scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship between Knitted Fabric Porosity and Light Permeability

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Imrith ◽  
Roshan Unmar ◽  
Satyadev Rosunee
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Stitch Density ◽  
Stitch Length ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Jersey

The present paper attempts to investigate the relationship between fabric porosity and light permeability of the knitted structures, namely, rib 1 × 1, rib 2 × 1, single jersey, and plain structure. The rationale is that pores (in a fabric) would allow light to pass through but at the same time provide a quantitative assessment of the UV light permeability of the knitted fabrics, an indication of the protective capacity of the fabrics against UV radiation. The porosity and corresponding light permeability of the knitted structures were measured after varying the following knitting parameters: stitch length, stitch density, and tension on the machine. Furthermore, this work has enabled the development of an apparatus that can measure the amount of light transmitted through the knitted fabrics. The results generated by the equipment were validated through the use of regression equations.

scholarly journals A study on porosity related aspects of cotton knitted fabric with single jersey structure for improved comfort application for garment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Stitch Density ◽  
Stitch Length ◽  
To Come ◽  
Cotton Knitted Fabric ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Single Jersey

Knitted fabrics are the preferred structures in athletic wear in which demand for comfort is a key requirement. Heat and liquid sweat generation during athletic & exercise activities must be transported out and dissipated to the atmosphere. A key property influencing such behaviors is porosity. Two parameters that characterize it are pore size and pore volume. One of the objectives in this research was to come up with models that can predict inter yarn pore size and pore volume for simple weft knitted structures, from fabric particulars, such as courses and Wales, count, yarn size, stitch density, thickness and other geometrical details of the fabric, which characterize the structure. Such a model was developed that was based on the geometry of the unit cell of a single loop. The experimental work in this project involved using a set of 16 knitted fabrics that differ in course count and examining their pore structure and porosity related characteristics. The values of pore size and pore volume were calculated, those of pore size were measured with image analysis, and other parameters. The effects of course count and washing on stitch density, stitch length, fabric thickness and pore size are examined in details.

scholarly journals Comparison of Properties of Single Jersey Knit Fabrics Knitted With Single and Double Ply Yarn of Same Resultant Count

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hosain Reza
Keyword(s):  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knit Fabrics ◽  
Weft Knitted Fabric ◽  
Stitch Density ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Stitch Length ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Single Jersey

The constructional properties of a weft knitted fabric depends on stitch length and yarn count. In this paper it is searched that whether yarn ply affects the properties of weft knitted fabric though knitted from yarns of same resultant count. For this fabric samples were knitted with pairs of single ply and double ply yarns with the same resultant count. Then the constructional properties like course / cm, wales / cm, stitch density, G.S.M. and spirality were measured. 10 data for each property from each sample were taken and averaged. From the averaged data graphs were constructed to make the comparison. From the graphs it is found that the properties (i.e. is course / cm, wales / cm, stitch density, G.S.M) is less in all of the sample knitted from double ply yarns than the fabric samples knitted from single ply yarns. Moreover though the fabric samples were made by the same settings of knitting machine but the stitch length is more in fabric samples knitted by double ply yarns. As the component yarns lose twist during doubling and twisting they become bulkier. For this stitches occupied more spaces in fabric made from double ply yarn. This lead to make the difference in constructional properties between fabric samples made from single ply yarns and double ply yarns of same resultant count.

scholarly journals Changes of the Knitted Fabric Properties due to Exposure to Outdoor Natural Weathering

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900
Author(s):  
Ivana Salopek Cubric ◽  
Vesna Marija Potocic Matkovic ◽  
Zenun Skenderi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vertical Density ◽  
Single Jersey

In order to investigate the changes of knitted fabric properties due to exposure to outdoor natural weathering, a series of single jersey fabrics made from different raw materials was produced. The fabrics were exposed to summer weather conditions in duration of three months. The exposure of knitted fabrics to outdoor natural weathering in the summer period affected all investigated properties, namely, structural properties, tensile properties and heat resistance. The most significant changes were: the vertical density increased up to 31%, the mass per unit area increased up to 26%, the breaking force decreased in both directions for up to 54% and the heat resistance decreased up to 18%.

Mechanical Properties of the Knitted Fabric of SPF/Modal Blended Yarn

2011 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Bin Yang ◽  
Yu Kun Dou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Blended Yarn ◽  
Protein Fibers ◽  
Protein Fiber ◽  
Bending Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tearing Strength

In order to understand the influence of the blended ratio of the soybean protein fibers to the properties of blended fabrics, five soybean protein fiber/modal blended fabrics are knitted and tested. By the analysis of the results, the relationship between the properties of the blended fabrics and the blended ratio of the soybean protein fibers are obtained. With the increase of the ratio of the soybean protein fibers, the tensile strength and the elongation of the blended fabrics increase and the tearing strength and bursting strength of the fabric decrease. With the increase of the ratio of soybean protein fibers, the softness increases and the bending length, abrasion resistance of the knitted fabrics decrease.

scholarly journals Porosity of Knitted Fabrics in the Aspect of Air Permeability - Discussion of Selected Assumptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Havlová ◽  
Jana Špánková
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Yarn Hairiness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Single Jersey

The main focus of this paper is to look into the relationship between the structure and air permeability of single jersey knitted fabric – especially verifying some basic assumptions. First, if it is possible to neglect the permeability of yarns themselves when we evaluate that of knits, and second, if yarn hairiness plays a significant role when we evaluate the relationship between air permeability and the porosity of knits. Theoretical calculations and experiments which were performed using an analysis of microscopic images of the structure of textile materials are used for the determination of inter-yarn and intra-yarn porosity. The paper aims to show t hat the characteristic dimension of inter-yarn pores is significantly higher than that of intra-yarn pores, and also that the values of inter-yarn porosity measured using image analysis methods with hairiness and after the removal of hairiness are statistically significantly different. The correlation coefficients for the porosity values measured and calculated are very high.

Development, investigation and evaluation of smart multifunctional socks

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372097016
Author(s):  
Laimutė Stygienė ◽  
Sandra Varnaitė-Žuravliova ◽  
Aušra Abraitienė ◽  
Audronė Sankauskaitė ◽  
Virginija Skurkytė-Papievienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Insect Repellents ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Fabric Structures ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Single Jersey

The use of a new generation chemical fibers with various functional additives offers new possibilities for the development of advanced (multi)functional textile products. Such compounds as phase change materials (PCMs), metals (like cooper, silver), also natural or chemical insect repellents, FIR emitting ceramic particles and etc. incorporated into fibres’ structure are essential for development of knitted fabrics directly contacting to the skin with effective thermoregulation and such protective properties as: antimicrobial, antistatic, repellence against blood sucking insects. The main parts of socks investigated were knitted in plain plated single jersey pattern. The 3-ply twisted yarns of new structures were used in the outer layer of socks. Yarns were made by using single yarns with PCMs, insect repellent permethrin, ceramic and silver additives containing fibres (Cell Solution® Clima, Cell Solution® Protection, Resistex® Silver). The inner layer of socks was made of polyester (PES) 3-ply twisted yarns with different number of filaments resulted in different structures of socks’ fabric. Based on all obtained thermoregulating and protective characteristics of investigated different knitted fabric structures of socks, the optimal knitted socks were selected. The obtained results of investigations are significant for the development of other knitted fabrics worn next to the skin.

Prediction of deformation behavior of single jersey cotton knitted fabrics using finite element method

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Perumalsamy ◽  
J.C. Sakthivel ◽  
N. Anbumani
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Single Jersey

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the stress-strain relationships of single-jersey knitted fabrics from uniaxial tensile test followed by deformation behavior using finite element analysis. In order to elaborate the study, high, medium and low tightness knitted fabrics were selected and deformation of fabrics analyzed in course, wales and bias directions (0, 45 and 90 degrees). Design/methodology/approach – This study focussed on uni-axial tensile test of produced test samples using Instron 6021 tester and a development of single-jersey knitted loop model using Auto Desk Inventor software (ADI). The knitted fabric material properties and knitted loop model was imported to ANSYS 12.0 software. Findings – Due to structural changes the tightness and thickness of knitted fabric decreases with increase in loop length The tensile result shows maximum breaking strength at course direction (13.43 kg f/mm2 at 2.7 mm) and maximum extension at wales direction (165.77 kg f/mm2 at 3.3 mm). When the loop length increases, the elongation of fabrics increased and load carrying capacity of fabrics reduced. The Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and shear modulus of fabrics reduced with increase in loop length. The deformation of fabrics increased with increase in loop length. The increase in loop length gives large amount of structural changes and it is due to slacking or jamming in loops and loosening in dimensions. When comparing the deformation results, the variation within the fabric is higher and structural damage little more when increasing the loop length of the fabric. Originality/value – From ANOVA test, stress and strain distribution was statistically significant among course, wales and bias directions at 95 percent confidence level. The values got from Instron test indicates that testing direction can alter its deformation. In deformation analysis, comparing both experimental and prediction, high amount of structural changes observed in wales direction. The used tetrahedral elements can be used for contact analysis with high accuracy. For non-linear problems, consistent approach was proposed which makes the sense to compare with experimental methods. The proposed model will make possible developments and the preliminary validation tests shows good agreement with experimental data.

Effects of Yarn and Fabric Construction on Spirality of Cotton Single Jersey Fabrics

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Tao ◽  
R. C. Dhingra ◽  
C. K. Chan ◽  
M. S. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Linear Density ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Twist Factor ◽  
Loop Shape ◽  
Fabric Construction ◽  
Single Jersey

Spirality arising from loop distortion in single-jersey knitted fabrics is discussed. Test methods for measuring fabric spirality in knitted fabrics are outlined. Results of an experimental investigation are statistically analyzed considering the effects of yarn/fabric construction factors on the spirality behavior of laboratory produced single-jersey fabrics. The study reveals that the steady-state loop shape for the washed/tumbledried knitted specimens is not unique. Accordingly, the construction factors considered in the statistical analyses are yarn linear density, yarn twist factor, fabric tightness factor, and fabric loop shape. The analyses reveal the importance of the yarn twist factor as well as the fabric tightness factor in promoting fabric spirality. Multiple linear regression equations of practical importance for predicting fabric spirality are derived from the experimental results.

scholarly journals An Investigation On Air and Thermal Transmission Through Knitted Fabric Structures Using the Taguchi Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindya Ghosh ◽  
Prithwiraj Mal ◽  
Abhijit Majumdar ◽  
Debamalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Air Permeability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Fabric Structures ◽  
Noise Factors ◽  
Single Jersey ◽  
Thermal Absorptivity

Abstract Knitted fabrics have excellent comfort properties because of their typical porous structure. Different comfort properties of knitted fabrics such as air permeability, thermal absorptivity, and thermal conductivity depend on the properties of raw material and knitting parameters. In this paper, an investigation was done to observe the effect of yarn count, loop length, knitting speed, and yarn input tension in the presence of two uncontrollable noise factors on selected comfort properties of single jersey and 1×1 rib knitted fabrics using the Taguchi experimental design. The results show that yarn count and loop length have significant influence on the thermo-physiological comfort properties of knitted fabrics.

scholarly journals An Investigation on The Effect of Machine Gauge on the Properties of Weft Knitted Fabric

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hosain Reza ◽  
Md. Tanveer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Dimensional Properties ◽  
Weft Knitted Fabric ◽  
Stitch Density ◽  
Stitch Length ◽  
Fabric Sample

To investigate the effect of machine gauge on properties of weft knitted fabric, three V – bed knitting machines of different gauges were selected for fabric sample production. They were of gauge 7, 12, and 14. With these three machines, three 1 × 1 rib fabric samples were produced by using 20 / 2 (Ne) yarn. Keeping the same machine settings, 1 × 1 rib fabric samples were produced by using 32 / 2 (Ne) and 40 / 2 (Ne) yarns. The dimensional properties like course / cm, wales / cm, stitch density per square cm, and G.S.M. were measured from the samples. They were tabulated and presented by graphs to observe the effects. To analyze the effects, the stitch length of each fabric’s samples was measured. It was found that the stitch length increases as the machine gauge decreases and vice-versa. As a result, all other properties like; course / cm, wales / cm, stitch density and G.S.M. also changes. It was concluded that the machine gauge affects the knit fabric properties and it has a specific trend.

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