scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties, Bioactive Constituents, and Other Therapeutic Effects ofScoparia dulcis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geethi Pamunuwa ◽  
D. Nedra Karunaratne ◽  
Viduranga Y. Waisundara
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Alternative And Complementary Therapy

This review discusses the antidiabetic activities ofScoparia dulcisas well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in relation to the diabetes and its complications. Ethnomedical applications of the herb have been identified as treatment for jaundice, stomach problems, skin disease, fever, and kidney stones, reproductory issues, and piles. Evidence has been demonstrated through scientific studies as to the antidiabetic effects of crude extracts ofS. dulcisas well as its bioactive constituents. The primary mechanisms of action of antidiabetic activity of the plant and its bioactive constituents are throughα-glucosidase inhibition, curbing of PPAR-γand increased secretion of insulin. Scoparic acid A, scoparic acid D, scutellarein, apigenin, luteolin, coixol, and glutinol are some of the compounds which have been identified as responsible for these mechanisms of action.S. dulcishas also been shown to exhibit analgesic, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, sedative, hypnotic, antiulcer, antisickling, and antimicrobial activities. Given this evidence, it may be concluded thatS. dulciscould be promoted among the masses as an alternative and complementary therapy for diabetes, provided further scientific studies on the toxicological and pharmacological aspects are carried out through eitherin vivoor clinical means.

scholarly journals Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: Pros and Cons

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour K. Younis ◽  
Rana O. Zareef ◽  
Sally N. Al Hassan ◽  
Fadi Bitar ◽  
Ali H. Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Neurological Effects

The pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has recently overwhelmed medical centers and paralyzed economies. The unparalleled public distress caused by this pandemic mandated an urgent quest for an effective approach to manage or treat this disease. Due to their well-established anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory properties, quinine derivatives have been sought as potential therapies for COVID-19. Indeed, these molecules were originally employed in the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, and later in the management of various autoimmune rheumatic and dermatologic diseases. Initially, some promising results for the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in treating COVID-19 patients were reported by a few in vitro and in vivo studies. However, current evidence is not yet sufficiently solid to warrant its use as a therapy for this disease. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of HCQ are not without many side effects, which range from mild gastrointestinal effects to life-threatening cardiovascular and neurological effects. In this review, we explore the controversy associated with the repurposing of HCQ to manage or treat COVID-19, and we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of HCQ.

scholarly journals The therapeutic effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L.

2020 ◽  
pp. S555-S571
Author(s):  
Z Paluch ◽  
L Biriczová ◽  
G Pallag ◽  
E Carvalheiro Marques ◽  
N Vargová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rosaceae Family

Agrimonia eupatoria L. is an herb of the Rosaceae family, widely used in traditional (folk) medicine for its beneficial effects. Its water extracts (infusions and decoctions) are used in the treatment of airway and urinary system diseases, digestive tract diseases, and chronic wounds. Phytochemical analyses of Agrimonia eupatoria L. identified a variety of bioactive compounds including tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids and volatile oils possessing antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. The authors review the available literature sources examining and discussing the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L. at the molecular level in vitro and in vivo.

An Appraisal of Current Pharmacological Perspectives of Sesamol: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 988-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bellamkonda Bosebabu ◽  
Sri Pragnya Cheruku ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi ◽  
Madhavan Nampoothiri ◽  
Rekha R. Shenoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds have been authenticated for its medicinal value in both Chinese and Indian systems of medicine. Its numerous potential nutritional benefits are attributed to its main bioactive constituents, sesamol. As a result of those studies, several molecular mechanisms are emerging describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. This review summarized the most interesting in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological effects of sesamol. The present work summarises data available from Pubmed and Scopus database. Several molecular mechanisms have been elucidated describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. Its major therapeutic effects have been elicited in managing oxidative and inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome and mood disorders. Further, compelling evidence reflected the ability of sesamol in inhibiting proliferation of the inflammatory cell, prevention of invasion and angiogenesis via affecting multiple molecular targets and downstream mechanisms. Sesamol is a safe, non‐toxic chemical that mediates anti‐inflammatory effects by down‐regulating the transcription of inflammatory markers such as cytokines, redox status, protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation. In addition, sesamol also induces apoptosis in cancer cells via mitochondrial and receptor‐mediated pathways, as well as activation of caspase cascades. In the present review, several pharmacological effects of sesamol are summarised namely, antioxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, radioprotective, anti-aging, anti-ulcer, anti-dementia, anti-depressant, antiplatelet, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiolytic, wound healing, cosmetic (skin whitening), anti-microbial, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibition, hepatoprotective activity and other biological effects. Here we have summarized the proposed mechanism behind these pharmacological effects.

scholarly journals Prospects of honey in fighting against COVID-19: pharmacological insights and therapeutic promises

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandkar Shaharina Hossain ◽  
Md. Golzar Hossain ◽  
Akhi Moni ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Umma Habiba Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Varicella Zoster

Honey and its various ingredients have been in limelight as an effective natural therapy capable of normalizing the situation by attenuating acute inflammation through encouraging immune response. Several studies have proved its potential healing capability against numerous chronic diseases/conditions, including pulmonary disorders, cardiac disorders, diabetes, hypertension, autophagy dysfunction, bacterial and fungal infections. More importantly, honey showed its virucidal effect on several enveloped viruses such as HIV, influenza virus, herpes simplex, and varicella zoster virus. Honey may be beneficial for patients with COVID-19 caused by an enveloped virus SARS-CoV-2 through simultaneously boosting the host immune system, improving comorbid conditions and antiviral activities. Moreover, a clinical trial of honey on COVID-19 patients has been undergoing. In this review, we summarized the potential benefits of honey and its ingredients in the context of antimicrobial activities, numerous chronic diseases, and host immune system and thereby tried to establish a relationship with honey for the treatment of COVID-19. This review will be helpful to reconsider the insights into the possible potential therapeutic effects of honey in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. However, the effects of honey on SARS-CoV-2 replication and/or host immune system need to be further investigated by in vitro and in vivo studies.

Medicinal Herbs in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenrui Li ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Ruijun Liu ◽  
Yinbo Niu ◽  
Yalei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Effective Prevention

Osteoporosis is a common disease with wide prevalence, especially in the elderly population. Osteoporosis induced fractures not only decrease the patient's life quality, but also cause heavy financial burden to the society. Although current medications for osteoporosis are effective, numerous adverse effects have been observed accompanying their clinical applications. Effective prevention and therapy strategies with high safety are critical, which benefit both individual patients and the whole society. Traditional Chinese medicines have been used for thousands of years to treat bone related diseases in China and a number of modern preparations have been developed that are currently commercially available. In addition, several medicinal herbs demonstrated therapeutic effects against osteoporosis in animal models. This paper reviewed the anti-osteoporotic effects of traditional Chinese formulas, medicinal herbs and bioactive constituents based on clinical trials and in vivo animal studies. Due to the lack of rigorous studies to compare the effectiveness with conventional interventions, traditional formulas are recommended as alternative medications or supplements to treat osteoporosis at the current stage. Although there are abundant natural resources with anti-osteoporotic effects, either in the form of medicinal herbs or bioactive components, much work need to be accomplished before they are developed into potential drugs.

scholarly journals Medical Species Used in Russia for the Management of Diabetes and Related Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Shikov ◽  
Igor A. Narkevich ◽  
Alexandra V. Akamova ◽  
Oksana D. Nemyatykh ◽  
Elena V. Flisyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Web Resource ◽  
Galega Officinalis

Background: Polyherbal mixtures called “medical species” are part of traditional and officinal medicine in Russia. This review aimed to analyze medical species used in Russia for the treatment of diabetes and related disorders. The information relevant to medical species, diabetes, and obesity was collected from local libraries, the online service E-library.ru, and Google Scholar. The prediction of the antidiabetic activity for the principal compounds identified in plants was performed using the free web resource PASS Online.Results: We collected and analyzed information about the compositions, specificities of use, and posology of 227 medical species. The medical species represent mixtures of 2–15 plants, while the most frequently mentioned in the literature are species comprising 3–6 plants. The top 10 plants among the 158 mentioned in the literature include Vaccinium myrtillus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Taraxacum campylodes G.E. Haglund., Urtica dioica L., Rosa spp., Hypericum spp., Galega officinalis L., Mentha × piperita L., Arctium spp, and Fragaria vesca L. The leading binary combination found in medical species comprises the leaves of V. myrtillus and pericarp of P. vulgaris; leaves of V. myrtillus and leaves of U. dioica; and leaves of V. myrtillus and aerial parts of G. officinalis. In triple combinations, in addition to the above-mentioned components, the roots of T. campylodes are often used. These combinations can be regarded as basic mixtures. Other plants are added to improve the efficacy, treat associated disorders, improve gastrointestinal function, prevent allergic reactions, etc. Meanwhile, an increase in plants in the mixture necessitates advanced techniques for quality control. A feature of medical species in Russia is the addition of fresh juices, birch sap, seaweeds, and adaptogenic plants. Modern studies of the mechanisms of action and predicted activities of the principal compounds from medicinal plants support the rationality of polyherbal mixtures. Nevertheless, the mechanisms are not well studied and reported due to the limited number of compounds. Further investigations with calculations of synergistic or additive indices are important for strengthening the scientific fundamentals for the wider use of medical species in the therapy of diabetes. Two medical species, “Arfazetin” (7 medicinal plants) and “Myrphasinum” (12 medicinal plants), are approved for use in officinal medicine. The efficacy of these species was confirmed in several in vivo experiments and clinical trials. According to modern regulatory rules, additional experiments and clinical trials are required for more detailed investigations of the mechanisms of action and confirmation of efficacy.Conclusion: We believe that the scientifically based utilization of rich plant resources and knowledge of Russian herbal medicine can significantly contribute to the local economy as well as to the sectors seeking natural healing products.

Mechanisms of action of antihyperglycemic mexicanolides isolated from Swietenia humillis: in vivo and in silico approaches

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ovalle-Magallanes ◽  
A Madariaga-Mazón ◽  
A Navarrete ◽  
R Mata
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action

Clinical Trials in Thrombosis: Secondary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 049-056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R Klimt ◽  
P. H Doub ◽  
Nancy H Doub
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Prospective Trials

SummaryNumerous in vivo and in vitro experiments, investigating the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the prevention of experimentally-induced thrombosis, suggest that anti-platelet drugs, such as aspirin or the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole or sulfinpyrazone, may be effective anti-thrombotic agents in man. Since 1971, seven randomized prospective trials and two case-control studies have been referenced in the literature or are currently being conducted, which evaluate the effects of aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or dipyridamole in combination with aspirin in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. A critical review of these trials indicates a range of evidence from no difference to a favorable trend that antiplatelet drugs may serve as anti-thrombotic agents in man. To date, a definitive answer concerning the therapeutic effects of these drugs in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is not available.

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