scholarly journals The Association of Physical Activity during Weekdays and Weekend with Body Composition in Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Drenowatz ◽  
Nicole Gribben ◽  
Michael D. Wirth ◽  
Gregory A. Hand ◽  
Robin P. Shook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Prospective Association

Physical activity (PA) is a key contributor in long-term weight management but there remains limited research on the association between weekly PA patterns and weight change. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prospective association between weekly PA patterns and weight change in generally healthy young adults. Anthropometric measurements, including dual X-ray absorptiometry, were obtained every 3 months over a period of one year in 338 adults (53% male). At each measurement time, participants wore a multisensor device for a minimum of 10 days to determine total daily energy expenditure and time spent sleeping, sedentary, in light PA (LPA), in moderate PA (MPA), and in vigorous PA (VPA). PA did not differ between weekdays and the weekend at baseline. Twenty-four-hour sleep time, however, was significantly longer during weekends compared to weekdays, which was associated with less time spent sedentary. Weight loss was associated with a significant increase in LPA at the expense of sedentary time during the weekend but not during weekdays. Regression analyses further revealed an inverse association between change in VPA during the weekend and body composition at 12-month follow-up. Taken together, these results suggest that weekend PA plays an important role in long-term weight management.

scholarly journals The association between fluid intake, water balance and body composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laja-García ◽  
María de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken ◽  
Carmen Moráis-Moreno ◽  
Teresa Partearroyo ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Intake Water

AbstractIntroductionThe increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity has developed into an epidemic public health problem worldwide. In this regard, in the last years several investigations have suggested that water intake and water balance could have important implications for both weight management and body composition. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between fluid intake, water balance and body composition in a sample of healthy young adults from Spain.Material and methodsA total of 358 healthy subjects (121 males; 237 females) aged 18–39 years participated in the current study. The validated questionnaire entitled “The hydration status questionnaire” was used to assess fluid intake, elimination, and water balance. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist circumference) were performed according to the recommendations of the International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment (ISAK). The estimates of total body water (TBW), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were acquired by bioelectrical bioimpedance analysis. Physical activity was estimated through the Short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Differences in anthropometric and body composition variables were assessed through the ANOVA test and considered significant at p < 0.05.ResultsFluid intake was correlated with body water content in females (r = 0.180, p = 0.006) and males (r = 0.266, p = 0.003). An inverse association between water consumption per weight (ml/kg) with body weight (females (f): r = -0.318, p = 0.000; males (m): r = -0.220, p = 0.015), body fat mass (f: r = -0.320, p = 0.000; m: r = -0.200, p = 0.028), and waist circumference (f: r = -0.237, p = 0.000; m: r = -0.215, p = 0.018) was found. Finally, significant differences in body water content in females according to water balance were observed (p = 0.04).DiscussionHigher fluid intake seems to be related with a better body composition, therefore the improvement of water intake and water balance could be useful in weight management and in the prevention of overweight and obesity in healthy young adults.

scholarly journals Body Composition Impact on Sleep in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Sedentariness, Physical Activity, and Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Almudena Carneiro-Barrera ◽  
Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete ◽  
Francisco M. Acosta ◽  
Jonatan R. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
High Bmi

Obesity and sleep disturbances are both related to endocrine and metabolic alterations, cardiovascular disease, and impaired daytime functioning and mood. However, the bidirectional relationship between these conditions and the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with sleep in young adults, considering the mediating role of sedentariness, physical activity, and diet. A total of 187 adults aged 18–25 (35.29% men) participated in the study. Body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio, and waist–height ratio were calculated, and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner was used to assess body composition. Sedentary time and physical activity, as well as sleep duration and quality, were objectively and subjectively measured using accelerometry and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. An inverse association was found between BMI and total sleep time (β = −0.165, p = 0.029). Waist–hip ratio and lean mass index were also negatively associated with total sleep time (β = −0.222, p = 0.007, and β = −0.219, p = 0.004) and sleep efficiency (β = −0.174, p = 0.037, and β = −0.188, p = 0.013). Sedentary time moderated by sex explained the association of BMI with total sleep time such that a high BMI was related to higher sedentariness in men which, in turn, was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration. Sedentary time is, therefore, a link/risk factor mediating the association of high BMI with short sleep duration in healthy young men.

scholarly journals Prospective association between body composition, physical activity and energy intake in young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Drenowatz ◽  
B Cai ◽  
G A Hand ◽  
P T Katzmarzyk ◽  
R P Shook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Prospective Association

Serum Myostatin Levels Are Higher in Fitter, More Active, and Non-Frail Long-Term Nursing Home Residents and Increase after a Physical Exercise Intervention

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritz Arrieta ◽  
Gotzone Hervás ◽  
Chloe Rezola-Pardo ◽  
Fátima Ruiz-Litago ◽  
Miren Iturburu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Activity Level

Background: Myostatin has been proposed as a candidate biomarker for frailty and sarcopenia. However, the relationship of myostatin with these conditions remains inconclusive. Objective: To determine the association of serum myostatin concentration with body composition, physical fitness, physical activity level, and frailty in long-term nursing home residents. We also aimed to ascertain the effect of an exercise program on myostatin levels. Methods: We obtained study data on 112 participants from long-term nursing homes. Participants were randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group and performed a 6-month multicomponent exercise program. Serum myostatin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Assessments also included body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test), physical activity level (accelerometry), and frailty (Fried frailty criteria, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Tilburg frailty indicator). Results: The concentration of myostatin at baseline was positively correlated with: a leaner body composition (p < 0.05), and a higher number of steps per day and light and moderate-vigorous physical activity in women (p < 0.005); greater upper and lower limb strength, endurance, and poorer flexibility (p < 0.05) in men; and better performance (less time) in the 8-ft timed up-and-go test in both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.005). We observed higher concentrations of serum myostatin in non-frail than in frail participants (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found that the implemented physical exercise intervention, which was effective to improve physical fitness, increased myostatin concentration in men (p < 0.05) but not in women. The improvements in physical condition were related with increases in serum myostatin only in men (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusions: Higher serum levels of myostatin were found to be associated with better physical fitness. The improvements in physical fitness after the intervention were positively related to increases in myostatin concentrations in men. These results seem to rule out the idea that high serum myostatin levels are indicative of frailty in long-term nursing home residents. However, although the direction of association was opposite to that expected for the function of myostatin, the use of this protein as a biomarker for physical fitness, rather than frailty, merits further study.

scholarly journals Persistent Uncontrolled Asthma: Long-Term Impact on Physical Activity and Body Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Mustafa Abdo ◽  
Benjamin Waschki ◽  
Anne-Marie Kirsten ◽  
Frederik Trinkmann ◽  
Heike Biller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
Long Term Impact

Sleep Patterns and Affect Dynamics Among College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Mousavi ◽  
Jocelyn Lai ◽  
Katharine Simon ◽  
Alexander P. Rivera ◽  
Asal Yunusova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Affect Dynamics

BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is a transdiagnostic risk factor so prevalent among young adults it is considered a public health epidemic, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep may contribute to mental health via affect dynamics. Prior literature on contribution of sleep to affect is largely based on correlational studies or experiments that do not generalize to the daily lives of young adults. Furthermore, the literature examining the associations between sleep variability and affect dynamics remains scant. OBJECTIVE In an ecologically valid context, using an intensive longitudinal design, we aimed to assess the daily and long-term associations between sleep patterns and affect dynamics among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS College student participants (N=20, 65% female) wore an Oura ring continuously for 3-months to measure sleep patterns, such as average and variability in total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), and sleep onset latency (SOL), resulting in 1173 unique observations. We administered a daily ecological momentary assessment (EMA) using a mobile health app to evaluate positive (PA) and negative affect (NA), and COVID-worry once per day. RESULTS Participants with higher SOL and TST on the prior day had lower PA the next day. Further, higher average TST across the 3-month period predicted lower average PA. TST variability predicted higher affect variability across all affect domains. CONCLUSIONS Fluctuating sleep patterns are associated with affect dynamics at daily and long-term scales. Low PA and affect variability may be potential pathways through which sleep has implications for mental health.

Efficacy of interventions incorporating mobile applications in facilitating weight loss and health behavior change in the Asian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew Min Ang ◽  
Juliana Chen ◽  
Jolyn Johal ◽  
Jia Huan Liew ◽  
Yock Young Dan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Controlled Trials

BACKGROUND Smartphone applications (apps) have shown potential in enhancing weight management in the Western population in the short to medium term. With a rapidly growing obesity burden in the Asian populations, researchers are turning to apps as a service delivery platform to reach a greater target audience to efficiently tackle the problem. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of interventions incorporating apps in facilitating weight loss and health behavior change in the Asian population. METHODS Six databases were searched in June 2020. Eligible studies were controlled trials utilizing an app in the intervention in participants aged 18 years or above and from an Asian ethnicity. A meta-analysis to test intervention efficacy, subgroup analyses and post-hoc analyses were conducted to determine the effects of adding app to usual care and study duration. The primary outcome was absolute or percentage weight change while secondary outcomes were changes to lifestyle behaviors. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included in this review and 17 were selected for the meta-analysis. The pooled effect size across 14 randomized controlled trials for weight change was small to moderate (Hedges’ g = -0.28, 95% CI = -0.44 to -0.12) however, this was not representative of long-term studies (more than a year). Stand-alone app interventions were inefficacious for weight loss but supplementing multi-component usual care with an app led to statistically significant weight change (Hedges’ g = -0.25 95% CI = -0.43 to -0.07). Asian apps were largely culturally adapted and multi-functional, with the most common app features being communication with health professionals and self-monitoring of behaviors and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS More evidence is required to determine the efficacy of apps in the long term and address app non-usage to maximize the potential of the intervention. Future research should determine the efficacy of each component of the multi-component intervention to facilitate study designs that are most effective and cost-efficient for weight management. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42020165240.

Abstract P051: Lifestyle Change In Mid-life And Long-term Weight Gain In Women With And Without History Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxi Yang ◽  
Janet Rich-Edwards ◽  
Molin Wang ◽  
Wafaie W Fawzi ◽  
Cuilin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Lifestyle Change ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Identifying strategies to mitigate gradual long-term weight gain is critical for preventing obesity and its related chronic diseases, particularly for persons at high risk, such as women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We prospectively examined the independent associations between lifestyle changes in mid-life with long-term weight change among women with and without a history of GDM. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that favorable improvements in lifestyle would be associated with less long-term weight gain, particularly among women with a history of GDM. Methods: We used data from the longitudinal Nurses’ Health Study II, with self-reported lifestyle, diet via food frequency questionnaire, and body weight updated every 2-4 years. We analyzed repeated 4-year changes of the following lifestyle factors among parous women after age 40: adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (Alternate Healthy Eating Index score [AHEI]), physical activity (MET-hrs/wk), moderate alcohol intake (servings/d), and non-smoking, in relation to concurrent 4-year change in body weight (lb). We used multivariable generalized estimating equation models to estimate the least-squares mean of 4-year weight change and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each lifestyle change category (e.g., decrease, remain stable, and increase). Results: Our analysis included 61,637 women, of which 3,444 (5.6%) had a history of GDM. Mean of repeated 4-year weight change after age 40 was 3.0 lb (SD=14.3). Improving diet was associated with favorable 4-year weight change, particularly among women with a history of GDM vs. without GDM (AHEI score change from low to high: -6.3 lb [CI: -9.3, -3.4] vs. -2.7 lb [CI: -3.2, -2.2], respectively; p-interaction=0.04). Increasing physical activity was associated with weight maintenance for GDM women only (MET-hrs/wk change from low to high: 0.6 lb [95% CI: -0.6, 1.7] vs. 2.0 lb [95% CI: 1.8, 2.2] for GDM vs. non-GDM, respectively; p-interaction=0.01). Reducing alcohol (decreased servings/d: 1.9 lb [95% CI: 1.2, 2.6] and 2.8 lb [95% CI: 2.6, 2.9] for GDM vs. non-GDM, respectively) and smoking cessation (recent quitter: 9.8 lb [95% CI: 7.1, 12.5] and 8.5 lb [95% CI: 8.0, 9.1] for GDM vs. non-GDM, respectively) were associated with similar patterns in weight change for women with and without prior GDM. Further, the joint association of improving both diet and physical activity from low to high was related to -12.3 lb (95% CI: -19.5, -5.0) and -6.1 lb (95% CI: -8.0, -4.2) of weight loss for GDM vs. non-GDM women, respectively. Conclusions: We observed that attainable improvements in diet quality and physical activity were associated with weight gain prevention. These findings support continued efforts to improve lifestyle as a beneficial strategy to prevent long-term weight gain, particularly among women with a history of GDM.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND SLEEP TIME ASSOCIATED TO BODY COMPOSITION IN ILHABELA SCHOOLCHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7S) ◽  
pp. 573-573
Author(s):  
Anderson Bastos Lopes ◽  
Luis Carlos de Oliveira ◽  
João Pedro da Siva Junior ◽  
Maurício dos Santos ◽  
Diana Carolina Gonzalez Beltran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Activity Level
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