scholarly journals Plasticity of Hippocampal Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance: Missing the Synaptic Control in the Epileptic Brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bonansco ◽  
Marco Fuenzalida
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Synaptic Physiology ◽  
Abnormal Form ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Synaptic Control

Synaptic plasticity is the capacity generated by experience to modify the neural function and, thereby, adapt our behaviour. Long-term plasticity of glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission occurs in a concerted manner, finely adjusting the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance. Imbalances of E/I function are related to several neurological diseases including epilepsy. Several evidences have demonstrated that astrocytes are able to control the synaptic plasticity, with astrocytes being active partners in synaptic physiology and E/I balance. Here, we revise molecular evidences showing the epileptic stage as an abnormal form of long-term brain plasticity and propose the possible participation of astrocytes to the abnormal increase of glutamatergic and decrease of GABAergic neurotransmission in epileptic networks.

The Effects of P75NTR on Learning Memory Mediated by Hippocampal Apoptosis and Synaptic Plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Tang ◽  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Xing-Dong Chen ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
P75 Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

: Neurological diseases bring great mental and physical torture to the patients, and have long-term and sustained negative effects on families and society. The attention to neurological diseases is increasing, and the improvement of the material level is accompanied by an increase in the demand for mental level. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and involved in diverse and pleiotropic effects in the developmental and adult central nervous system (CNS). Since neurological diseases are usually accompanied by the regression of memory, the pathogenesis of p75NTR also activates and inhibits other signaling pathways, which has a serious impact on the learning and memory of patients. The results of studies shown that p75NTR is associated with LTP/LTD-induced synaptic enhancement and inhibition, suggest that p75NTR may be involved in the progression of synaptic plasticity. And its pro-apoptotic effect is associated with activation of proBDNF and inhibition of proNGF, and TrkA/p75NTR imbalance leads to pro-survival or pro-apoptotic phenomena. It can be inferred that p75NTR mediates apoptosis in the hippocampus and amygdale, which may affect learning and memory behavior. This article mainly discusses the relationship between p75NTR and learning memory and associated mechanisms, which may provide some new ideas for the treatment of neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Role of the Serotonin Receptor 7 in Brain Plasticity: From Development to Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Crispino ◽  
Floriana Volpicelli ◽  
Carla Perrone-Capano
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Mature Brain ◽  
Term Potentiation

Our knowledge on the plastic functions of the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7R) in the brain physiology and pathology considerably advanced in the last few years. A wealth of data show that the 5-HT7R is a key player in the establishment and remodeling of neuronal cytoarchitecture during development and in the mature brain, and its dysfunction is linked to neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases. The involvement of this receptor in synaptic plasticity is further demonstrated by data showing that its activation allows to rescue long term potentiation (LTP) and long term depression (LTD) deficits in various animal models of neurodevelopmental diseases. In addition, it is becoming clear that the 5-HT7R is involved in inflammatory intestinal diseases, possibly playing a role in the gut-brain axis, and modulates the function of immune cells. In this review, we will mainly focus on recent findings on this receptor’s role in the structural and synaptic plasticity of the mammalian brain, although we will also illustrate novel aspects highlighted in gut and immune system.

Regulation of neurogenesis by neurotrophins: implications in hippocampus-dependent memory

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAI LU ◽  
JAY H. CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hippocampus Dependent Memory

Neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons from neural precursor cells (NPCs), is a multi-step process that includes the proliferation of NPCs, fate determination, migration, and neuronal maturation. Neurogenesis is regulated by several extrinsic factors, such as enriched environment, physical exercise, hormones and stress, many of which also induce the expression of neurotrophins. In this review, we summarize studies on the role of neurotrophins in neurogenesis during development and in adults. We discuss the functional significance of neurogenesis in learning and memory, and how neurotrophins regulate this process. In this context, we describe recent experiments linking adult neurogenesis to long-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Further study of the relationship between neurotrophins, adult neurogenesis and dentate synaptic plasticity might provide new insights into the mechanisms by which gene–environment interactions control cognition and brain plasticity.

scholarly journals Role of the Serotonin Receptor 7 in Brain Plasticity: From Development to Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Crispino ◽  
Floriana Volpicelli ◽  
Carla Perrone-Capano
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Mature Brain ◽  
Term Potentiation

Our knowledge on the plastic functions of the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7R) in the brain physiology and pathology have advanced considerably in recent years. A wealth of data show that 5-HT7R is a key player in the establishment and remodeling of neuronal cytoarchitecture during development and in the mature brain, and its dysfunction is linked to neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases. The involvement of this receptor in synaptic plasticity is further demonstrated by data showing that its activation allows the rescue of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) deficits in various animal models of neurodevelopmental diseases. In addition, it is becoming clear that the 5-HT7R is involved in inflammatory intestinal diseases, modulates the function of immune cells, and is likely to play a role in the gut-brain axis. In this review, we will mainly focus on recent findings on this receptor’s role in the structural and synaptic plasticity of the mammalian brain, although we will also illustrate novel aspects highlighted in gastrointestinal (GI) tract and immune system.

Role of Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptors on Synaptic Plasticity and Neurological Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 2004-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Fuenzalida ◽  
Miguel Ángel Pérez ◽  
Hugo R. Arias
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Neurological Diseases

Brivaracetam Prevents the Over-expression of Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A and Rescues the Deficits of Hippocampal Long-term Potentiation In Vivo in Chronic Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xing Ge ◽  
Ying-Ying Lin ◽  
Qian-Qian Bi ◽  
Yu-Juan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Synaptic Dysfunction ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A

Background: Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) usually suffer from cognitive deficits and recurrent seizures. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a novel anti-epileptic drug (AEDs) recently used for the treatment of partial seizures with or without secondary generalization. Different from other AEDs, BRV has some favorable properties on synaptic plasticity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of BRV on synaptic plasticity in experimental TLE rats. Methods: The effect of chronic treatment with BRV (10 mg/kg) was assessed on Pilocarpine induced TLE model through measurement of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in vivo. Differentially expressed synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) were identified with immunoblot. Then, fast phosphorylation of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) during long-term potentiation (LTP) induction was performed to investigate the potential roles of BRV on synaptic plasticity in the TLE model. Results: An increased level of SV2A accompanied by a depressed LTP in the hippocampus was shown in epileptic rats. Furthermore, BRV treatment continued for more than 30 days improved the over-expression of SV2A and reversed the synaptic dysfunction in epileptic rats. Additionally, BRV treatment alleviates the abnormal SNAP-25 phosphorylation at Ser187 during LTP induction in epileptic ones, which is relevant to the modulation of synaptic vesicles exocytosis and voltagegated calcium channels. Conclusion: BRV treatment ameliorated the over-expression of SV2A in the hippocampus and rescued the synaptic dysfunction in epileptic rats. These results identify the neuroprotective effect of BRV on TLE model.

Effects of acute seizures on cell proliferation, synaptic plasticity and long-term behavior in adult zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 1756 ◽  
pp. 147334
Author(s):  
Charles Budaszewski Pinto ◽  
Natividade de Sá Couto-Pereira ◽  
Felipe Kawa Odorcyk ◽  
Kamila Cagliari Zenki ◽  
Carla Dalmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Acute Seizures ◽  
Long Term Behavior
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