scholarly journals Paired Stimulation to Promote Lasting Augmentation of Corticospinal Circuits

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Y. Harel ◽  
Jason B. Carmel
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Corticospinal System ◽  
Hebbian Plasticity ◽  
Paired Stimulation ◽  
Tonic Excitation ◽  
Common Target ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Site Stimulation

After injury, electrical stimulation of the nervous system can augment plasticity of spared or latent circuits through focal modulation. Pairing stimulation of two parts of a spared circuit can target modulation more specifically to the intended circuit. We discuss 3 kinds of paired stimulation in the context of the corticospinal system, because of its importance in clinical neurorehabilitation. The first uses principles of Hebbian plasticity: by altering the stimulation timing of presynaptic neurons and their postsynaptic targets, synapse function can be modulated up or down. The second form uses synchronized presynaptic inputs onto a common synaptic target. We dub this a “convergent” mechanism, because stimuli have to converge on a common target with coordinated timing. The third form induces focal modulation by tonic excitation of one region (e.g., the spinal cord) during phasic stimulation of another (e.g., motor cortex). Additionally, endogenous neural activity may be paired with exogenous electrical stimulation. This review addresses what is known about paired stimulation of the corticospinal system of both humans and animal models, emphasizes how it qualitatively differs from single-site stimulation, and discusses the gaps in knowledge that must be addressed to maximize its use and efficacy in neurorehabilitation.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of neural activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlea

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F Ryan ◽  
Josef M Miller ◽  
Wang Zhi-Xian ◽  
Nigel K Woolf
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Prevention of increased blood loss in obstetric practice by external electrical stimulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
L. A. Kozlov ◽  
I. F. Polyakov ◽  
V. V. Sevastyanov ◽  
E. K. Kazimirov
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Obstetric Practice ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Placental Site ◽  
Stimulation Of

Prevention of increased blood loss in the postpartum and early postpartum periods can be carried out by influencing both the contractility of the uterus and coagulation in the vessels of the placental site. At present, uterine contractility is enhanced most often by administering appropriate drugs, but the use of electrical stimulation of the uterus seems promising. The requests of obstetric practice require long-term use of electrostimulation with excitation of uterine contractions close to natural. It is also desirable that uterine electrostimulation is performed during the first and second periods of labor with its prospective continuation in the third and early postpartum periods.

scholarly journals Plastic Changes in Primate Motor Cortex Following Paired Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonne Habekost ◽  
Maria Germann ◽  
Stuart N Baker
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Paired Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Decoding Accuracy ◽  
Stimulation Of

Repeated paired stimulation of two peripheral nerves can produce lasting changes in motor cortical excitability, but little is known of the underlying neuronal basis. Here we trained two macaque monkeys to perform selective thumb and index finger abduction movements. Neural activity was recorded from the contralateral primary motor cortex during task performance, and following stimulation of the ulnar and median nerves, and the nerve supplying the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscle. Responses were compared before and after one hour of synchronous or asynchronous paired ulnar/median nerve stimulation. Task performance was significantly enhanced after asynchronous, and impaired after synchronous stimulation. The amplitude of short latency neural responses to median and ulnar nerve stimulation was increased after asynchronous stimulation; later components were reduced after synchronous stimulation. Synchronous stimulation increased neural activity during thumb movement and decreased it during index finger movement; asynchronous stimulation decreased activity during both movements. To assess how well neural activity could separate behavioral or sensory conditions, linear discriminant analysis was used to decode which nerve was stimulated, or which digit moved. Decoding accuracy for nerve stimulation was decreased after synchronous, and increased after asynchronous paired stimulation. Decoding accuracy for task performance was decreased after synchronous, but unchanged after asynchronous paired stimulation. Paired stimulation produces changes in motor cortical circuits which outlast the stimulation. Some of these changes depend on precise stimulus timing.

Spinal interneurons with sympathetic nerve-related activity

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. R761-R767 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Barman ◽  
G. L. Gebber
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cardiac Nerve ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Inferior Cardiac Nerve ◽  
Stimulation Of

This study tested the hypothesis that at least some brain stem and reflex control of sympathetic outflow is mediated over pathways containing spinal interneurons. The vicinity of the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) of the third thoracic spinal segment was searched for neurons with spontaneous activity correlated to that in the inferior cardiac post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve of 16 baroreceptor-denervated cats anesthetized with Dial-urethane. Section of the carotid sinus, aortic depressor, and vagus nerves prevented the coupling of sympathetic and nonsympathetic networks by pulse synchronous baroreceptor activity. Spike-triggered averaging revealed the existence of two types of spinal neurons with sympathetic nerve-related activity. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons (PSN; n = 33) were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of their axons in the third thoracic white ramus. Four observations suggest that the second group of neurons with sympathetic nerve-related activity (n = 18) were spinal interneurons (SIN) in pathways that excite PSN. First, these neurons could not be antidromically activated by stimulation of the segmental white ramus. Second, the intervals between spontaneous unit spike occurrence and inferior cardiac nerve activity were similar for SIN and PSN. Third, SIN and PSN were activated with nearly identical onset latencies by electrical stimulation of medullary sympathoexcitatory sites. Fourth, SIN were excited by intensities of cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation that also activated PSN and the inferior cardiac nerve. SIN and PSN were distinguished on the basis of their spontaneous firing patterns; i.e., interspike intervals of SIN were significantly shorter than those of PSN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Dense arrays of micro-needles for recording and electrical stimulation of neural activity in acute brain slices

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 016007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Gunning ◽  
J M Beggs ◽  
W Dabrowski ◽  
P Hottowy ◽  
C J Kenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Dense Arrays ◽  
Stimulation Of
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