scholarly journals Isoflurane Is More Deleterious to Developing Brain Than Desflurane: The Role of the Akt/GSK3βSignaling Pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guorong Tao ◽  
Qingsheng Xue ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Guohui Li ◽  
Yimeng Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Pediatric Anesthesia ◽  
Developmental Neurotoxicity ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Multiple Exposures

Demand is increasing for safer inhalational anesthetics for use in pediatric anesthesia. In this regard, researchers have debated whether isoflurane is more toxic to the developing brain than desflurane. In the present study, we compared the effects of postnatal exposure to isoflurane with those of desflurane on long-term cognitive performance and investigated the role of the Akt/GSK3βsignaling pathway. Postnatal day 6 (P6) mice were exposed to either isoflurane or desflurane, after which the phosphorylation levels of Akt/GSK3βand learning and memory were assessed at P8 or P31. The phosphorylation levels of Akt/GSK3βand learning and memory were examined after intervention with lithium. We found that isoflurane, but not desflurane, impaired spatial learning and memory at P31. Accompanied by behavioral change, only isoflurane decreased p-Akt (ser473) and p-GSK3β(ser9) expressions, which led to GSK3βoveractivation. Lithium prevented GSK3βoveractivation and alleviated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits. These results suggest that isoflurane is more likely to induce developmental neurotoxicity than desflurane in context of multiple exposures and that the Akt/GSK3βsignaling pathway partly participates in this process. GSK3βinhibition might be an effective way to protect against developmental neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals A Long-Term Enriched Environment Ameliorates the Accelerated Age-Related Memory Impairment Induced by Gestational Administration of Lipopolysaccharide: Role of Plastic Mitochondrial Quality Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan-Qiang Zhuang ◽  
Zhe-Zhe Zhang ◽  
Yue-Ming Zhang ◽  
He-Hua Ge ◽  
Shi-Yu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Lps Treatment

Studies have shown that gestational inflammation accelerates age-related memory impairment in mother mice. An enriched environment (EE) can improve age-related memory impairment, whereas mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of brain aging. However, it is unclear whether an EE can counteract the accelerated age-related memory impairment induced by gestational inflammation and whether this process is associated with the disruption of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes. In this study, CD-1 mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg) or normal saline (CON group) during gestational days 15–17 and were separated from their offspring at the end of normal lactation. The mothers that received LPS were divided into LPS group and LPS plus EE (LPS-E) treatment groups based on whether the mice were exposed to an EE until the end of the experiment. At 6 and 18 months of age, the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory abilities. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure the messenber RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of MQC-related genes in the hippocampus, respectively. The results showed that all the aged (18 months old) mice underwent a striking decline in spatial learning and memory performances and decreased mRNA/protein levels related to mitochondrial dynamics (Mfn1/Mfn2, OPA1, and Drp1), biogenesis (PGC-1α), and mitophagy (PINK1/parkin) in the hippocampi compared with the young (6 months old) mice. LPS treatment exacerbated the decline in age-related spatial learning and memory and enhanced the reduction in the mRNA and protein levels of MQC-related genes but increased the levels of PGC-1α in young mice. Exposure to an EE could alleviate the accelerated decline in age-related spatial learning and memory abilities and the accelerated changes in MQC-related mRNA or protein levels resulting from LPS treatment, especially in aged mice. In conclusion, long-term exposure to an EE can counteract the accelerated age-related spatial cognition impairment modulated by MQC in CD-1 mother mice that experience inflammation during pregnancy.

Neutral Sphingomyelinase is an Affective Valence-Dependent Regulator of Learning and Memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov S Kalinichenko ◽  
Laila Abdel-Hafiz ◽  
An-Li Wang ◽  
Christiane Mühle ◽  
Nadine Rösel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Neutral Sphingomyelinase ◽  
Healthy Humans

Abstract Sphingolipids and enzymes of the sphingolipid rheostat determine synaptic appearance and signaling in the brain, but sphingolipid contribution to normal behavioral plasticity is little understood. Here we asked how the sphingolipid rheostat contributes to learning and memory of various dimensions. We investigated the role of these lipids in the mechanisms of two different types of memory, such as appetitively and aversively motivated memory, which are considered to be mediated by different neural mechanisms. We found an association between superior performance in short- and long-term appetitively motivated learning and regionally enhanced neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM) activity. An opposite interaction was observed in an aversively motivated task. A valence-dissociating role of NSM in learning was confirmed in mice with genetically reduced NSM activity. This role may be mediated by the NSM control of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit expression. In a translational approach, we confirmed a positive association of serum NSM activity with long-term appetitively motivated memory in nonhuman primates and in healthy humans. Altogether, these data suggest a new sphingolipid mechanism of de-novo learning and memory, which is based on NSM activity.

The role of the central histaminergic receptors in the exercise-induced improvements of the spatial learning and memory in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 1587 ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Taati ◽  
Mehrnoush Moghaddasi ◽  
Masoumeh Esmaeili ◽  
Soheila Pourkhodadad ◽  
Hassan Nayebzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Exercise Induced

Spatial learning and memory in African mole-rats: The role of sociality and sex

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marna S. Costanzo ◽  
Nigel C. Bennett ◽  
Heike Lutermann
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory

scholarly journals Role of Synaptic Structural Plasticity in Impairments of Spatial Learning and Memory Induced by Developmental Lead Exposure in Wistar Rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e115556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmei Xiao ◽  
Hongjun Fu ◽  
Xiaojie Han ◽  
Xiaoxia Hu ◽  
Huaiyu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory
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