scholarly journals Mycoplasma genitalium: An Emerging Sexually Transmitted Infection

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessian L. Munoz ◽  
Oluwatosin Jaiyeoba Goje
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
First Line ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Slow Growing

Mycoplasma genitaliumhas been recognized as a cause of male urethritis, and there is now evidence suggesting that it causes cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women.M. genitaliumis a slow growing organism, and, with the advent of nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), more studies are being performed, and knowledge about the pathogenicity of this organism elucidated. With NAAT detection, treatment modalities have been studied, and the next challenge is to determine the most effective antimicrobial therapy. Doxycycline, the first-line antibiotic for urethritis, is largely ineffective in the treatment ofM. genitaliumand furthermore, resistance to macrolide has also emerged. The most effective drug is Moxifloxacin although there are emerging reports of resistance to it in various parts of the world. This paper not only highlights the current research and knowledge, but also reviews the diversity of health implications on the health of men and women infected withM. genitalium. Alternate antibiotics and the impact ofM. genitaliumon infertility are areas that require more studies as we continue to research into this microorganism.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma genitalium in Symptomatic Male Urethritis: Macrolide Use Is Associated With Increased Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Xiaohong Su ◽  
Wenjing Le ◽  
Sai Li ◽  
Zhaoyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
23S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) causes symptomatic urethritis in men, and can infect alone or together with other sexually transmitted infection (STI) agents. Methods The prevalence of MG and other STIs was determined in 1816 men with symptomatic urethritis. Resistance of MG to macrolides and fluoroquinolones was determined by sequencing; the impact of recent antimicrobial usage on the distribution of MG single or mixed infections was determined. Results Overall, prevalence of MG infection was 19.7% (358/1816). Fifty-four percent (166/307) of MG infections occurred alone in the absence of other STI agents. Men with single MG infection self-administered or were prescribed antibiotics more often in the 30 days prior to enrollment than subjects with urethritis caused by MG coinfection (P < .0001). Higher rates (96.7%) of infection with macrolide resistance in MG were identified in men who had taken macrolides prior to enrollment (P < .03). Overall, 88.9% (303/341) of 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes contained mutations responsible for macrolide resistance; 89.5% (308/344) of parC and 12.4% (42/339) of gyrA genes had mutations responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. Approximately 88% (270/308) of MG had combined mutations in 23S rRNA and parC genes; 10.4% (32/308) had mutations in all 3 genes. Conclusions MG was the single pathogen identified in 11% of men with symptomatic urethritis. Overall, nearly 90% of MG infections were resistant to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Men who took macrolides in the 30 days prior to enrollment had higher rates (97%) of macrolide-resistant MG. Resistance was associated with numerous mutations in 23SrRNA, parC, and gyrA genes.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of HSV, HHV-6, HPV and Mycoplasma genitalium in Chlamydia trachomatis positive and Chlamydia trachomatis Negative Urogenital Samples among Young Women in Finland

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Suvi Korhonen ◽  
Kati Hokynar ◽  
Tiina Eriksson ◽  
Kari Natunen ◽  
Jorma Paavonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Simplex Virus

Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) cause sexually transmitted infections. In addition, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may be a genital co-pathogen. The prevalence rates of HSV, HHV-6, HPV, M. genitalium, and the C. trachomatis ompA genotypes were investigated by PCR in urogenital samples of the C. trachomatis nucleic acid amplification test positive (n = 157) and age-, community- and time-matched negative (n = 157) women. The prevalence of HPV DNA was significantly higher among the C. trachomatis positives than the C. trachomatis negatives (66% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of HSV (1.9% vs. 0%), HHV-6 (11% vs. 14%), and M. genitalium DNA (4.5% vs. 1.9%) was not significantly different between the C. trachomatis-positive and -negative women. Thirteen per cent of test-of-cure specimens tested positive for C. trachomatis. The prevalence of HSV, HHV-6, HPV, M. genitalium, and the C. trachomatis ompA genotypes did not significantly differ between those who cleared the C. trachomatis infection (n = 105) and those who did not (n = 16). The higher prevalence of HPV DNA among the C. trachomatis positives suggests greater sexual activity and increased risk for sexually transmitted pathogens.

Individuality and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
Moral Autonomy ◽  
First Line ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulative Ideal ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Based on an analysis of the marginal markings and annotations Nietzsche made to the works of Emerson in his personal library, the book offers a philosophical interpretation of the impact on Nietzsche’s thought of his reading of these works, a reading that began when he was a schoolboy and extended to the final years of his conscious life. The many ideas and sources of inspiration that Nietzsche drew from Emerson can be organized in terms of two main lines of thought. The first line leads in the direction of the development of the individual personality, that is, the achievement of critical thinking, moral autonomy, and original self-expression. The second line of thought is the overcoming of individuality: that is to say, the need to transcend one’s own individual—and thus by definition limited—view of the world by continually confronting and engaging with visions different from one’s own and by putting into question and debating one’s own values and certainties. The image of the strong personality that Nietzsche forms thanks to his reading of Emerson ultimately takes on the appearance of a nomadic subject who is continually passing out of themselves—that is to say, abandoning their own positions and convictions—so as to undergo a constant process of evolution. In other words, the formation of the individual personality takes on the form of a regulative ideal: a goal that can never be said to have been definitively and once and for all attained.

scholarly journals Prevalence of urogenital, anal, and pharyngeal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium: a cross-sectional study in Reunion island

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Calas ◽  
N. Zemali ◽  
G. Camuset ◽  
J. Jaubert ◽  
R. Manaquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Recommendations for sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening vary significantly across countries. This study evaluated the prevalence of urogenital and extragenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in patients visiting a French STI clinic in the Indian Ocean region to determine whether current STI screening practices should be updated. Methods This cross-sectional study examined all patients who visited the STI clinic between 2014 and 2015. Triplex polymerase chain reaction screening for CT, NG, and MG was performed on urine, vaginal, pharyngeal, and anal specimens (FTD Urethritis Basic Kit, Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg). Results Of the 851 patients enrolled in the study, 367 were women (367/851, 43.2%) and 484 were men (484/851, 56.0%). Overall, 826 urogenital specimens (826/851, 97.1%), 606 pharyngeal specimens (606/851, 71.2%), and 127 anal specimens (127/851, 14.9%) were taken from enrolled patients. The prevalence of urogenital CT and MG was high in women ≤25 years (19/186, 10.21%; 5/186, 2.69%) and in men who have sex with women ≤30 years (16/212, 7.54%; 5/212, 2.36%). Among patients with urogenital CT infection, 13.7% (7/51) had urethritis. All patients with urogenital MG infection were asymptomatic. Men who have sex with men had a high prevalence of pharyngeal CT (2/45, 4.44%) and NG (3/44, 6.81%) and a high prevalence of anal CT (2/27, 7.41%), NG (2/27, 7.40%), and MG (1/27, 3.70%). After excluding patients with concomitant urogenital infection, extragenital infections with at least 1 of the 3 pathogens were found in 20 swabs (20/91, 21.9%) taken from 16 patients (16/81, 19.7%), all of them asymptomatic. Conclusions Routine multisite screening for CT, NG, and MG should be performed to mitigate the transmission of STIs in high-risk sexually active populations.

scholarly journals Improved molecular laboratory productivity by consolidation of testing on the new random-access analyzer Alinity m

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Obermeier ◽  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Robert Ehret ◽  
Francesco Onelia ◽  
Rory Gunson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
International Multicenter Study ◽  
Laboratory Productivity ◽  
Laboratory Workflow

AbstractObjectivesAutomated molecular analyzers have accelerated diagnosis, allowing earlier intervention and better patient follow-up. A recently developed completely automated molecular analyzer, Alinity™ m (Abbott), offers consolidated, continuous, and random-access testing that may improve molecular laboratory workflow.MethodsAn international, multicenter study compared laboratory workflow metrics across various routine analyzers and Alinity m utilizing assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]/Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]/Trichomonas vaginalis [TV]/Mycoplasma genitalium [MG]). Three turnaround times (TATs) were assessed: total TAT (sample arrival to result), sample onboard TAT (sample loading and test starting to result), and processing TAT (sample aspiration to result).ResultsTotal TAT was reduced from days with routine analyzers to hours with Alinity m, independent of requested assays. Sample onboard TATs for standard workflow using routine analyzers ranged from 7 to 32.5 h compared to 2.75–6 h for Alinity m. The mean sample onboard TAT for STAT samples on Alinity m was 2.36 h (±0.19 h). Processing TATs for Alinity m were independent of the combination of assays, with 100% of results reported within 117 min.ConclusionsThe consolidated, continuous, random-access workflow of Alinity m reduces TATs across various assays and is expected to improve both laboratory operational efficiency and patient care.

scholarly journals Direct detection of microorganisms responsible for the sexually transmitted infection on the mobile real-time PCR device without treating in advance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Muraoka ◽  
Kazunori Sohma ◽  
Osamu Kawaguchi ◽  
Mikio Mizukoshi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Ct Value

ABSTRACTAs WHO reported, four curable STIs-chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis occur more than 1 million per each day globally almond 2016. For this reason, it is important to control these STIs, one of which is “to detect”. The general methods in order to detect STIs are nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). One of the reasons why NAATs are utilized in many tests is that it is possibly to be more sensitive than other test. However, there needs to treat extraction of nucleic acids in advance and amplify specific regions by NAATs, and hence it must take much labour and much time. In this work, for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Treponema pallidum (TP) which is each etiological agent of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis, we evaluate and propose “quicker and simpler” NAATs. Specifically, utilizing mobile real-time PCR device “PCR1100” and PCR reagent kit “KAPA3G Plant PCR Kit”, it was considered whether real-time direct PCR could be performed or not without treating DNA extraction in advance so-called “direct”.As a result, firstly, we established that real-time direct PCR could be performed in all of CT, NG, and TP, and moreover, each Ct value correlated with the concentration of each organism similarly to detection of genome DNA (each correlation coefficient R2 > 0.95). Moreover, each assay demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of the follows; CT was 10^0.86 = 7.24 IFU/reaction, NG was 10^-0.19 = 0.65 CFU/reaction, and TP was 10^1.4 = 25.1 organisms/reaction. However, it appeared the sensitivity was a little low, especially for CT and TP.Secondly, we found that even as without treating sample in advance, the time of detection was required more less 15 minutes at any of case, which was very quick compared with other current methods for real-time PCR. Additionally, compared with other commercial devices, it was easier to operate the PCR1100 device, for example, start, analysis of Ct value.In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that it is possible for real-time direct PCR to perform with combination of the PCR1100 device and the PCR reagent kit in 3 kinds of microorganisms-CT, NG and TP. Furthermore, we propose “quicker and simpler” methods for NAATs, which it would not take labour and time. Further studies are needed in order to contribute to control STIs.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Lefamulin against Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Paukner ◽  
Astrid Gruss ◽  
Jørgen Skov Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

ABSTRACT The pleuromutilin antibiotic lefamulin demonstrated in vitro activity against the most relevant bacterial pathogens causing sexually transmitted infections (STI), including Chlamydia trachomatis (MIC 50/90 , 0.02/0.04 mg/liter; n = 15), susceptible and multidrug-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium (MIC range, 0.002 to 0.063 mg/liter; n = 6), and susceptible and resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC 50/90 , 0.12/0.5 mg/liter; n = 25). The results suggest that lefamulin could be a promising first-line antibiotic for the treatment of STI, particularly in populations with high rates of resistance to standard-of-care antibiotics.

Tropical genital and sexually acquired infections

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-254
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Granuloma Inguinale ◽  
The World ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk

Chancroid, Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and donovanosis (or Granuloma inguinale) are sexually transmitted infections caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, Chlamydia trachomatis L1, L2, or L3 serotypes, and Klebsiella granulomatis, respectively. They are mostly prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, although LGV has become prevalent in men who have sex with men in the UK, and the rest of western Europe and northern America following epidemics that occurred in or after 2003. Nucleic acid amplification techniques have made the diagnosis more accurate and several oral antibiotic regimens are effective. This chapter also lists some other usually non-sexually transmitted parasitic infections that may affect the genitalia.

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