scholarly journals A Data Age Dependent Broadcast Forwarding Algorithm for Reliable Platooning Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marcus Larsson ◽  
Magnus Jonsson ◽  
Fredrik Warg ◽  
Kristian Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Low Level ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Broadcast Message ◽  
Link Information

We propose a broadcast message forwarding algorithm for V2V communication in a platooning scenario for heavy duty trucks. The algorithm utilizes link information, which is piggybacked on the original data packet, to estimate which nodes are best suited to forward the packet. The aim is to reach all nodes in the platoon with as few forward messages as possible in order to avoid channel congestion. The algorithm is evaluated by simulation using real world V2V measurement data as input. We show that the algorithm performs almost as good as two ETSI standardized forwarding algorithms with respect to keeping the data age for the entire platoon at a low level. But when it comes to keeping the message intensity low, our algorithm outperforms the better of the ETSI algorithms by 35%.

Number size distribution of particulate emissions of heavy-duty engines in real world test cycles

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 5247-5259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Lehmann ◽  
Martin Mohr ◽  
Thomas Schweizer ◽  
Josef Rütter
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Real World ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Number Size Distribution

scholarly journals Understanding elevated real-world NOx emissions: Heavy-duty diesel engine certification testing versus in-use vehicle testing

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 121771
Author(s):  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
Jiacheng Yang ◽  
Georgios Karavalakis ◽  
Kent C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Real World ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Certification Testing ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Vehicle Testing

scholarly journals Tuning in scene-preferring cortex for mid-level visual features gives rise to selectivity across multiple levels of stimulus complexity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Pui Donald Li ◽  
Michael F. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hierarchical Encoding ◽  
Natural Statistics ◽  
High Throughput Experiments

The scene-preferring portion of the human ventral visual stream, known as the parahippocampal place area (PPA), responds to scenes and landmark objects, which tend to be large in real-world size, fixed in location, and inanimate. However, the PPA also exhibits preferences for low-level contour statistics, including rectilinearity and cardinal orientations, that are not directly predicted by theories of scene- and landmark-selectivity. It is unknown whether these divergent findings of both low- and high-level selectivity in the PPA can be explained by a unified computational theory. To address this issue, we fit hierarchical computational models of mid-level tuning to the image-evoked fMRI responses of the PPA, and we performed a series of high-throughput experiments on these models. Our findings show that hierarchical encoding models of the PPA exhibit emergent selectivity across multiple levels of complexity, giving rise to high-level preferences along dimensions of real-world size, fixedness, and naturalness/animacy as well as low-level preferences for rectilinear shapes and cardinal orientations. These results reconcile disparate theories of PPA function in a unified model of mid-level visual representation, and they demonstrate how multifaceted selectivity profiles naturally emerge from the hierarchical computations of visual cortex and the natural statistics of images.

scholarly journals Mosaicism in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Case Report, Literature Review, and Original Data from Danish Hospitals

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Julie Loft Nagel ◽  
Maja Patricia Smerdel ◽  
Lisbeth Birk Møller ◽  
Lotte Andreasen ◽  
Anette Bygum
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Organ Systems

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease with hamartomatous growths in multiple organs due to loss-of-function variants in TSC1 or TSC2. In approximately 15% of patients with clinical TSC, no pathogenic variant can be identified, and low-level mosaicism is suggested to be one of the reasons. Mosaicism is well-known in TSC and challenges the molecular genetic diagnosis. The advent of next-generation sequencing has improved the diagnostics in TSC including in patients with mosaicism. The TSC phenotype varies widely, and mosaic patients with TSC are often considered to have a milder phenotype. Here, the authors describe a patient with mosaic TSC with a 10% variant allele fraction and manifestations in three organ systems (skin, eyes, and kidneys). Furthermore, the authors studied existing literature about phenotypic organ manifestations in patients with mosaic TSC. No clear definition of the phenotype of patients with mosaic TSC could be established, but unilateral angiofibromas and the absence of tubers and a subependymal nodule could indicate mosaicism. The case shows that patients with low-level mosaic TSC can have multiple affected organ systems though still a mild clinical picture.

Variability in Real-World Activity Patterns of Heavy-Duty Vehicles by Vocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Scora ◽  
Kanok Boriboonsomsin ◽  
Thomas D. Durbin ◽  
Kent Johnson ◽  
Seungju Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

Vehicle activity is an integral component in the estimation of mobile source emissions and the study of emission inventories. In the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) model and the California Air Resources Board’s (CARB’s) Emission Factor (EMFAC) model, vehicle activity is defined for source types, in which vehicles within a source type are assumed to have the same activity. In both of these models, source types for heavy-duty vehicles are limited in number and the assumption that the activity within these source types is similar may be inaccurate. The focus of this paper is to improve vehicle emission estimates by improving characterization of heavy-duty vehicle activity using vehicle vocation. This paper presents results and analysis from the collection of real-world activity data of 90 vehicles from 19 vehicle categories made up from a combination of vehicle vocation, gross vehicle weight, and geographical area— namely, line haul—out of state; line haul—in state; drayage—Northern California; drayage—Southern California; agricultural—Southern Central Valley; heavy construction; concrete mixers; food distribution; beverage distribution; local moving; airport shuttle; refuse; urban buses; express buses; freeway work; sweeping; municipal work; towing; and utility repair. Results show that real-world activity patterns of heavy-duty vehicles vary greatly by vocation and in some cases by geographic region. Vocation-specific activity information can be used to update assumptions in EPA’s MOVES model or CARB’s EMFAC model to address this variability in emission inventory development.

scholarly journals The Table-top Visual Search Ability Test for children and young people: Normative response time data from typically developing children

2020 ◽  
pp. 026461962091525
Author(s):  
Jonathan Waddington ◽  
Jade S Pickering ◽  
Timothy Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Young People ◽  
Real World ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Age Dependent

Five table-top tasks were developed to test the visual search ability of children and young people in a real-world context, and to assess the transfer of training-related improvements in visual search on computerised tasks to real-world activities. Each task involved searching for a set of target objects among distracting objects on a table-top. Performance on the Table-top Visual Search Ability Test for Children (TVSAT-C) was measured as the time spent searching for targets divided by the number of targets found. A total of 108 typically developing children (3–11 years old) and eight children with vision impairment (7–12 years old) participated in the study. A significant correlation was found between log-transformed age and log-transformed performance ( R2 = .65, p = 4 × 10−26) in our normative sample, indicating a monomial power law relationship between age and performance with an exponent of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] We calculated age-dependent percentiles and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated the third percentile as the optimal cut-off for detecting a visual search deficit, giving a specificity of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and sensitivity of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for the test. Further studies are required to calculate measures of reliability and external validity, to confirm sensitivity for visual search deficits, and to investigate the most appropriate response modes for participants with conditions that affect manual dexterity. In addition, more work is needed to assess construct validity where semantic knowledge is required that younger children may not have experience with. We have made the protocol and age-dependent normative data available for those interested in using the test in research or practice, and to illustrate the smooth developmental trajectory of visual search ability during childhood.

Who Governs in the Council? Determinants of Ministerial Participation in Council Meetings

2020 ◽  
pp. 088832541990052
Author(s):  
Jan Kovář ◽  
Kamil Kovář
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Member States ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Visegrád Countries ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
The Eu

The Council of the EU is the primary institution through which ministers of member states can express their positions on Commission proposals and vote upon legislation. This article first examines the extent to which ministers actually attend Council meetings before moving toward investigating the determinants of ministerial participation in over a period covering almost thirteen years between May 2004 and December 2016. It aims to identify determinants of why ministers from the Visegrad countries participate at some meetings and are absent from others. Using an original data set containing information about 940 Council meetings as well as several country-specific characteristics, we show that, on average, at about four out of every six meetings, ministers are absent. The results of our regressions indicate a pattern in which holding the office of the EU’s rotating presidency, the number of b-points on the agenda, and the size of the government increase the likelihood of ministerial participation in meetings. In contrast, high levels of popular support for Eurosceptic parties and holding of national legislative elections decrease the probability of ministerial attendance. Moreover, meetings of Council formations related to policy areas with a low level of EU competence are significantly less likely to be attended by ministers.

Watching Your Weight

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
Doug Clarke
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
Content Areas ◽  
Standards Documents

The NCTM's standards documents (1989, 1991) encourage teachers to present students with activities that are drawn from real-world contexts and that help them make connections among various content areas. The following situation involves a wealth of mathematics for middle school and high school students, including measurement, data analysis, ratio, predictions, and graphing.

scholarly journals Changes in low-level neural properties underlie age-dependent visual decision making

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Arani ◽  
Raymond van Ee ◽  
Richard van Wezel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Age Dependent
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