scholarly journals Species Specific Responses to Age on Nodule Formation, Seedling Growth, and Biomass Production of Acacia auriculiformis at Nursery Stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Salim Azad ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan Sumon
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Nodulation responses of leguminous trees are very important for intercropping to reduce reliance on artificial nitrogen input through nitrogen fixation in agroforestry system. This study was carried out to evaluate the status of nodulation (i.e., the number of nodules and their shape and size) in root and biomass production of plant growth parameters (i.e., number of leaves, shoot height, root biomass, and shoot biomass) of A. auriculiformis seedlings. The assessment was conducted 60 days after seed germination. The study revealed significant differences in nodule number per seedling, leaf number per seedling, shoot height, and biomass accumulation (both green and oven dry weight) with seedling age (p<0.05). The study also revealed significant correlation among the variables of nodulation responses and biomass production. The results obtained using principal component analysis (PCA) justified correlation matrix of nodulation responses and biomass production of this species. The PCA showed that root biomass per seedling, leaf number per seedling, nodule number per seedling, shoot height, age of seedling, and shoot biomass per seedling were clustered with PC1 (with an eigenvalue of 5.59) and root shoot ratios were clustered with PC2 (with an eigenvalue of 1.82). Our study justified that shoot height may be an important determinant of nodule formation of A. auriculiformis.

scholarly journals Effects of water deficit on growth and physiology of young Conocarpus erectus L. and Ficus benjamina L. Saplings

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Muhammad Abdullah ◽  
Mir Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Co2 Assimilation Rate ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water deficit on growth and physiological parameters of Ficus benjamina and Conocarpus erectus. The results revealed that all growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, no. of leaves, no. of branches and chlorophyll contents significantly decreased under water deficit condition. Interestingly, although leaf, stem and total biomass production and allocation decreased significantly under water deficit, but root biomass production and allocation increased significantly. Similarly, stomatal conductance to water vapor decreased significantly and CO2 assimilation rate remained similar to control under water deficit condition. Resultantly, a significant increase in water use efficiency was evident in both species under water deficit condition. These results suggested that, in spite of a significant decrease in biomass production, young Conocarpus erectus and Ficus benjamina can tolerate water deficit which is due to sustained CO2 assimilation rate and increase in root biomass.

scholarly journals Determinants of Shoot Biomass Production in Mulberry: Combined Selection with Leaf Morphological and Physiological Traits

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Cao ◽  
Qiudi Shen ◽  
Chunqiong Shang ◽  
Honglei Yang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration

Physiological and morphological traits have a considerable impact on the biomass production of fast-growing trees. To compare cultivar difference in shoot biomass and investigate its relationships with leaf functional traits in mulberry, agronomic traits and 20 physiological and morphological attributes of 3-year-old mulberry trees from eight cultivars growing in a common garden were analyzed. The cultivars Xiang7920, Yu711, and Yunsang2 had higher shoot fresh biomass (SFB), which was closely associated with their rapid leaf expansion rate, large leaf area, and high stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C). Conversely, the cultivars 7307, Husang32, Wupu, Yunguo1, and Liaolu11 were less productive, and this was primarily the result of slower leaf expansion and smaller leaf size. Growth performance was negatively correlated with leaf δ13C and positively correlated with the total nitrogen concentration, indicating that a compromise exists in mulberry between water use efficiency (WUE) (low δ13C) and high nitrogen consumption for rapid growth. Several morphological traits, including the maximum leaf area (LAmax), leaf width and length, petiole width and length, leaf number per shoot, and final shoot height were correlated with SFB. The physiological traits that were also influential factors of shoot biomass were the leaf δ13C, the total nitrogen concentration, and the water content. Among the studied leaf traits, LAmax, leaf δ13C, and concentrations of chlorophyll a and b were identified as the most representative predictor variables for SFB, accounting for 73% of the variability in SFB. In conclusion, a combination of LAmax, leaf δ13C, and chlorophyll should be considered in selection programs for high-yield mulberry cultivars.

scholarly journals N sources affect growth, nutrient content, and net photosynthesis in maté (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Gaiad ◽  
Miroslava Rakocevic ◽  
Carlos Bruno Reissmann
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Sources

The influence of different N sources on the growth of maté (Ilex paragurariensis St.Hil.) seedlings grown in greenhouse was studied. All seedlings received a base fertilization of 10 mg N.kg-1 soil as NH4NO3, 60 mg P2O5.and 40 mg K2O.kg-1 soil as KH2PO4 15 days before treatments application. Treatments were as follow: Control, with no extra N added; Urea = 100 mg N.kg-1 soil as Urea; NO3- = 100 mg N.kg-1 soil as Ca(NO3)2; and NH4+ = 100 mg N.kg-1 soil as (NH4)2SO4. It was concluded that: 1) increasing N content in leaves alone was not able to promote gain in biomass production of maté seedlings; 2) seedlings receiving N-NH4 showed a higher accumulation of P and Mg on shoot biomass; and 3) an increase in leaf area, leaf number and net photosynthesis observed at the N-NH4 treatment was coincident with an increasing absorption of P and Mg.

scholarly journals Response of hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) to UV-B radiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stokłosa ◽  
Hamid Madani ◽  
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

This greenhouse experiment evaluated the response of hoary alyssum plants, up to the rosette phase, to different levels of UV-B radiation. The experiment was carried out in the chambers, equipped with UV-B lamps, emitting biologically effective UV-B radiation of 0 (control), 4, 6 or 8 kJ. As a result, specific traits of the plants such as: leaf number, lamina length, leaf area, specific leaf weight, relative chlorophyll content and shoot biomass were unaffected by any of the UV-B treatments. Significant reductions in the share of large leaves, leaf stalk length and root biomass were noted for plants growing under 8 kJ UV-B<sub>BE</sub>.

scholarly journals Effect of Glomus microcarpum in Relation to the Biomass Production of Wheat Plants

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Nirmala Dhungana ◽  
Prakash Raut ◽  
Anjana Singh
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Root And Shoot Biomass ◽  
Potential Use

Many studies have shown that mycorrhizal inoculations enhance the growth and nutrient uptake by plants. However, in Nepal, the focus of study is being given to the leguminous plants. To study the effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in the biomass production of wheat, common VAM fungus Glomus microcarpum was inoculated in four varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) (i.e. WK 810, WK 1320, WK 1357 and WK 2089); the VAM spores being isolated by wet sieving and decanting process. Recording effects were started after one week of seed sowing, then weekly for growth parameters and on 15 days interval for edaphic parameters. In all cultivars, increased root and shoot biomass were recorded in inoculated ones compared to their non-inoculated counterparts. The reaction to the G. microcarpum inoculants was not different significantly for all cultivars when comparison was made on them on 89th day after inoculation, where the biomass values were recorded maximum. Also, phosphorus and organic matter contents of soil related inversely to the VAM fungal spore number in the soil and the root infection. This study demonstrates the potential use of G. microcarpum as biofertilizer in nutrient poor soils. Key words: vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae; Glomus microcarpum; Triticum aestivum DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3169 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 79-83

Shoot-to-root ratios and root biomass of cool-season feed crops in a boreal Podzolic soil in Newfoundland

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Kwabiah ◽  
D. Spaner ◽  
A G Todd
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
N Rates

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) crops are grown as feed grains by Newfoundland (NL) dairy farmers. The cereals are either grown as monoculture or intercropped with field pea (Pisum sativum L.) with or without N fertilization. Two experiments were conducted in both 2000 and 2001 to evaluate the shoot-to-root (S:R) weight ratios and root biomass in these production systems. Experiment 1 involved monocultures of pea sown at 150 kg ha-1, and barley and oat each sown at 170 kg ha-1. For pea-barley and pea-oat intercrops, pea was sown at 150 kg ha-1 and each cereal component was sown at either 85 and 170 kg ha-1. The seven treatments were referred to, respectively, as pea150, barley170, oat170, pea150-barley85, pea150-oat85, pea150-barley170, and pea150-oat170. Experiment 2 evaluated factorial combinations of two barley seeding rates of 107 kg ha-1 (low) and 157 kg ha-1 (high) and three N rates (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1) applied at Zadok’s Growth Stage (ZGS 30). Root biomass was sampled from soil (30-cm depth) and determined at about the anthesis stage of oat and barley and the shoot biomass at maturity (ZGS 90). In exp.1, the S:R ratios of oat170 and pea150-oat85and pea150-oat170 ranged from 8.1 to 8.8 and were lower than barley170, pea150, pea150-barley85and pea150-barley170 which ranged from 10.0 to 12.5. Barley170 had the highest root biomass of 835 kg ha-1 followed by pea150-barley170 (745 kg ha-1) and pea150-oat170 (765 kg ha-1). Intercropping pea with cereals increased root biomas s by 31% for pea150-barley85and 48% for pea150-oat85compared to pea150. However, root biomass increased by 109% for pea150-barley170 and 104% for pea150-oat170, indicating that the cereal component of the intercrops contributed more to the root biomass than the pea at the higher seeding rate of the cereal crop. In exp. 2, the 0 kg N ha-1 rate produced the lowest S:R ratios irrespective of the barley seeding rate. When N was applied, both the shoot biomass and root biomass appeared to be increased at the high barley seeding rate. The feed grain production practice in Newfoundland could affect root biomass production in soil. High cereal seeding rates in either monoculture and intercrop systems are required to maximize root biomass production and therefore increase C inputs into the soil. Key words: Shoot-to-root (S:R) ratios, root biomass, intercrops, barley, oat, pea, seeding rate

scholarly journals Inoculating Acacia koa with Bradyrhizobium and Applying Fertilizer in the Nursery: Effects on Nodule Formation and Seedling Growth

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasten Dumroese ◽  
Douglass F. Jacobs ◽  
Anthony S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Acacia Koa ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Nodule Biomass

Restoration of Acacia koa A. Gray (koa) forests on degraded sites in Hawaii is important for conservation of rare, endemic plants and animals and is often accomplished by planting nursery-grown seedlings. To be successful after outplanting, koa seedlings must access sufficient nutrients from the soil and outcompete other vegetation. Forming symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms may help alleviate inherent nutrient deficiencies found on volcanic sites, but interactions between inoculation and fertilization during production of koa seedlings are not well studied. Under operational nursery conditions, we fertilized koa seedlings at six controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rates (ranging from 0 to 11.9 kg·m−3 Osmocote Plus 15N–9P–12K), which were also either inoculated with a locally collected source of nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium spp. or not. Fertilized seedlings were significantly larger than the control; on average, fertilized seedlings were 300% taller and had 180%, 700%, and 350% more root-collar diameter, shoot biomass, and root biomass, respectively. Nitrogen (N) concentration was 23% to 119% greater in fertilized seedlings than nonfertilized seedlings. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium had no significant affect on seedling characteristics except for root N concentration, which was 8% higher for inoculated seedlings. Fertilizer rate and inoculation interacted to significantly affect nodule number and nodule biomass/seedling. With inoculation, we observed an increase in nodule number (16.5 to 25.5) and biomass (5.8 mg to 11.7 mg) with fertilizer rate up to 4.7 kg·m−3 but a decline to nearly zero at the highest rates. Without inoculation, nodule formation was scarce (3.2 nodules/seedling or less) and only observed when CRF was 2.3 kg·m−3 or less. Our results suggest that high rates of fertilization and successful nodulation are not mutually exclusive nursery practices. Concurrent use of fertilization and inoculation in the nursery may provide opportunity to produce larger seedlings that have high potential to reduce the time needed to achieve canopy closure and thereby help achieve restoration objectives.

Variation in early phosphorus-uptake efficiency among wheat genotypes grown on two contrasting Australian soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingtan Liao ◽  
Peter J. Hocking ◽  
Bei Dong ◽  
Emmanuel Delhaize ◽  
Alan E Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Biomass Potential

Seedlings from 198 wheat genotypes were screened in glasshouse trials for early biomass production (49 days after sowing, DAS) in a soil high in total phosphorus (P) but low in plant-available P. Fifteen hexaploid bread wheats were then examined more closely for early biomass production on 2 low-P soils: a highly P-fixing Ferrosol (1.3 mg resin-extractable P/kg) and a Red Kandosol (5.2 mg resin-extractable P/kg). The soils were either unamended for P or supplemented with sufficient P for maximum growth. Single lines of rye, triticale, and durum wheat were included for comparison. The plants were harvested at 21 and 35 DAS, and shoot biomass, root biomass, P content, and root length were measured. Shoot biomass was correlated with the P content of the seed in both unamended soils at the first harvest but only in the Ferrosol at the second harvest. There were no correlations between seed P and shoot biomass in the high-P treatments at either harvest. Genotypes were compared with one another by plotting shoot biomass from the high-P treatment against shoot biomass from the low-P treatment. Phosphorus-efficient genotypes were defined as those with relatively greater biomass at low P, while genotypes with a high biomass potential were defined as those able to accumulate relatively more biomass at high P. Two hexaploid wheats, Kukri and Vigour 18, were ranked as being P-efficient genotypes with a high biomass potential on both soils, while Halberd, CD87, and Katepwa were P-inefficient on both soils. Biomass accumulation for each genotype was compared with their root biomass, root : shoot ratio, specific root length and P-uptake efficiency. The strongest correlation across all treatments occurred between shoot biomass and root biomass. We discuss factors that may contribute to the variation in P-uptake efficiency among the genotypes.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

Identification of Consensus Regions Associated with Shoot Biomass Production in the Medicago Genome

Crop Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Ray ◽  
M. J. Monteros ◽  
B. Julier ◽  
M. K. Sledge ◽  
E. C. Brummer
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Shoot Biomass
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