scholarly journals Effect of Hemin on Brain Alterations and Neuroglobin Expression in Water Immersion Restraint Stressed Rats

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merhan Ragy ◽  
Fatma Ali ◽  
Maggie M. Ramzy
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Damage

In the brain, the heme oxygenase (HO) system has been reported to be very active and its modulation seems to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Hemin as HO-1 inducer has been shown to attenuate neuronal injury so the goal of this study was to assess the effect of hemin therapy on the acute stress and how it would modulate neurological outcome. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups: control group and stressed group with six-hour water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) and stressed group, treated with hemin, in which each rat received a single intraperitoneal injection of hemin at a dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight at 12 hours before exposure to WIRS. Stress hormones, oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured and expressions of neuroglobin and S100B mRNA in brain tissue were assayed. Our results revealed that hemin significantly affects brain alterations induced by acute stress and this may be through increased expression of neuroglobin and through antioxidant effect. Hemin decreased blood-brain barrier damage as it significantly decreased the expression of S100B. These results suggest that hemin may be an effective therapy for being neuroprotective against acute stress.

Neurological behaviour of albino rats treated separately and in combination with Cannabis sativa L. and Cannabis indica L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Ashidi ◽  
Irene. E. Emeya ◽  
Folarin O. Owagboriaye ◽  
Roseline T. Feyisola ◽  
Olubukola I. Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Cannabis Indica ◽  
The Brain

There has been an increasing rate of cannabis consumption globally, especially among the youths. This study therefore evaluated the neurological behaviours and some brain marker hormones and enzymes of cannabis administered rats. Twenty six albino rats were divided into four groups based on oral cannabis administration (control, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and the combination of the two). At the end of seven days, open field test was conducted on the rats. Also, brain neuro-chemicals, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were evaluated using spectrophotometry. The results of the Open-Field Test showed an appreciable increase in the level of ambulation (line crossing), grooming, urination and stretched attend posture in the rats administered with Cannabis indica, Cannabis sativa and the combination when compared with the control. Norepinephrine was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the rat groups administered with the combination of Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa. The control group however had the lowest dopamine level. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the rats administered the combination of both Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa. The brain level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was significantly higher in the rats administered with Cannabis indica. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher in the rats administered with Cannabis sativa than the other rat groups. Histopathological evaluation of the brain also revealed various damages in the brain cells of rats administered with cannabis compared to the normal brain structure of the control rats. It is thus said that consumption of C. sativa or C. indica alone produced mild effect on the brain cells and physiology in rats. However, combination of C. sativa and C. indica produced a severe synergistic effect on the neurological function of the exposed rat.

scholarly journals Radioprotective and anti-diabetic effects of Costus speciosus and carnosine

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Ebtisam A. Marzook ◽  
Fawzy A. Marzook ◽  
Ahmed E. Abd El Moneim
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Costus Speciosus ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Purpose: To evaluate the possible radioprotective effect of Costus speciosus and carnosine as natural antioxidants in order to control the  hyperglycemia developed in male albino rats exposed to acute oxidative stress induced by gamma radiation. Methods: Twenty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. The first group was taken as a control group, while the three other groups were exposed to Ɣ irradiation at a single 7.5 Gy dose. Furthermore, the rats in the second and third groups were i.p. injected with Costus speciosus root powder and carnosine, respectively. On the 3rd day, after irradiation, the serum levels of glucose, insulin, C peptide, copper, iron, calcium, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measureded. Results: The results revealed that exposure to Ɣ irradiation induced significant increases in serum glucose, iron, and malondialdehyde. However, the levels of serum calcium, copper, total antioxidant capacity and insulin significantly decreased (p < 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in Cpeptide in the exposed group, compared to control group. All the test parameters indicate improvement after treatment with Costus speciosus and carnosine (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Costus speciosus and carnosine ameliorate the effect of gamma radiation, indicating their role as antidiabetic agents and  radioprotectors; however, Costus speciosus was critically more efficient than carnosine. Keywords: Costus speciosus, Carnosine, Diabetes, Insulin, Gamma radiation protection

scholarly journals Effect of Sleep Deprivation on the Hippocampus of Adult and Senile Male Albino Rat: A Histological and Histochemical Study

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S S I Elkilany ◽  
M M A Zakaria ◽  
R F Tash ◽  
A Y Mostafa ◽  
S W Abdelmalik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background The importance of sleep and the impact of its deprivation on development of brain pathology became a recent subject of interest in medicine. The restorative effect of sleep on the brain and the harmful effects of insomnia have been recently revealed through the discovery of the glymphatic system and its association with sleep. Aim of work Specific objectives are: To detect histological and apoptotic changes in the neurons and dendrites of the cornu Amonis and the dentate gyrus in sleep deprived rats in comparison to rats with undisturbed sleep pattern (control). To detect deposition of neurotoxic metabolites in comu Amonis and dentate gyrus in sleep deprived rats in comparison to controls. Methods Twenty four adult male Albino rats were used in the present experiment. randomly categorized into four equal groups; Group A1 served as the control group, Group .A2 one day sleep deprivation, Group A3 three days sleep deprivation and Group A4 seven days sleep deprivation. They were deprived of sleep using grid over water method where the animals placed over a grid suspended above tank filled with water with free access to food (rat chew) and water. Hippocampai specimens were collected, processed for paraffin blocks and examined by light microscopy. Results there were neurodegenerative signs appeared from day one sleep deprivation, increased by day three and prevailed by day seven. It was confirmed by apoptotic changes detected by caspase 3 immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, deposition of beta amyloid appeared in rats deprived of sleep and confirmed by congo red stain. Conclusion Adequate sleep is essential for integrity of the newly discovered glymphatic system responsible for clearance of the brain from waste products including the area most involved in learning and memory function; the hippocampus. Correction of SD could be a viable therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset or slow the progression of AD. Recommendations Further characterization of the glymphatic system in humans are required, it may lead to new therapies and methods of prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Correction of SD could be a viable therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset or slow the progression of AD.

scholarly journals Swimming Attenuates Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anica Petkovic ◽  
Marko Ravic ◽  
Sasa Plecevic ◽  
Jovana Jeremic ◽  
Ivan Srejovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Positive System ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Hypertension presents one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Structural and mechanical changes of the heart and blood vessels as well as overproduction of reactive oxygen species may occur due to the increased blood pressure. Therewith, the goal of our study was to estimate the effects and duration of swimming as a possible therapy approach on blood pressure and oxidative stress parameters in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The study was conducted on 60 male Wistar albino rats divided into two groups, normotensive and hypertensive rats. Each of these groups was divided into three subgroups according to the swimming protocol. The swimming training was kept constant (60 min/day, for five days a week) with two days of rest. After six or nine weeks of the swimming protocol, blood pressure and oxidative stress markers were measured. The control group rats were put in water for one minute a day, in order to avoid water-induced stress. Training significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats, while diastolic pressure did not change in the group that swam six or nine weeks. The results showed that swimming increases the activity of all measured antioxidative parameters, while values of prooxidants varied depending on the training protocol. Our results confirmed that swimming, as an aerobic exercise, decreases blood pressure and has time-dependent positive system adaptations, especially on the antioxidant parameters.

scholarly journals The protective effect of Zataria Multiflora on the embryotoxicity induced by bisphenol A in the brain of chicken embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4239-4242 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Biochemical Measurements ◽  
Embryotoxic Effects ◽  
The Brain

Bisphenol A (BPA), is one of the main industrial chemicals synthesized for various purposes. In the present study, the brain tissue of chicken embryos was used to evaluate the embryotoxic effects of BPA and also the preventive effects of Zataria multiflora. To that end, fertile eggs were categorized into four groups (n=10). The eggs air sacs of the experimental groups were injected BPA (200 ppm) after four days.. The Zataria multiflora (100 and 200 µg/egg) was administered into chick embryos 6 hours prior to administration of BPA. The control group simply was treated with olive oil. The eggs were incubated at 37°C and a humidity of 63%. After 20 days, the embryos were beheaded and the brains were gathered for biochemical measurements. The findings indicated that Zataria multiflora (200 µg/egg) significantly reversed the increased levels of MDA (p<0.05) and protein (p<0.001) in the brain of BPA-exposed group and also the decreased levels of total antioxidant and GSH as well as the CAT and SOD activities in the brain of BPA-exposed group. Zataria multiflora reversed the toxic effects of BPA on the embryonic development stages of the brain via modulating oxidative stress.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LYCOPENE IN AMELIORATION OF TESTICULAR AND RENAL TOXICITY INDUCED BY BOLDENONE UNDECYLENATE IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar S Ibrahim ◽  
Alshaimaa M Said
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the relative ameliorating efficacy of lycopene against the deleterious effects of boldenone, an androgenic steroid, on the rat testis and kidney.  Materials and Methods: 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups; control group received intramuscular (i.m) injection of olive oil once a week; lycopene (Lc) group received lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily); boldenone (Bol) group received (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week); Bol + Lc group received boldenone (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week) and lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily) all for four weeks. Results: intramuscular injection of boldenone significantly induced lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation as well as inhibited total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activity in testis and kidney tissue. Additionally, up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression after Bol injection along with marked increase in serum inflammatory cytokines and decrease in serum testosterone. These alterations were confirmed by the histopathological examination of testis and kidney. On the other hand, lycopene oral administration attenuated the testicular and renal injuries induced by boldenone injection. Conclusion: administration of antioxidants as lycopene effectively ameliorated the adverse effects of boldenone on testis and kidney tissues. Key words: Boldenone undecylenate, lycopene, DNA fragmentation, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, apoptosis.

scholarly journals Effects of Safranal on Tissue Oxidative Stress in Sub-Chronic Thinner-Addicted Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
M. DÜZ ◽  
A. F. FIDAN
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The present study was carried out to determine the effects of sub-chronic thinner addiction on the oxidant-antioxidant balance and oxidative stress on certain tissues and the possible protective effect of safranal against thinner toxication in rats. Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 animals each as follows: control (C), safranal (S), thinner (T) and thinner+safranal (T+S). The control group received 1cc saline by gastric gavage. Safranal was administered to S and T+S groups by using gastric gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day and volume of 0.1 mL/kg/day. Thinner inhalation was applied to T and T+S groups in a container with NaOH tablets twice a day. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NOx) metabolites, total antioxidant capacity (TAS) and total oxidant capacity (TOS) were determined in liver, lung, brain, kidney and testis tissues of the rats. In the T+S group, it was observed that the MDA levels significantly decreased in all tissues, except the kidney, in comparison to the thinner inhalation group (p = 0.000). When the NOx levels of the T+S group were compared with the levels of the T group, it was concluded that there existed a statistically significant decrease in the NOx levels in alltissues (p = 0.000). In T+S group, it was observed that safranal either eliminated or mitigated oxidative stress that developed in tissues through decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing GSH and TAS levels and caused significant decreases in NOX levels in all tissues. As a result, it was determined that safranal, although not uniform for all tissue types, had a protective potential against the damaging effects of oxidative stress caused by sub-chronic thinner inhalation.

scholarly journals Toxicological Effect of Biodiesel Emission Particles on Cellular System of Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Adeyemi, Olalekan ◽  
Adeyemi, Oyeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Cellular System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
The Brain

Aim: This study investigates toxicological effect of biodiesel smokes on cellular system of albino rats. Study Design: Biodiesel was blended with fuel diesel at 100, 75, 50, and 25% v/v. Rats were exposed to each flame for 120 seconds daily over a period of ten days. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory work was carried out in the Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria. Methodology: Rats were grouped into six each containing six rats designated; Control group (no exposure), FD (exposed to smoke of fuel diesel), 100BD, 75BD, 50BD and 25BD exposed to 100, 75, 50 and 25% blend of biodiesel respectively. Afterwards, rats were sacrificed, liver, lungs and brain was isolated and homogenized. Serum was also separated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), choline esterase (CEST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed for in the selected tissues. Results: ALP activity of liver of rats in Control group was significantly higher (p<.05) relative to rats in other treatment groups. Lungs ACP activity of rats in Control groups was 3 folds that of rats in FD group, 2 folds those of rats in 100BD, 75BD and 25BD groups. CEST activity in brain of rats in Control group was 3 folds that of FD group and two folds that of 50BD and 25BD group of rats. Conversely, serum CEST activity of rats in Control group was significantly lower (p<.05) relative to that of other treatment groups it is about 16% that of FD group in particular. Serum MDA level of Control rats was significantly lower (p<.05) relative to each of the other treatment groups. Conclusion: Biochemical evidence from this study indicated loss of membrane integrity, possible inflammation of cells of the brain, lungs, and liver.

scholarly journals The effect of lead acetate administration to the uterine malondialdehyde level and endometrial thickness in albino rats (Rattus novergicus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita S.E. Diantini ◽  
Setyawati Soeharto ◽  
I W.A. Wiyasa
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Background: Indonesian seawater has been found to contain a high level of lead acetate and tends to become toxic. The previous study suggested lead acetate exposure could be harmful to many organs including the brain, liver, heart, as well as the reproductive system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of lead acetate on both the uterine level of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and endometrial thickness in female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: 1 control group, and 3 treatment groups that were given lead acetate at 30, 100, and 300 ppm p.o./day for 30 days, consecutively. Rats were sacrificed; the uterus was isolated and processed for both MDA level measurements (using TBARS and a spectrophotometer) and histopathology using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results: There was no significant difference in mean MDA level between the control and lead acetate administration groups. There was a reduction in endometrial thickness from 352.6±81.88 µm in the control group to 323.5±90.67 µm; 313.6±40.30 µm; 303.4±62.75 µm in 30, 100, and 300 ppm, respectively. Consequently, spacious uterus was observed reflects the endometrial damage, including the decrease in the size of the epithelium, columnar, stroma, and lumen in the whole part of the uterus and these differences in uterine thickening was considered statistically significant (p=0.005).Conclusion: Lead acetate could reduce the thickness of the endometrium but had no effect on the level of MDA in the uterus.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment at an Early Age Has Effects on the Resistance to Chronic Heat Stress on Broilers

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darae Kang ◽  
JinRyong Park ◽  
KwanSeob Shim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heat Shock Factors ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Shock Proteins

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of early heat conditioning on growth performance, liver-specific enzymes (GOT and GPT), neuro-hormones (dopamine and serotonin), stress hormones (corticosterone), and the expression of HSPs (heat shock proteins), HSFs (heat shock factors), and pro-inflammatory cytokines under chronic high temperature. Broilers were raised with commercial feed and supplied with water ad libitum under conventional temperature. We separated the broilers into three groups: the control without any heat exposure (C), chronic heat-stressed group (CH), and early and chronic heat-stressed group (HH). At 5 days of age, the HH group was exposed to high temperatures (40 °C for 24 h), while the remaining groups were raised at a standard temperature. Between days 6 and 20, all three groups were kept under optimal temperature. From 21 to 35 days, the two heat-stressed groups (CH and HH) were exposed to 35 °C. Groups exposed to high temperature (CH and HH) showed significantly lower body weight and feed intake compared to the control. GOT and GPT were lower expressed in the CH and HH groups than the control group. In addition, the protein expressions of HSPs were down-regulated by chronic heat stress (CH and HH groups). The gene expressions of HSP60 and HSF3 were significantly down-regulated in the CH and HH groups, while HSP70 and HSP27 genes were up-regulated only in the HH group compared with the control group. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes was significantly up-regulated in the HH group compared with the control and CH groups. Thus, exposure of early Heat stress (HS) to broilers may affect the inflammatory response; however, early heat exposure did not have a positive effect on chronic HS of liver enzymes and heat shock protein expression.

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