scholarly journals DPFFs:C2MOSDirect Path Flip-Flops for Process-Resilient Ultradynamic Voltage Scaling

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Myeong-Eun Hwang ◽  
Sungoh Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Load Condition ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Standard Cell ◽  
Direct Path ◽  
Output Load ◽  
Adaptive Body Bias ◽  
Signal Propagation Path

We propose two master-slave flip-flops (FFs) that utilize the clocked CMOS (C2MOS) technique with an internal direct connection along the main signal propagation path between the master and slave latches and adopt an adaptive body bias technique to improve circuit robustness.C2MOSstructure improves the setup margin and robustness while providing full compatibility with the standard cell characterization flow. Further, the direct path shortens the logic depth and thus speeds up signal propagation, which can be optimized for less power and smaller area. Measurements from test circuits fabricated in 130 nm technology show that the proposed FF operates down to 60 mV, consuming 24.7 pW while improving the propagation delay, dynamic power, and leakage by 22%, 9%, and 13%, respectively, compared with conventional FFs at the iso-output-load condition. The proposed FFs are integrated into an8×8FIR filter which successfully operates all the way down to 85 mV.

scholarly journals Prediction of the EM signal delay in the ionosphere using neural model

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Zoran Stankovic ◽  
Nebojsa Doncov
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Signal Delay ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Global Positioning

Neural model capable to accurately and efficiently predict a propagation delay of electromagnetic signal in the ionosphere is proposed in this paper. The model performs this prediction for a given geographic location in Europe between 40?(N) and 70?(N) latitude and 10?(W) and 30?(E) longitude, according to the following parameters: particular day in a year, time during the day and frequency of a signal carrier. Architecture of the model consists of four multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks with the task to estimate, for the known values of the previously mentioned input parameters of the model, the approximate value of free ions concentration in the atmosphere along the signal propagation path above the geographic location of the receiver. Based on the estimated ions concentration and taking into account the considered frequency of the signal carrier, the model calculates the time delay of signal propagation in the ionosphere. The developed neural model is applicable on the whole territory of Republic of Serbia, for all four weather seasons in the period of low solar activity. The results of using the proposed model for the prediction of time delay of the GPS (Global Positioning System) signal in the area of city of Nis are provided in the paper.

Characterization of Signal Propagation through Limb Joints for Intrabody Communication

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
MirHojjat Seyedi ◽  
Zibo Cai ◽  
Daniel T. H. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Signal Attenuation ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Physical Layers ◽  
Signal Propagation Path

Intrabody communication (IBC) is one of the recent physical layers of the IEEE 802.15.6 Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) communication standard. It is employed for data transmission in low frequency bands (21 MHz as per standard, 0.3-120 MHz in literature), providing up to 10 Mbps data throughput. An effective way to increase data rate communication is to determine higher operation frequency bands. This paper reports empirical studies which explore signal propagation through the human body including limb joints within the 0.3-200 MHz frequency range. Results show that minimum signal attenuation points occur at 50 MHz and 150 MHz within the range of investigation. The presence of the joint segments along the signal propagation path causes on average 2.0 dB loss (at 50 MHz and 150 MHz), 6.0 dB loss (<1 MHz) and less than 3.0 dB (>150 MHz) compared to limb segments.

Investigations of the lower ionosphere over Antarctica via ELF-VLF radiowaves

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Reznikov ◽  
A. I. Sukhorukov ◽  
D. E. Edemskii ◽  
V. V. Kopeikin ◽  
P. A. Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Resonance Band ◽  
Cavity Resonances ◽  
Lightning Discharges ◽  
Signal Propagation Path

The paper discusses ELF-VLF investigations of the low Antarctic ionosphere. Two new methods of lower ionospheric diagnostics are based on an investigation of the VLF electromagnetic field structure in the Earth-ionosphere cavity. One method deals with the analysis of local transverse cavity resonances in the near field of an emitter (a horizontal antenna) with a frequency (~1.5-8 kHz) in the range of the first few resonances. The other method, based on tweek investigations, is applicable under night conditions and enables the characteristics of the low ionosphere to be determined over a signal propagation path. The use of the ELF-VLF transmitter at Siple Station provides a unique opportunity to implement these methods, as does the ELF multipoint recording in the Schumann resonance band of atmospherics excited by powerful lightning discharges.

scholarly journals Joint UAV channel modeling and power control for 5G IoT networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhua Fu ◽  
Tian Ding ◽  
Rongqun Peng ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Mohamed Cheriet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper studies the communication problem between UAVs and cellular base stations in a 5G IoT scenario where multiple UAVs work together. We are dedicated to the uplink channel modeling and the performance analysis of the uplink transmission. In the channel model, we consider the impact of 3D distance and multi-UAVs reflection on wireless signal propagation. The 3D distance is used to calculate the path loss, which can better reflect the actual path loss. The power control factor is used to adjust the UAV's uplink transmit power to compensate for different propagation path losses, so as to achieve precise power control. This paper proposes a binary exponential power control algorithm suitable for 5G networked UAV transmitters and presents the entire power control process including the open-loop phase and the closed-loop phase. The effects of power control factors on coverage probability, spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency under different 3D distances are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the optimal power control factor can be found from the point of view of energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Blockchain Network Propagation Mechanism Based on P4P Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Junjie Huang ◽  
Liang Tan ◽  
Sun Mao ◽  
Keping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Network Provider ◽  
Network Propagation ◽  
System Overhead ◽  
Message Propagation

Blockchain is a mainstream technology in which many untrustworthy nodes work together to maintain a distributed ledger with advantages such as decentralization, traceability, and tamper-proof. The network layer communication mechanism in its architecture is the core of the networking method, message propagation, and data verification among blockchain nodes, which is the basis to ensure blockchain’s performance and key features. When blocks are propagated in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks with gossip protocol, the high propagation delay of the protocol itself reduces the propagation speed of the blocks, which is prone to the chain forking phenomenon and causes double payment attacks. To accelerate the propagation speed and reduce the fork probability, this paper proposes a blockchain network propagation mechanism based on proactive network provider participation for P2P (P4P) architecture. This mechanism first obtains the information of network topology and link status in a region based on the internet service provider (ISP), then it calculates the shortest path and link overhead of peer nodes using P4P technology, prioritizes the nodes with good local bandwidth conditions for transmission, realizes the optimization of node connections, improves the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) of blockchain networks, and enables blockchain nodes to exchange blocks and transactions through the secure propagation path. Simulation experiments show that the proposed propagation mechanism outperforms the original propagation mechanism of the blockchain network in terms of system overhead, rate of data success transmission, routing hops, and propagation delay.

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