scholarly journals Effect of Insecticide Seed Treatment on Safening Rice from Reduced Rates of Glyphosate and Imazethapyr

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Miller ◽  
R. C. Scott ◽  
G. Lorenz ◽  
J. Hardke ◽  
J. K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Significant Yield

Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effect of insecticide seed treatments on exposure of young conventional rice to reduced rates of glyphosate and imazethapyr. During the two-year study, “Roy J” rice seed was treated with CruiserMaxx® Rice, thiamethoxam plus fungicide, or a fungicide-only treatment. Subsequently, glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax®) at 39.42, 78.76, or 157.54 g ae/ha or imazethapyr (Newpath®) at 4.39, 8.74, or 17.49 g ai/ha was applied at the 2- to 3-leaf growth stage of rice. Results in 2013 indicated that rice plants from seed treated with CruiserMaxx Rice exhibited significantly less injury 1, 3, and 6 weeks after either imazethapyr or glyphosate was applied in comparison to the plants having fungicide-only treated seed. The addition of an insecticide seed treatment also resulted in higher yields when both herbicides were applied compared to the fungicide-only seed treatment receiving the same herbicide treatments. In 2014, an overall decrease in injury from both herbicides was observed when rice seed was treated with CruiserMaxx Rice compared to receiving a fungicide-only seed treatment. Significant yield loss from low rates of glyphosate or imazethapyr was not observed in 2014, with or without a seed treatment. Based on the positive effects observed from the CruiserMaxx Rice seed treatment in reducing injury and maintaining rice yields, the insecticide seed treatment appears to provide some safening to rice against low rates of glyphosate and imazethapyr.

scholarly journals Insecticide Seed Treatments Partially Safen Rice to Low Rates of Glyphosate and Imazethapyr

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Steven M. Martin ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Jarrod Hardke ◽  
Gus M. Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Multiple Field

AbstractEach year there are multiple reports of drift occurrences, and the majority of drift complaints in rice are from imazethapyr or glyphosate. In 2014 and 2015, multiple field experiments were conducted near Stuttgart, AR, and near Lonoke, AR, to evaluate whether insecticide seed treatments would reduce injury from glyphosate or imazethapyr drift or decrease the recovery time following exposure to a low rate of these herbicides. Study I was referred to as the “seed treatment study,” and Study II was the “drift timing study.” In the seed treatment study the conventional rice cultivar ‘Roy J’ was planted, and herbicide treatments included imazethapyr at 10.5 g ai ha–1, glyphosate at 126 g ae ha–1, or no herbicide. Each plot had either a seed treatment of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, chlorantraniliprole, or no insecticide seed treatment. The herbicides were applied at the two- to three-leaf growth stage. Crop injury was assessed 1, 3, and 5 wk after application. Averaged over site-years, thiamethoxam-treated rice had less injury than rice with no insecticide seed treatment at each rating, along with an increased yield. Clothianidin-treated rice had an increased yield over no insecticide seed treatment, but the reduction in injury for both herbicides was less pronounced than in the thiamethoxam-treated plots. Overall, chlorantraniliprole was generally the least effective of the three insecticides in reducing injury from either herbicide and in protecting rice yield potential. A second experiment conducted at Stuttgart, AR, was meant to determine whether damage to rice from glyphosate and imazethapyr was influenced by the timing (15, 30, and 45 d after planting) of exposure to herbicides for thiamethoxam-treated and nontreated rice. There was an overall reduction in injury with the use of thiamethoxam, but the reduction in injury was not dependent on the timing of the drift event. Reduction in damage from physical drift of glyphosate and imazethapyr as well as increased yields over the absence of an insecticide seed treatment appear to be an added benefit.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Hale ◽  
Taghi Bararpour ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
John Seale ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Glyphosate Drift ◽  
Herbicide Drift

A field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the sensitivity and recovery of grain sorghum to the simulated drift of glufosinate, glyphosate, and paraquat at two application timings (V6 and flag leaf growth stage). Paraquat drift caused maximum injury to sorghum plants in both years, whereas the lowest injury was caused by glyphosate in 2017. Averaged over all herbicide treatments, injury to grain sorghum from the simulated herbicide drift was 5% greater when herbicides were applied at flag leaf stage, as compared to herbicide applications at the six-leaf stage in 2017. In 2018, injury from glyphosate drift was higher when applied at the six-leaf stage than at the flag leaf stage. Paraquat and glufosinate drift caused more injury when applied at flag leaf stage than at six-leaf stage at 14 days after application in 2018. About 21% to 29% of injury from the simulated drift of paraquat led to a 31% reduction in grain sorghum yield, as compared to a nontreated check in 2017. The simulated drift of glyphosate and glufosinate did not result in any significant yield reduction compared to the nontreated check in 2017, possibly due to the recovery of sorghum plants after herbicides’ drift application.

Use of Infrared Thermometry in Determining Critical Stress Periods Induced by Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Jack Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Field experiments were conducted during 1981 and 1982 in Ontario, Canada, on the effects of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. # AGRRE] interference in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and the usefulness of infrared thermometry in predicting critical periods of weed interference. Soybean seed yield, dry weight, number of leaves, height, and number of pods were substantially reduced due to quackgrass interference. High levels of P and K fertility did not overcome the quackgrass interference. Part of the competitive effects of quackgrass was alleviated by irrigation. Infrared thermometry successfully detected the first occurrence of quackgrass-induced stress during the early soybean flowering stage, when the quackgrass was in the four-leaf gtowth stage. This coincided with the onset of the first significant soybean yield loss. No additional soybean yield loss occurred after quackgrass reached the five-leaf growth stage. There was an inverse relation between accumulated stress degree days and soybean yield reductions due to quackgrass interference. The use of the stress degree day concept may be a valuable tool in predicting soybean yield losses due to quackgrass interference.

Safening Influence of LAB 145 138 on Nicosulfuron, Terbufos and Bentazon Interactions in Sweet Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren K. Robinson ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
James D. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Previously Treated

LAB 145 138 (LAB) was evaluated as a safener to improve sweet corn tolerance to nicosulfuron applied POST alone or with terbufos applied in the planting furrow or bentazon applied POST. To ensure enhanced injury for experimental purposes, nicosulfuron was applied at twice the registered rate alone or mixed with bentazon at the six- to seven-leaf growth stage of corn previously treated with the highest labeled rate of terbufos 15 G formulation. LAB applied as a seed treatment (ST) or POST at the two- to three-, four- to five-, or six- to seven-leaf growth stages reduced height reduction and yield loss from nicosulfuron applied POST in combination with terbufos applied in-furrow. LAB applied POST at the four- to five-leaf growth stage was most effective in preventing injury from this treatment, with yield reduced only 8% compared with 54% from the nicosulfuron and terbufos treatment. LAB applied POST at the eight- to nine-leaf growth stage did not alleviate injury. With the nicosulfuron, terbufos, and bentazon combination, LAB applied POST at the three- to four- or six- to seven-leaf growth stages decreased height reduction and yield loss caused by this combination, with LAB at the three- to four-leaf growth stage being most effective.

Ethametsulfuron Interactions with Grass Herbicides on Canola (Brassica napus, B. rapa)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Ken J. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Injury Potential

Field experiments were conducted from 1986 to 1988 at Lacombe and Lethbridge, Alberta and Scott, Saskatchewan to determine growth and yield response of canola to mixtures of ethametsulfuron with specific grass herbicides. Ethametsulfuron did not usually cause canola injury when mixed with sethoxydim. However, ethametsulfuron mixtures with the following grass herbicides listed in decreasing order of injury potential, often caused canola injury and yield loss: haloxyfop > fluazifop > fluazifop-P > quizalofop > quizalofop-P. Canola yield losses were severe in some experiments, ranging from 59% with quizalofop mixtures to 97% with haloxyfop mixtures; in other experiments, the same mixtures did not cause significant yield losses. ‘Tobin,’ aBrassica rapacultivar, tended to be more susceptible to injury than theB. napuscultivars ‘Pivot’ and ‘Westar.’ Canola injury symptoms were consistent with those expected from sulfonylurea herbicides. Therefore, we suggest that specific grass herbicides differentially impair the ability of canola to metabolize ethametsulfuron to inactive forms.

Preemergence Herbicide and Glyphosate Effects on Seedling Diseases in Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Pankey ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Patrick D. Colyer ◽  
Raymond W. Schneider ◽  
Donnie K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Seedling Diseases

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of preemergence (PRE) herbicides metolachlor at 1,700 g ai/ha, pyrithiobac at 70 g ai/ha, or pendimethalin at 840 g ai/ha applied alone or with fluometuron at 1,300 g ai/ha and glyphosate postemergence (POST) at 840 g ai/ha on seedling diseases in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Hypocotyl disease severity both years averaged across PRE herbicide treatments was greater after glyphosate application to four-leaf cotton than cotyledon cotton. The PRE herbicide treatments, particularly those including fluometuron, increased root and hypocotyl disease ratings compared with a nontreated control, and a sequential application of glyphosate did not further increase disease severity. Greenhouse experiments using soil infested withRhizoctonia solaniconfirmed findings from the field study showing that PRE herbicides can predispose cotton to greater seedling disease injury with no increased seedling disease severity associated with application of glyphosate. In the field study, glyphosate applied at cotyledon or four-leaf growth stages decreased disease severity on cotton hypocotyls both years. This inhibitory effect of glyphosate was less evident in the greenhouse study and may have been related to species of fungi present, infestation level, and differences in environmental conditions when compared with the field.

Control of Pleiochaeta setosa diseases of lupin using seed and fertiliser applied fungicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Loughman ◽  
MW Sweetingham
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Control of Pleiochaeta setosa diseases of lupins was compared in 8 field experiments using Rovral (iprodione) and Sumisclex (procymidone) as either seed dressing or fertiliser-applied treatments. Seed-dressing application was more effective than fertiliser application for control of brown spot. Rovral and Sumisclex provided very similar control of brown spot in most comparisons, but Sumisclex occasionally provided significantly better control. Pleiochaeta root rot was controlled by Rovral seed treatment at 1 location and by all Rovral and Sumisclex treatments at a second location. When used at 1 location, Armour (flutriafol) on superphosphate provided significant control of brown spot but not pleiochaeta root rot. Fungicide seed treatment did not reduce Phomopsis leptostromiformis stem lesioning. Significant yield improvement following fungicidal control of P. setosa occurred in 4 experiments.

Tolerance of Processing Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Varieties to Halosulfuron-methyl

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohseni-Moghadam ◽  
Douglas Doohan
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Development Center

Field experiments were conducted at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, OH in 2002 and 2004 to evaluate the tolerance of tomato varieties to halosulfuron-methyl, a selective herbicide used for POST control of broadleaf weeds and nutsedge (Cyperus). POST herbicide treatments included halosulfuron-methyl at 0, 34.7 and 70 gaiha−1. Plots were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 wk after treatment (WAT), and yield was recorded at the end of the season. Minimal crop injury was observed 1 and 3 WAT in plots treated with both halosulfuron-methyl rates only in 2002. Although the crop recovered from herbicide injury when treated with the lower rate at 6 WAT, ‘Ohio 8245’, ‘M82’, and ‘E6203’ showed injury at this interval when treated with halosulfuron-methyl at 70 g ha−1. No injury was observed with either rates in 2004. No significant yield reduction was observed in any of the varieties in the test plots. These results indicate that differential tolerance to halosulfuron-methyl does not exists among these tomato varieties with the exception of E6203 and M82.

The Influence of Fluometuron and MSMA on Cotton Yield and Fruiting Characteristics

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Snipes ◽  
J. D. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field experiments conducted from 1987 through 1991 at the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS, determined the effect of postemergence topical applications of fluometuron and MSMA on cotton yield and fruiting. Herbicide treatments applied to cotton in the cotyledon to 1-leaf growth stage were 1.12 kg ai ha-1fluometuron plus 0.25% by vol nonionic surfactant, 2.2 kg ai ha-1MSMA, and a combination of 1.12 kg ha-1fluometuron and 2.24 kg ha-1MSMA. The commercial formulation of MSMA contained nonionic surfactant. Visual injury of cotton 14 d after treatment ranged from 14 to 28% for fluometuron, 9 to 26% for MSMA, and 22 to 34% for the combination. Seed cotton yield at the first harvest was reduced by all herbicide treatments except in 1987 and for DES 119 cotton in 1990. In 1990, yield of DES 119 cotton treated with MSMA and the combination was less than the untreated control for the second harvest interval. Cotton yield from herbicide treatments at later harvests was equal to or greater than the untreated control. Only in 1988 did all treatments reduce total seed cotton yield below the untreated control. Fiber quality was not adversely affected by the herbicides. Compared to the control, plant mapping indicated that the number of sympodial branches per plant was reduced by MSMA and by the combination for DPL 50 cotton in 1990. Averaged over 4 experiment years, herbicide treatments did not reduce total bolls per plant; percentage of bolls in first, second, or outer positions; highest sympodium with two bolls; or number of sympodium with bolls in the first or second position. However, MSMA and the combination increased node number of the first sympodia by one and 1.5 positions, respectively, when compared to the control, indicating delayed maturity.

Genetic and Seed Treatment Effects in Organic Peanut

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Cantonwine ◽  
C.C. Holbrook ◽  
A.K. Culbreath ◽  
R.S. Tubbs ◽  
M.A. Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Low Incidence

ABSTRACT Stand establishment has been a challenge for organic peanut production in the Southeastern United States. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 in research plots certified for organic production to evaluate the potential of genotype selection, shelling procedure, and seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis to improve stand establishment and seedling emergence rates, reduce incidence of Aspergillus crown rot, and increase seedling biomass. Seed of 15 peanut genotypes were mechanically shelled or hand-shelled, and treated with B. subtilis or untreated prior to planting in early June. Percent stand was estimated for each plot 17–21 days after planting (DAP), and percent seedlings affected by Aspergillus crown rot and plant biomass were estimated 21–24 DAP. Seed treatment significantly affected stand establishment for three genotypes each year, Georgia-01R both years, C-99R and Tifguard in 2007, and C34-24-69 and C724-19-25 in 2009. In all of these cases, the hand-shelled plots had significantly greater stands than the mechanically shelled plots for untreated and/or B. subtilis treated seed. B. subtilis treatment improved stands for two of the mechanically shelled treatments that significantly responded to hand shelling. Despite low incidence, there was a significant reduction of crown rot in the hand-shelled plots compared to the mechanically shelled plots across years and genotypes. The cultivar Georganic, which has been planted to organic peanut systems in Georgia in recent years, was among the genotypes with the lowest seedling establishment rates and biomass. Based on these results, it is recommended that sorting thresholds for damaged seed be higher for seed destined for organic production, and that breeding efforts that include assessments of factors involved in seedling establishment and growth be prioritized.

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