feeding rate, air speed, and air pressure, which determines the extractors’ optimal performance. Keywords: Air speed and pressure, Cane loss, Fan speed, Feeding rate, Impurity rate, Power consumption.

Status of the SPI for the JINR Accelerator Complex

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1660103
Author(s):  
V. V. Fimushkin ◽  
A. D. Kovalenko ◽  
L. V. Kutuzova ◽  
Yu. V. Prokofichev ◽  
A. S. Belov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Exchange ◽  
Deuteron Beam ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Accelerator Complex ◽  
Accelerator Facility ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Nuclotron Accelerator ◽  
Tensor Formula

The Source of Polarized Ions (SPI) of deuterons and protons with nearly resonant charge-exchange plasma ionizer is under construction at the LHEP, JINR. The [Formula: see text]D[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]) current output of the source is expected to be at a level of 10[Formula: see text]mA. The polarization will be up to 90% of the maximal vector (±1) for [Formula: see text]D[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]) and tensor ([Formula: see text]1, [Formula: see text]) polarization for [Formula: see text]D[Formula: see text]. Realization of the project is carried out in close cooperation with INR of the RAS (Moscow). The equipment available from the CIPIOS ion source (IUCF, Bloomington, USA) is partially used for the Dubna setup. The new source at the JINR NUCLOTRON accelerator facility will make it possible to increase the polarized deuteron beam intensity up to the level of 10[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]/pulse.

Detectors for collider experiments at the luminosity frontier

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 1530029
Author(s):  
Peter Križan
Keyword(s):  
Cp Violation ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Accelerator Complex ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Belle Ii ◽  
B Factory ◽  
Event Rates

In experiments at the luminosity frontier, New Physics is being searched for in precision studies of rare processes. The most important example of such an effort is experiments at B factories and super B factories. While B factories have fully established the CKM quark transition matrix as the only source of CP violation in the Standard Model, the next generation of B factories, the so-called super B factories, will look for departures from the Standard Model. To collect a 50 times larger data sample, needed to reach the required sensitivity, a substantial B factory upgrade is being carried out. The SuperKEKB accelerator complex is designed for an increase in luminosity by a factor of 40. The upgraded Belle II spectrometer is being constructed to operate at considerably higher event rates, as well as higher backgrounds, accompanied by an increase in occupancy and radiation damage. Higher event rates also require substantial modifications in the trigger scheme, data acquisition system and computing. The paper discusses the detectors at B factories, the motivation for SuperKEKB/Belle II, the super B factory at KEK, as well as the requirements for the new accelerator and for the new detector. The present status of the project will be presented together with plans for the future. We will also discuss its competition, the LHCb experiment at the LHC.

scholarly journals The KM3NeT potential for the next core-collapse supernova observation with neutrinos

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aiello ◽  
A. Albert ◽  
S. Alves Garre ◽  
Z. Aly ◽  
A. Ambrosone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Core Collapse Supernova ◽  
Neutrino Astrophysics ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Accretion Shock

AbstractThe KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of two water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, aimed at neutrino astrophysics and oscillation research, respectively. Instrumenting a large volume of sea water with $$\sim {6200}$$ ∼ 6200 optical modules comprising a total of $$\sim {200{,}000}$$ ∼ 200 , 000 photomultiplier tubes, KM3NeT will achieve sensitivity to $$\sim {10} \ \mathrm{MeV}$$ ∼ 10 MeV neutrinos from Galactic and near-Galactic core-collapse supernovae through the observation of coincident hits in photomultipliers above the background. In this paper, the sensitivity of KM3NeT to a supernova explosion is estimated from detailed analyses of background data from the first KM3NeT detection units and simulations of the neutrino signal. The KM3NeT observational horizon (for a $$5\,\sigma $$ 5 σ discovery) covers essentially the Milky-Way and for the most optimistic model, extends to the Small Magellanic Cloud ($$\sim {60} \ \mathrm{kpc}$$ ∼ 60 kpc ). Detailed studies of the time profile of the neutrino signal allow assessment of the KM3NeT capability to determine the arrival time of the neutrino burst with a few milliseconds precision for sources up to 5–8 kpc away, and detecting the peculiar signature of the standing accretion shock instability if the core-collapse supernova explosion happens closer than 3–5 kpc, depending on the progenitor mass. KM3NeT’s capability to measure the neutrino flux spectral parameters is also presented.

scholarly journals Analysis of High Energy Starting Events with the KM3NeT/ARCA detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Pikounis ◽  
Ekaterini Tzamariudaki ◽  
Christos Markou
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Detectors ◽  
Discovery Potential ◽  
Atmospheric Muon ◽  
Extraterrestrial Origin ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Unambiguous Detection ◽  
Astrophysical Neutrino

KM3NeT is a research infrastructure housing the next generation neutrino detectors in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea. The ARCA detector, which is currently under construction, is optimized for neutrino searches from astrophysical sources as well as measurements of the diffuse high energy astrophysical flux. The unambiguous detection of neutrinos of extraterrestrial origin by IceCube has led to the first measurement of a high energy astrophysical neutrino flux. The cutting-edge technology used for the design and construction of KM3NeT Digital Optical Modules along with the properties of sea water allow for a measurement of the neutrino direction with an unpresidented resolution for both track and cascade events. Taking advantage of this angular resolution a method to differentiate track and shower events and a method to reject the atmospheric muon background from track-like events were developed and combined to select a sample of high energy starting events. An analysis for the discovery potential of KM3NeT/ARCA for a diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux using these events is presented.

scholarly journals Fermilab proton accelerator complex status and improvement plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (16) ◽  
pp. 1730012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shiltsev
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Accelerator ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Accelerator Complex ◽  
Fixed Target Experiments ◽  
Superconducting Rf ◽  
Extensive Program ◽  
And Performance

Fermilab carries out an extensive program of accelerator-based high energy particle physics research at the Intensity Frontier that relies on the operation of 8 GeV and 120 GeV proton beamlines for a number of fixed target experiments. Routine operation with a world-record 700 kW of average 120 GeV beam power on the neutrino target was achieved in 2017 as a result of the Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) upgrade. There are plans to further increase the power from 900–1000 kW. The next major upgrade of the FNAL accelerator complex, called PIP-II, is under development. It aims at 1.2 MW beam power on target at the start of the LBNF/DUNE experiment in the middle of the next decade and assumes replacement of the existing 40 years old 400 MeV normal-conducting Linac with a modern 800 MeV superconducting RF linear accelerator. There are several concepts to further double the beam power to [Formula: see text] 2.4 MW after replacement of the existing 8 GeV Booster synchrotron. In this review, we discuss current performance of the Fermilab proton accelerator complex, the upgrade plans for the next two decades and the accelerator R&D program to address cost and performance risks for these upgrades.

scholarly journals Accelerator Design for 1.3 MW Beam Power Operation of the J-PARC Main Ring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Igarashi ◽  
Kenichirou Satou ◽  
Chihiro Ohmori ◽  
Yoshitugu Arakaki ◽  
Masashi Furusawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cp Violation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Neutrino Experiment ◽  
Beam Loss ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Main Ring ◽  
Technical Design Report ◽  
Accelerator Design

Abstract The J-PARC Main Ring (MR) has supplied the high-intensity proton beam for the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment since 2010. The present beam power is 510 kW and the total number of protons on the target reaches 3.64 × 1021. To observe CP violation in the lepton sector with high accuracy, more protons need to be delivered to the T2K target. The project to upgrade the beam power to 1.3 MW started as a mid-term plan of the MR. In parallel to preparing a full technical design report, the technical designs of hardware upgrades using new technologies and all accelerator components that are necessary to deliver the 1.3-MW beam power are summarized and consolidated in this short paper. Further, this paper includes beam dynamics studies and simulation results for handling 3.3 × 1014 protons per pulse (ppp) without significant beam loss in the ring and transport lines. The Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) project has recently been approved, and construction has started; the MR upgrade and HK project will work together efficiently to study the CP violation.

scholarly journals A multi-component model for observed astrophysical neutrinos

2018 ◽  
Vol 615 ◽  
pp. A168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Palladino ◽  
Walter Winter
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Energy ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Muon Energy ◽  
Astrophysical Neutrinos

Aims. We investigated the origin of observed astrophysical neutrinos. Methods. We propose a multi-component model for the observed diffuse neutrino flux. The model includes residual atmospheric backgrounds, a Galactic contribution (e.g., from cosmic ray interactions with gas), an extragalactic contribution from pp interactions (e.g., from starburst galaxies), and a hard extragalactic contribution from photo-hadronic interactions at the highest energies (e.g., from tidal disruption events or active galactic nuclei). Results. We demonstrate that this model can address the key problems of astrophysical neutrino data, such as the different observed spectral indices in the high-energy starting and through-going muon samples, a possible anisotropy due to Galactic events, the non-observation of point sources, and the constraint from the extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray background. Furthermore, the recently observed muon track with a reconstructed muon energy of 4.5 PeV might be interpreted as evidence for the extragalactic photo-hadronic contribution. We perform the analysis based on the observed events instead of the unfolded fluxes by computing the probability distributions for the event type and reconstructed neutrino energy. As a consequence, we give the probability of each of these astrophysical components on an event-to-event basis.

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