scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Elephants versus Human and Ecological Variables in Western Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Danquah
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Ecological Variables ◽  
Forest Elephants

An elephant survey was conducted in the Bia-Goaso Forest Block in western Ghana during the wet season month of November 2012 to determine the distribution of elephants and assess the human and ecological variables that affect them. One hundred and thirty 1-kilometre transects were systematically distributed in three strata (high, medium, and low density) based on elephant dung pile density recorded in an initial reconnaissance. Elephant activity was concentrated in southern and mid-Bia Conservation Area, the southern tip of Bia North Forest Reserve, and eastern Mpameso Forest Reserve towards the adjoining Bia Shelter belt, indicating a clumped distribution. Secondary forest, water availability, poaching activity, and proximity to roads and settlements explained a high proportion of variance in elephant distribution. Given that the Bia-Goaso Forest Block forms an important biogeographic corridor between Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire, more effort should be directed at mitigating the problems such as poaching activity, vehicular traffic, and impacts of settlements that hinder seasonal movements of forest elephants between western Ghana and eastern Cote d’Ivoire.

scholarly journals A proposal for a transnational forest network area for elephants in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana

Oryx ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc P. E. Parren ◽  
Bertken M. de Leede ◽  
Frans Bongers
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Forest Elephants ◽  
Network Area ◽  
Loxodonta Africana Cyclotis

Forest elephants Loxodonta africana cyclotis in Ghana and eastern Côte d'Ivoire live in small isolated populations and number fewer than 1,000 individuals in total. To ensure the long-term survival of these elephants the present forest reserves need to be linked into a network by forest corridors. The potential of such corridors is demonstrated by the active use by elephants in Ghana of forest ‘shelterbelts’, created in the 1930s. Using information from recent surveys of elephants and vegetation status, and from published information, we propose three possible wildlife corridors in the border region between Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana, establishment of which would lead to a transnational forest network area in the Bia and Bossematié areas. Establishing a forest network for forest elephants would require political will, transnational cooperation among forest and wildlife managers, and participation of the local people.

scholarly journals Ivory Coast without ivory: Massive extinction of African forest elephants in Côte d’Ivoire

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0232993
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Kouakou ◽  
Sery Gonedelé Bi ◽  
Eloi Anderson Bitty ◽  
Célestin Kouakou ◽  
Alphonse Kouassi Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Forest Elephants

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization of urban aerosols from specific combustion sources in West Africa at Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire and Cotonou in Benin in the frame of the DACCIWA program

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 5327-5354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aka Jacques Adon ◽  
Catherine Liousse ◽  
Elhadji Thierno Doumbia ◽  
Armelle Baeza-Squiban ◽  
Hélène Cachier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Combustion Sources

Abstract. Urban air pollution in West Africa has yet to be well characterized. In the frame of DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) program, intensive measurement campaigns were performed in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Cotonou (Benin), in dry (January 2016 and 2017) and wet (July 2015 and 2016) seasons, at different sites chosen to be representative of African urban combustion sources, i.e., domestic fires (ADF), traffic (AT) and waste burning (AWB) sources in Abidjan and traffic source in Cotonou (CT). Both the size distribution of particulate matter (PM) and their chemical composition including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSI) and trace metals were examined. Results show very high PM concentrations at all sites and a well-marked seasonality as well as a strong spatial variation. The average PM2.5 mass concentrations during the wet season are 517.3, 104.1, 90.3, and 69.1 µg m−3 at the ADF, CT, AT, and AWB sites, respectively. In the dry season, PM2.5 concentrations decrease to 375.7 µg m−3 at the ADF site, while they increase to 269.7, 141.3, and 175.3 µg m−3 at the CT, AT, and AWB sites, respectively. The annual PM2.5 levels at almost all sites are significantly higher than the WHO guideline level of 10 µg m−3. As for PM mass, (EC) and (OC) concentrations are also maximal at the ADF site, accounting for up to 69 % of the total PM mass. Such a high content is mainly linked to wood burning for domestic cooking and commercial food smoking activities. Dust contributions are dominant at CT (57 %–80 %), AT (20 %–70 %), and AWB (30 %–69 %) sites and especially in the coarse and fine-particle modes at the CT site and in the coarse fraction at the AT site, which may be explained by the impact of long-range desert-dust transport and resuspended particles from the roads, in addition to anthropogenic sources. The contributions of WSI to the total PM mass, mainly driven by chloride, nitrate, and calcium in the fine and/or large particles, are highly variable according to the sites but remain less than 30 %. Values are generally 1–3 times higher in the wet season than in the dry season. This is due not only to anthropogenic emissions but also to nitrate formation by reaction processes and natural emissions. The concentrations of trace elements reflect well the trends in dust at the traffic and AWB sites, with a predominance of Al, Na, Ca, Fe, and K, keys markers of crustal dust. This study constitutes an original database that characterizes specific African combustion sources.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization of urban aerosols from specific combustion sources in West Africaat Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire and Cotonou in Benin in the frame of DACCIWA program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aka Jacques Adon ◽  
Catherine Liousse ◽  
Elhadji Thierno Doumbia ◽  
Armelle Baeza-Squiban ◽  
Hélène Cachier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Combustion Sources

Abstract. Air pollution in West Africa is far to be well characterized. It was the rationale of the Air Pollution and Health work package in the DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) program. Intensive measurement campaigns were running in two West African capitals (Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire and Cotonou in Benin), to examine size distribution of the particulate matter (PM) concentrations and their chemical composition (Elemental Carbon (EC), Organic Carbon (OC), Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSI) and trace metals). This work aims to characterize PM from different sites in Abidjan, the economic capital of Cote d’Ivoire, typical of Domestic Fire (ADF), Traffic (AT) and Waste Burning (AWB) and Cotonou, the capital of Benin, representative of Traffic (CT). These selected sites, impacted by a large amount of pollution levels, are representative of the main combustion sources prevailing in South West Africa during dry and wet seasons. To address this concern, intensive campaigns in Abidjan and Cotonou have been conducted in July (2015 and 2016) and January (2016 and 2017). Results show a well-marked seasonality, inter-annual and spatial variabilities and the PM levels at the studied areas are generally higher than the WHO guidelines. The average mass concentrations in the wet season were 90.3, 104.1, 69.1 and 517.3 μg m−3 at AT, CT, AWB and ADF sites, respectively. The largest value at ADF site is due to the contribution of smoking and roasting activities. By contrast in the dry season, the concentrations increase to 141.3, 269.7 and 175.3 μg m−3 at AT, CT and AWB site, respectively whereas at ADF site concentration decreases to 375.7 μg m−3. The chemical aerosol mass closure shows that dust contributed for 25–65 % at the both traffic and AWB sites, and 10–30 % at ADF with a clear seasonal cycle. A large variability of POM is observed with contribution range of 37–68 % at ADF, 20–42 % at AT, 10–34 % at AWB and 15–22 % at CT. The contribution of WSI to bulk PM (lower than 20 %) is 2–3 times larger in wet season than dry season, except at ADF site where no season variation is observed. The most dominant species in WSI fraction at ADF are chloride (18–36 % of the total ions), potassium (8–22 %) and calcium (13–25 %), while at the rest of the sites, nitrates (21–36 %), chlorides (6–30 %) and sulfates (9–20 %) are higher. At all sites, the proportion of EC is twice higher in dry season than in wet season. Carbonaceous aerosol (sum of EC and POM) and dust particles are the two major contributors to the different particle fractions with carbonaceous aerosol predominant at Abidjan and dust at Cotonou. The highest carbonaceous aerosol contribution is obtained at ADF (up to 75 % of total PM), while at the other sites its contribution ranges between 18 and 35 %. WSOC levels are higher at the traffic sites during the dry season, while during the wet season they are maximum at ADF and AWB sites. Element trace characterization is also determined, showing predominance of Al, Na and Ca followed by Fe, K and Mg. Our study highlights the contribution of different traffic emissions in two major West African cities in atmospheric aerosol composition but also the one of domestic fire and waste combustion sources. It constitutes an original database to characterize urban air pollution for specific African combustion sources.

scholarly journals Optimisation De La Production De Pepiniere De Tomate Sous Abri A Abidjan Sud De La Côte d’Ivoire

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Ouattara Amidou ◽  
Nganzoua Kouamé Réné ◽  
Adechina Olayossimi
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Controlled Environment Agriculture ◽  
Plant Germination

This study was focused in Abidjan district, located in Laguna region of Côte d’Ivoire. The aim was to determine an innovative method of growing tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) plant nursery that involves creating optimized aerial and root zone environments. This research was carried out during two successive seasons : 2015 wet season (may to august) and 2016 dry season (january to february). The tomato variety was hybrid Lindo. The plant germination, survey characters and plant vigor at each growing season as influenced by the controlled environment agriculture were identified using a completely randomized designs with four replications. The results showed a significant variability in plant germination, height, and growth vigor. Tomato plant nursery as influenced by controlled environment agriculture create optimized aerial and root zone environments, focusing on growth benefits and limited environmental impact.

scholarly journals Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major southern West African cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 6275-6291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Djossou ◽  
Jean-François Léon ◽  
Aristide Barthélemy Akpo ◽  
Cathy Liousse ◽  
Véronique Yoboué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract. Air quality degradation is a major issue in the large conurbations on the shore of the Gulf of Guinea. We present for the first time PM2.5 time series collected in Cotonou, Benin, and Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, from February 2015 to March 2017. Measurements were performed in the vicinity of major combustion aerosol sources: Cotonou/traffic (CT), Abidjan/traffic (AT), Abidjan/landfill (AL) and Abidjan/domestic fires (ADF). We report the weekly PM2.5 mass and carbonaceous content as elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon concentrations. We also measure the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the Ångström exponent in both cities. The average PM2.5 mass concentrations were 32 ± 32, 32 ± 24 and 28 ± 19 µg m−3 at traffic sites CT and AT and landfill site AL, respectively. The domestic fire site shows a concentration of 145 ± 69 µg m−3 due to the contribution of smoking and roasting activities. The highest OC and EC concentrations were also measured at ADF at 71 ± 29 and 15 ± 9 µg m−3, respectively, while the other sites present OC concentration between 8 and 12 µg m−3 and EC concentrations between 2 and 7 µg m−3. The OC ∕ EC ratio is 4.3 at CT and 2.0 at AT. This difference highlights the influence of two-wheel vehicles using gasoline in Cotonou compared to that of four-wheel vehicles using diesel fuel in Abidjan. AOD was rather similar in both cities, with a mean value of 0.58 in Cotonou and of 0.68 in Abidjan. The seasonal cycle is dominated by the large increase in surface mass concentration and AOD during the long dry season (December–February) as expected due to mineral dust advection and biomass burning activities. The lowest concentrations are observed during the short dry season (August–September) due to an increase in surface wind speed leading to a better ventilation. On the other hand, the high PM2.5 ∕ AOD ratio in the short wet season (October–November) indicates the stagnation of local pollution.

scholarly journals Diversité Et Variabilité Du Régime Alimentaire Des Éléphants Du Parc National d’Azagny (Sud - Côte d’Ivoire)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Kouame Djaha ◽  
Gone Bi Zoro Bertin ◽  
Kpangui Kouassi Bruno ◽  
Koffi Bene Jean Claude ◽  
Koffi Kouao Jean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Species List ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Forest Elephants ◽  
One Year ◽  
Albizia Adianthifolia

In Côte d'Ivoire, Azagny National Park has a small forest elephants population, described as isolated, self-contained and whose survival depends on the diversity of local biological resources. A study was undertaken to assess the diversity of the plant species consumed and the feeding preference of this large mammal. Pedestrian surveys were carried out in the different biotopes traveled by the elephants during one year, in search of fresh and old traces of nutrition and droppings. As a result of these inventories, six organs of 282 plant species have been identified has consumed by elephant. In this plant species list, three families are the most represented: the Apocynaceae, the Euphorbiaceae and the Rubiaceae. Among the elephant diet, five species appear to be the most consumed: Aframomum melegueta (1.45%), Aframomum sceptrum (1.45%), Sacoglottis gabonensis (1.27%), Echinochloa pyramidalis (1.2%) and Albizia adianthifolia (1.2%). Considering the number and type of organs harvested from plants, the study reveals that they varied from one species to another well. In general, leaves (256 species 90.8%) and fruits (95 species or 33.7%) have emerged as the most consumed organs of elephants. In view of this diet importance in elephant survival in the park, it would be important to identify the type of species consumed seasonally and to assess their availability in each of the biotopes traveled.

Évaluation de la qualité de vie (QDV) des patients diabétiques de type 2 au CHU de Yopougon, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
A. Yao ◽  
A. Hué ◽  
J. Danho ◽  
P. Koffi-Dago ◽  
M. Sanogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Qualité De Vie ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire
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