scholarly journals Software-Assisted Depth Analysis of Optic Nerve Stereoscopic Images in Telemedicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tian Xia ◽  
Shriji N. Patel ◽  
Ben C. Szirth ◽  
Anton M. Kolomeyer ◽  
Albert S. Khouri
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cup To Disc Ratio

Background. Software guided optic nerve assessment can assist in process automation and reduce interobserver disagreement. We tested depth analysis software (DAS) in assessing optic nerve cup-to-disc ratio (VCD) from stereoscopic optic nerve images (SONI) of normal eyes.Methods. In a prospective study, simultaneous SONI from normal subjects were collected during telemedicine screenings using a Kowa 3Wx nonmydriatic simultaneous stereoscopic retinal camera (Tokyo, Japan). VCD was determined from SONI pairs and proprietary pixel DAS (Kowa Inc., Tokyo, Japan) after disc and cup contour line placement. A nonstereoscopic VCD was determined using the right channel of a stereo pair. Mean, standard deviation,t-test, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCC) were calculated.Results. 32 patients had mean age of40±14years. Mean VCD on SONI was0.36±0.09, with DAS0.38±0.08, and with nonstereoscopic0.29±0.12. The difference between stereoscopic and DAS assisted was not significant (p=0.45). ICCC showed agreement between stereoscopic and software VCD assessment. Mean VCD difference was significant between nonstereoscopic and stereoscopic (p<0.05) and nonstereoscopic and DAS (p<0.005) recordings.Conclusions. DAS successfully assessed SONI and showed a high degree of correlation to physician-determined stereoscopic VCD.

An Electrotherapy Based on the Natural Sequence of Motor Unit Action Potentials: A Laboratory Trial

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Kidd ◽  
JA Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

An electrotherapy based on a computer analysis of results obtained by analytical electromyography has been put to laboratory trial. Twenty-seven normal subjects received comparative regimes of electrotherapy each of which occupied three continuous hours each day for seven weeks. A comparison of the effectiveness on increasing fatigue resistance to voluntary effort of the first dorsal interosseus in the right, dominant hand was made. All electrotherapies employed had a mean frequency of stimulation of approximately 10Hz. The difference between them was found in the changes of pattern of stimulation which was exactly based on the changing patterns of discharge of slow motor units in normal muscle as it was progressively fatigued. The ability of the electrotherapies to induce fatigue resistance of the muscle was directly related to the extent of fatigue of the motor unit from which the pattern of discharge, which formed the basis of the technique, had been extracted. Electrotherapies with patterns randomized from naturally occurring patterns are shown to be without effect on increasing the fatigue resistance of normal muscle. The significance of the results from the points of view of rehabilitation and of signal analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals Vestibular evoked myogenic potential

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Lemajic-Komazec ◽  
Zoran Komazec ◽  
Ljiljana Vlaski ◽  
Slobodan Savovic ◽  
Maja Buljcik-Cupic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tone Burst ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Myogenic Potential ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Interaural Differences ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are neurophysiological method for examining of saccular function, the bottom of the vestibular nerve that in nervates the sacculus and central vestibular pathways. Those are inhibitory potentials of the sternocleido mastoid musclein response to ipsilateral acoustic stimulation of the sacculus. Parameters of vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing include threshold, latencies of p1 and n1 wave and interamplitude p13-n23, interaural difference of p13 and n23 latency and interaural amplitude difference ratio. The aim of this study was to compire parameters standardization of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials responses, latency p13 and n23 of waves, the amplitude of responses and interaural differences in the amplitude andto determinewhether there is a difference in values between the sexes. Material and methods. This research was meant to be a prospective study which included 30 normal audiovestibular volunteers of both sexes. The group consisted of 53.3% women and 46.7% men. The saccular function testing by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials was performed monoaurally using air-conductive 500 Hz tone burst auditory stimulation. Results. The average value of the p13 wave latency in healthy subjects of this study was 15.18 ms (?1.24) while the mean latency of n23 waves in the same subjects was 25.00 ms (?2.23). The average value of the amplitude of the p13-n23 waves was 80.28 (34. ?04) microvolts. Conclusion. The difference in the values of the basic parameters of vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses between men and women does not exist. No differences between the right and the left ear in the values of latency and amplitude were observed.

Investigation of mammary blood flow changes by transrectal colour Doppler sonography in anEscherichia colimastitis model

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Potapow ◽  
Carola Sauter-Louis ◽  
Sandra Schmauder ◽  
Jutta Friker ◽  
Cordula Poulsen Nautrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Colour Doppler Sonography ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The objectives of this preliminary investigation were to evaluate the feasibility of transrectal colour Doppler sonography (TCDS) for determining blood flow of the pudendoepigastric trunk in cows with experimentally inducedEscherichia coliMastitis. Five primiparous Holstein dairy cows, 4–6 months after calving, were examined in two trials. All monitored udder quarters were initially clinically healthy, somatic cell count (SCC) was <50 000 cells/ml and bacteriologically negative. The blood flow of the left and the right pudendoepigastric trunk was described by the blood flow volume (BFV). In the methodological part of the study, the intra-observer precision of the method was evaluated. The coefficients of variation of the BFV were 7·1% for the left and 9·4% for the right pudendoepigastric trunk. The intraclass correlation coefficients of the BFV were 0·99 (P<0·001) for the left and 0·75 (P=0·004) for the right vessel. BFV did not differ significantly between the left and the right side nor between pre- and post-milking nor between oestrus and dioestrus. In the experimental part of the study, significant differences of increasing BFV between 0 and 12 h p.i. (post infectionem) (P=0·043) and decreasing BFV between 12 and 24 h p.i. (P=0·043) were discovered for the pudendoepigastric trunk of the infected right side. In the left-right (control-infection) comparison a significant increase of the right BFV was observed at 12 h p.i. (P=0·043). The difference of an increasing SCC correlated positively with the difference of an increasing BFV between 0 and 12 h p.i. (Spearman's ρ=1·00;P=0·043) for the right infected side. It was shown that TCDS is a reproducible technique for investigating pathological mammary blood flow changes at an early stage of acute mastitis.

scholarly journals A Novel Nested Configuration Based on the Difference and Sum Co-Array Concept

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhong Chen ◽  
Yingtao Ding ◽  
Shiwei Ren ◽  
Zhiming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Array Signal Processing ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Difference Set ◽  
Uniform Linear Array ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Coprime Array ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sensor Locations

Recently, the concept of the difference and sum co-array (DSCa) has attracted much attention in array signal processing due to its high degree of freedom (DOF). In this paper, the DSCa of the nested array (NA) is analyzed and then an improved nested configuration known as the diff-sum nested array (DsNA) is proposed. We find and prove that the sum set for the NA contains all the elements in the difference set. Thus, there exists the dual characteristic between the two sets, i.e., for the difference result between any two sensor locations of the NA, one equivalent non-negative/non-positive sum result of two other sensor locations can always be found. In order to reduce the redundancy for further DOF enhancement, we develop a new DsNA configuration by moving nearly half the dense sensors of the NA to the right side of the sparse uniform linear array (ULA) part. These moved sensors together with the original sparse ULA form an extended sparse ULA. For analysis, we provide the closed form expressions of the DsNA locations as well as the DOF. Compared with some novel sparse arrays with large aperture such as the NA, coprime array and augmented nested array, the DsNA can achieve a higher number of DOF. The effectiveness of the proposed array is proved by the simulations.

scholarly journals Inter- and Intra-individual Variations in Foveal Outer Nuclear Layer Thickness and Their Associations with Clinical Characteristics in a Healthy Chinese Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jia Yu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Chunhui Jiang ◽  
Qing Chang ◽  
Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Actual Degree ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To evaluate foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and the difference thereof between bilateral eyes and their possible associations with clinical characteristics in a healthy Chinese population. Materials and Methods. Normal subjects were enrolled. Generalized linear models were used to assess the associations of foveal ONL thickness with sex, age, and spherical equivalents (SEs) and the associations of the difference in foveal ONL thickness between bilateral eyes with sex, age, and difference in SEs between bilateral eyes. Results. Totally, 304 subjects were included. The average foveal ONL thickness was 103.19 ± 14.25 (range 70–151) μm in the right eye and 103.90 ± 14.63 (range 69–155) μm in the left eye. The mean difference in foveal ONL thickness between right and left eyes was −0.71 ± 4.36 (range −13 to +12) μm. Men had slightly greater foveal ONL thickness values in both right and left eyes compared with women (both P<0.05); however, some women had a thicker foveal ONL than that of men (85/198 vs. 46/106 in the right eye; 79/198 vs. 52/106in the left eye). Age and SEs were not associated with foveal ONL thickness in either eye (all P>0.05). Sex, age, and difference in SEs between bilateral eyes were not associated with the difference in foveal ONL thickness between bilateral eyes (all P>0.05). Conclusions. Foveal ONL thickness showed wide variation in a normal Chinese population but little difference between bilateral eyes. Both these parameters could not be adjusted by sex, age, SEs, or the SEs difference between bilateral eyes. Thus, in those diseases involving only one eye, the difference or ratio of foveal ONL thickness between the affected eye and normal fellow eye may reflect the actual degree of the disease, rather than the foveal ONL thickness in the affected eye alone.

scholarly journals Appropriate Cutoff for 25OHD Levels in the Diagnosis of Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT): A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A254-A255
Author(s):  
Niharika Yedla ◽  
Xiangbing David Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Introduction: The Fourth International Workshop in 2014 delineated guidelines for the diagnosis of NPHPT which include ruling out secondary causes of hyperparathyroidism, and recommended cutoffs for 25 vitamin D (25OHD) to be ≥20ng/mL. Keeping in mind that the exact levels to optimize 25OHD in hyperparathyroid states are unknown, we aim to review possible variation in the prevalence of NPHPT if 25OHD cutoffs were to be raised to rule out vitamin D deficiency with more specificity. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted with key words “normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism” to review studies about NPHPT and 25OHD status. 533 articles were found, and 127 articles were identified by title/abstract screening with year of publication between 2014 to 2020. Ten studies were identified for the systematic review based on full text review for relevance. Results: Studies have been conducted in various countries across all continents to characterize NPHPT further. 5/10 studies used 25OHD cutoff of ≥20ng/mL and 4 studies had a cutoff of ≥30ng/mL and 1 study looked into the difference in prevalence with both cutoffs. All 3 studies from Italy used the higher cutoff. Rosario et al from Brazil reported a decrease in prevalence of NPHPT from 6.8% (25OHD≥20ng/mL) to 0.74% by supplementing those subjects to 25OHD ≥30ng/mL without any increase in serum calcium or parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.1 Wang et al found that when total 25OHD levels were kept between 30–40 ng/mL, free 25OHD levels were actually lower compared to normal subjects.2 Conclusion: The levels of 25OHD that would define deficiency in NPHPT remain undetermined and both &gt;20 ng/mL and &gt;30ng/mL have been studied as cutoffs. It is well known that vitamin D insufficiency (25D 20-30ng/mL) drives up PTH and supplementation to 30-40ng/mL is required to reduce such effects. Wang et al suggest that free 25OHD levels correlate better with PTH as compared to total 25OHD and maybe a more reliable marker of 25OHD status. We suggest that a diagnostic criterion of ≥30ng/mL would be more appropriate in ruling out 25OHD deficiency in this special population. The role of free 25OHD levels in PHPT needs further evaluation. References: 1. Rosário PW, Calsolari MR. Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Adults Without a History of Nephrolithiasis or Fractures: A Prospective Study. Horm Metab Res. 2019 Apr;51(4):243–247. doi: 10.1055/a-0859-1020. Epub 2019 Mar 6. PMID: 30840998. 2. Wang X, Meng L, Su C, Shapses SA. LOW FREE (BUT NOT TOTAL) 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D LEVELS IN SUBJECTS WITH NORMOCALCEMIC HYPERPARATHYROIDISM. Endocr Pract. 2020 Feb;26(2):174–178. doi: 10.4158/EP-2019-0325. Epub 2019 Sep 26. PMID: 31557077

scholarly journals Dermatoglyphics of the Digits and Inter-digit Areas in Down Syndrome Patients of a Sampled Nigeria Population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Loveday Ese Oghenemavwe ◽  
Doris Ada Uche
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Ulnar Loop ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flexion Crease ◽  
The Right

This study was carried out to determine the possible differences between the dermatoglyphic characteristics of the digit and inter-digit areas of Down Syndrome (DS) patients and healthy Nigerians. The dermatoglyphic prints of the digit and inter-digit areas were obtained by using the improvise digital method. Parameters evaluated were the digit patterns, inter-digit patterns and single flexion crease of the fifth digit. Comparison of dermal patterns in DS patients and normal ones was done using Chi-square test at a significant level of P = .05. The result of the digit patterns showed that the total mean percentage frequency for arch, radial loop, ulnar loop and whorl were 5.28%, 0.34%, 75.94% and 18.45% in DS patients and 9.55%, 1.11%, 60.11% and 29.22% in normal subjects respectively. The distribution of dermal ridge differ significantly in digits I, II and III of the right hand and digits II and III of the left hand in patients and normal subjects at P = .05 level. Down syndrome patients had more of open fields in all the inter-digit areas except in inter-digit C. The difference in patterns between DS patients and normal subjects was significant in inter-digit C and D of the left hand only. One normal subject had single flexion crease compared to four in Down syndrome patients. The findings of the study could be used as supplementary diagnostic aid for Down syndrome.

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