scholarly journals A Multipath Routing Protocol Based on Bloom Filter for Multihop Wireless Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwei Jin ◽  
Sanghyun Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Multihop Wireless Networks ◽  
Bloom Filter ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Multihop Wireless ◽  
Backup Path ◽  
Primary Path ◽  
Multiple Routes

On-demand multipath routing in a wireless ad hoc network is effective in achieving load balancing over the network and in improving the degree of resilience to mobility. In this paper, the salvage capable opportunistic node-disjoint multipath routing (SNMR) protocol is proposed, which forms multiple routes for data transmission and supports packet salvaging with minimum overhead. The proposed mechanism constructs a primary path and a node-disjoint backup path together with alternative paths for the intermediate nodes in the primary path. It can be achieved by considering the reverse route back to the source stored in the route cache and the primary path information compressed by a Bloom filter. Our protocol presents higher capability in packet salvaging and lower overhead in forming multiple routes. Simulation results show that SNMR outperforms the compared protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, and throughput.

scholarly journals Multipath Routing Protocol Based On Cross-Layer Approach for MANET

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Alaa Azmi Allahham ◽  
Muamer Mohammed ◽  
Nassir Sallom Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Cross Layer Design ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Physical Layers ◽  
Layered Architecture

<p class="Abstract">Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) involved in many applications, whether smart or traditional and for both civilian and military uses, and that because of their special features, where it does not depend on any infrastructure during its working, as well as the nodes in MANETs have a freedom of movement with the ability to self-configure, in addition, to working as a router or client at the same time. Moreover, MANETs considered as an infrastructure less network, so the cost of this type of networks is less in comparison to other traditional networks. On the other hand, the routing considered one of most important challenges in MANETs due to the  perpetual motion and randomness of the nodes that can causing a continuous change of the network topology and thus to all paths between nodes, where finding valid paths between the nodes is the core task of routing protocols. Recently, it has been argued that the traditional layered architecture is ineffective to deal with receiving signal strength related problems. In an effort to improve the performance of MANETs, there has been increased in protocols that rely on cross-layer interaction between different layers. In this paper, a Cross-layer design among Network, MAC and Physical layers based on Threshold Multipath Routing Protocol (CTMRP) is proposed. The CTMRP is designed for decision maker based on threshold value of average paths signal for efficient transmission of the Text, image, audio and video as well as sending the data via multiple paths, which mitigate the negatives effects causes from forcing the nodes to send the data via single. The Route Discovery Delay, Number of RREQ Messages, Number of RREP Messages, End-to-End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and Throughput were selected as the main performance evaluation metrics. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance and lead to increase stability of transmission link.</p>

Geometric sequence based multipath routing protocol for multi-hop ad hoc networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya M. Tashtoush ◽  
Mohammad A. Alsmirat ◽  
Tasneem Alghadi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Geometric Sequence ◽  
End To End

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose, a new multi-path routing protocol that distributes packets over the available paths between a sender and a receiver in a multi-hop ad hoc network. We call this protocol Geometric Sequence Based Multipath Routing Protocol (GMRP). Design/methodology/approach GMRP distributes packets according to the geometric sequence. GMRP is evaluated using GloMoSim simulator. The authors use packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay as the comparison performance metrics. They also vary many network configuration parameters such as number of nodes, transmission rate, mobility speed and network area. Findings The simulation results show that GMRP reduces the average end-to-end delay by up to 49 per cent and increases the delivery ratio by up to 8 per cent. Originality/value This study is the first to propose to use of geometric sequence in the multipath routing approach.

An Adaptive Link-Disjoint Multipath Routing in Ad Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Min Hua Shao ◽  
Yi Ping Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Backup Path ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Package Delivery ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are different from other network features, every mobile node possesses the role of host and router which makes routing mechanism become a key of the influence network stability. Because MANET topology is dynamic and easy-changing, so many scholars provide multipath and backup path routing protocol to solve the problems above. In 2001, Marina and Das proposed AOMDV multipath routing protocol which solves the limit of AODV single path routing protocol and promoted the efficiency of the whole network operation. However, we find out AOMDV has more than one first hop problem that cannot operate the multiple paths in some sparse networks. Thus, this paper uses the idea of common link to solve the problem which is an adaptive and efficient multipath routing protocol. To correspond to different dynamic topology, we need to adjust to route establishing scheme, in order to efficiently increase the number of paths and to decrease the frequency of route discovery which will provide a stable network connection. Finally, through the NS-2 simulation of experimental results shows our scheme the better performance in end to end delay and package delivery rate, compared with AOMDV routing protocol, and our scheme does not cause the additional network overhead.

Reliable Node Based Multipath QoS Routing Protocol on Opportunistic Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 4669-4674
Author(s):  
Xue Bin Ma ◽  
Li Ting Wang ◽  
Zhen Chao Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Primary Path ◽  
Backup Paths

Opportunistic networks are similar to the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that does not have fixed infrastructure, and the messages can be transmitted by nodes in a "store - carry - forward" approach. The mobile nodes randomly move, which result in a constantly changed network topology and frequently interrupted link. Thus, multipath routing has been proposed to improve the stability of link, extend path lifetime and reduce packet loss rate. The paper first analyzes the traditional multipath routing protocol and its path selection theory, and then investigates quality of service (QoS) metric to improve transmission efficiency of opportunistic networks, and finally proposes a reliable node based on multipath QoS routing protocol, named as RNMR. In RNMR, the stable path contains primary path and two backup paths. The primary path consists of reliable nodes and intermediate nodes, and the two backup paths are formed by two disjoint sub-paths selected from two adjacent and reliable nodes. By comparing with the backup source routing (BSR) protocol and greed-based routing (GBR-WB) protocol, the paper proves RNMR protocol has longer path lifetime, deliver rate and relay are also improved.

Modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8357-8364
Author(s):  
Thompson Stephan ◽  
Ananthnarayan Rajappa ◽  
K.S. Sendhil Kumar ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Achyut Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Greedy Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is the most growing research area in wireless communication and has been gaining significant attention over recent years due to its role in designing intelligent transportation systems. Wireless multi-hop forwarding in VANETs is challenging since the data has to be relayed as soon as possible through the intermediate vehicles from the source to destination. This paper proposes a modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol (MFGR) which is an enhanced version of fuzzy logic-based greedy routing protocol (FLGR). Our proposed protocol applies fuzzy logic for the selection of the next greedy forwarder to forward the data reliably towards the destination. Five parameters, namely distance, direction, speed, position, and trust have been used to evaluate the node’s stability using fuzzy logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFGR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimizes the average number of hops among all protocols.

A Bandwidth and Energy Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Enhanced Performance in Ad-hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharadwaj ◽  
Surjeet Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Background & Objective: There are some challenging issues such as providing Quality of Service (QoS), restricted usage of channels and shared bandwidth pertaining to ad-hoc networks in a dynamic topology. Hence, there is a requirement to support QoS for the application environment and multimedia services in ad-hoc networks with the fast growing and emerging development of information technology. Eventually, bandwidth is one of the key elements to be considered. Methods: Energy aware QoS routing protocol in an ad-hoc network is presented in this article. Results and Conclusion: The simulation results indicate that the improved protocol outperforms Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in terms of QoS metric such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, loss rate and average delay.

scholarly journals AODV-UI Proof of Concept on MIPS-based Wireless Router

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
B. Anantasatya Adhi ◽  
Ruki Harwahyu ◽  
Abdusy Syarif ◽  
Harris Simaremare ◽  
R. Fitri Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Wireless Router ◽  
Hardware Configuration ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

AODV routing protocol facilitates changing and simple-to-setup network environment. It helps setting up a network without sufficient infrastructure, such as in disaster area. Development of AODV protocol has gathered a worldwide research interest. However, not many researches implement AODV routing protocol in real mobile nodes and real MANET. In addition, real implementation deals with other works concerning underlying protocol, firmware and hardware configuration, as well as detailed topology both in logical and physical arrangement. This work aims to implements Ad-hoc On-demand Distant Vector – particularly University of Indonesia AODV (AODV-UI) routing protocol on low-end inexpensive generic wireless routers as a proof of concept. AODV-UI is an improved version of AODV routing protocol that implements gateway interconnection and reverse route capability. This routing protocol has been previously successfully tested in NS-2. In this work, current AODV-UI protocol is ported to OpenWRT + MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) little endian architecture then tested on the real networking environment. Underlying media access layer is also altered to provide the protocol greater control over the network. Performance of this implementation is measured in terms of energy consumption, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, protocol reliability and packet delivery ratio.

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