scholarly journals New Biomedical Technologies and Strategies for Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventura C. T. Mpondo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Sexually transmitted infections remain to be of public health concern in many developing countries. Their control is important, considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and sequelae, and their socioeconomic impact. This article discusses the new biomedical technologies and strategies for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

scholarly journals American visceral leishmaniasis in a state of northeastern Brazil: clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. S. Ferreira ◽  
K. M. Silva ◽  
M. S. G. de Almeida ◽  
D. C. S. Gomes ◽  
M. G. S. Cavalcanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Laboratory Variables ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract In Brazil, American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) has become a public health concern due to its high incidence and lethality. This study aimed to analyze the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory aspects of AVL in a state of Brazil. This descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, and quantitative study of notified cases of AVL was carried out in Alagoas between 2008 and 2017 from data obtained from DATASUS/SINAN. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were analyzed. A descriptive analysis was performed using absolute values and valid percentages, using tables and/or graphs. Data processing was performed using Stata 12.0®. Results with P <0.05 were considered statistically significant. During the study period, 352 cases of AVL were reported, of which 6.82% died and 38.92% had met a cure criterion. Male patients were predominant (66.76%). Of the total infected patients, 16.76% had attended only the 1st to the 4th grades, with those most affected aged 1 to 4 years (28.69%). Laboratory diagnostic criteria were most commonly used to confirm the notified cases (76.42%), whereas 51.70% and 8.52% of the cases had positive parasitological and immunofluorescence diagnoses, respectively. Finally, the study showed a higher prevalence of the disease in children, men and in rural residents. Although with low lethality, the expressive frequency of AVL in the State of Alagoas was still verified, since there was an increase in the number of cases during the years of the study.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN CLASSICAL AND MOLECULAR METHODS IN DIAGNOSIS OF LEISHMANIA SPECIES IN IRAQ

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e69-e76
Author(s):  
Magda A. Ali ◽  
Ali Khamesipour ◽  
Abdulsadah A. Rahi ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Amir Ahmad Akhavan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Skin Samples

Background and Objective Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains a serious public health concern in some parts of Iraq. The aims of this study to diagnose the Leishmania sp. causative agent of CL in some parts of Iraq, by different parasitological, cultural, and molecular methods. It was carried during the period  October  2014 to  February 2015. Materials and Methods One hundred-sixty one of skin samples were examined by direct Giemsa-smeared, culture on NNN medium and Nested – PCR methods in different age groups. Results The results of our study showed that  110 (68.3%) gave positives by Giemsa-smeared, 104 (64.6%) by culture and 67 (100%) by Nested – PCR. Our results appeared that there was slight gender predilection ; CL cases were more frequent in males (62.1%) than females (37.9%). Also, the type of infection showed that disease was in wet type 133(82.6%) more than in dry type 28 (17.4%). It was found that 98 (60.9%) of CL cases were in contact with rodents while  63(39.1%) of cases were not.      Conclusions CL disease is endemic in many parts of Iraq with high incidence and expanding to new foci that is considered a public health threat which needs special attention. Women appeared to be better equipped than men to contain the infection and its clinical consequences, but the sex factor tended to lessen at higher levels of exposure.

Genitourinary medicine

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Diagnostic Technology ◽  
Genitourinary Medicine ◽  
The Uk

In the UK, the continued rise in sexually transmitted infections remains a key public health concern. Since the advent of HIV infection, many genitourinary medicine specialists have also undertaken the management of HIV and AIDS, and there has been a move towards closer links or integration with contraception/family planning under the umbrella of sexual health, creating a continually shifting and developing field. Advances in diagnostic technology, such as the recent nucleic acid amplification tests for gonorrhoea, continue to make this specialty as fascinating and satisfying as ever, combining the science of medicine with the art of clinical practice. This chapter covers some of these recent advances, focusing on the key clinical evidence currently shaping this specialty.

Two cases of multidrug-resistant genitourinary Mycoplasma genitalium infection successfully eradicated with minocycline

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M Glaser ◽  
William M Geisler ◽  
Amy E Ratliff ◽  
Li Xiao ◽  
Ken B Waites ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Nongonococcal Urethritis ◽  
Extended Course

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection is a sexually transmitted infection that causes up to 25% of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). MG strains carrying genetic markers of antimicrobial resistance that may affect treatment outcomes are increasingly recognized as a public health concern. We present two cases of persistent MG NGU with strains carrying both macrolide and quinolone resistance-associated mutations that were eradicated successfully by an extended course of minocycline.

scholarly journals Substance use disorders and sexually transmitted infections: a public health perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Murali ◽  
Sabitha Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Tertiary Prevention ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
List Type ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

SummaryIt has long been recognised that substance use disorders and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common comorbid conditions. It is clear that treating one condition while leaving the other leads to increased morbidity and mortality in this patient population. However, engaging patients in treatment is extremely challenging, which is a huge public health concern. This article focuses on various sexually transmitted infections seen in the substance misuse population and means of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.Declaration of interestNone.Learning objectives•Be aware of the current extent of comorbidity between substance use disorders and STIs•Learn about primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of STIs in people with substance use disorders•Understand the links between high-risk sexual behaviour and illicit drug use, as shown by current evidence

Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Evans ◽  
Charlotte Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
Fat Bodies

Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.

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