scholarly journals Impact of the Type of Continuous Insulin Administration on Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schaschkow ◽  
C. Mura ◽  
S. Dal ◽  
A. Langlois ◽  
E. Seyfritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Insulin Pens ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Exogenous insulin is the only treatment available for type 1 diabetic patients and is mostly administered by subcutaneous (SC) injection in a basal and bolus scheme using insulin pens (injection) or pumps (preimplanted SC catheter). Some divergence exists between these two modes of administration, since pumps provide better glycaemic control compared to injections in humans. The aim of this study was to compare the impacts of two modes of insulin administration (single injections of long-acting insulin or pump delivery of rapid-acting insulin) at the same dosage (4 IU/200 g/day) on rat metabolism and tissues. The rat weight and blood glucose levels were measured periodically after treatment. Immunostaining for signs of oxidative stress and for macrophages was performed on the liver and omental tissues. The continuous insulin delivery by pumps restored normoglycaemia, which induced the reduction of both reactive oxygen species and macrophage infiltration into the liver and omentum. Injections controlled the glucose levels for only a short period of time and therefore tissue stress and inflammation were elevated. In conclusion, the insulin administration mode has a crucial impact on rat metabolic parameters, which has to be taken into account when studies are designed.

A Review of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-49
Author(s):  
Eileen O'Donnell ◽  
Liam O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
To Come

The diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) will come as an unwelcome surprise to most people. Within a short period of time, the person will have to come to understand and manage this chronic illness. The terminology associated with the T1D condition will also be totally new to the person: diabetes mellitus, pancreas, hyperglycaemia (hyper), hypoglycaemia (hypo), bolus (fast acting insulin), basal (slow acting insulin), ketones and blood glucose levels. The purpose of this article is to assist newly diagnosed patients' understanding of T1D, people who are already living with T1D, carers of people with T1D, partners and family members of someone with T1D, work colleagues, and friends who participate in the same sporting activities or go on holiday with a person who has T1D. In addition, this article reviews how people living with T1D can still enjoy exercise and maintain the best quality of life possible; whilst controlling the blood glucose levels in their body for the rest of their lives to prevent the onset of complications associated with diabetes.

A Review of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-45
Author(s):  
Eileen O'Donnell ◽  
Liam O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
To Come

The diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) will come as an unwelcome surprise to most people. Within a short period of time, the person will have to come to understand and manage this chronic illness. The terminology associated with the T1D condition will also be totally new to the person: diabetes mellitus, pancreas, hyperglycaemia (hyper), hypoglycaemia (hypo), bolus (fast acting insulin), basal (slow acting insulin), ketones and blood glucose levels. The purpose of this article is to assist newly diagnosed patients' understanding of T1D, people who are already living with T1D, carers of people with T1D, partners and family members of someone with T1D, work colleagues, and friends who participate in the same sporting activities or go on holiday with a person who has T1D. In addition, this article reviews how people living with T1D can still enjoy exercise and maintain the best quality of life possible; whilst controlling the blood glucose levels in their body for the rest of their lives to prevent the onset of complications associated with diabetes.

scholarly journals Critical Low Catastrophe: A Case Report of Treatment-Refractory Hypoglycemia following Overdose of Long-Acting Insulin

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashi Sandooja ◽  
John M. Moorman ◽  
Monisha Priyadarshini Kumar ◽  
Karla Detoya
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Stress Dose ◽  
Subsequent Improvement

Overdose of long-acting insulin can cause unpredictable hypoglycemia for prolonged periods of time. The initial treatment of hypoglycemia includes oral carbohydrate intake as able and/or parenteral dextrose infusion. Refractory hypoglycemia following these interventions presents a clinical challenge in the absence of clear guidelines for management. Octreotide has sometimes been used, but its use is generally limited to sulfonylurea overdose. In this case report, we present a case of refractory hypoglycemia following an overdose of 900 units of long-acting insulin glargine that failed to respond to usual modes of therapy mentioned above. Stress-dose corticosteroids were then initiated, followed by subsequent improvement in IV dextrose and glucagon requirements and blood glucose levels. Hence, corticosteroids may serve as an adjunctive therapy in managing hypoglycemia and can be considered earlier in the course of treatment in patients with refractory hypoglycemia to prevent volume overload, especially when large volumes of dextrose infusions are required.

When to consider continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Acting Insulin ◽  
Portable Pump ◽  
Long Acting

Most physicians agree that the aim of diabetic management is to achieve the best possible blood glucose control without troublesome hypoglycaemia. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin (CSII) via a battery-operated portable pump was introduced in 1977 with this aim, originally as a research technique to study the effects of prolonged near-physiological blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.1 It provides a continuous basal supply of unmodified, short-acting insulin throughout 24 hours with supplementary boluses before main meals, activated by the user from the same pump. Its introduction coincided with the move towards intensified conventional therapy (ICT) together with better education: improved blood-sugar control with self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose, more frequent insulin injections when necessary, and measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin (an index of average blood glucose control over the preceding month). The aim of ICT is to maintain a continuous basal supply of insulin using a long-acting insulin with bolus injections of short-acting insulin to cover meals.

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