scholarly journals Assessing a Metacognitive Account of Associative Memory Impairments in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Illman ◽  
Steven Kemp ◽  
Céline Souchay ◽  
Robin G. Morris ◽  
Chris J. A. Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Associative Recognition ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Lower Confidence ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Status

Previous research has pointed to a deficit in associative recognition in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Associative recognition tasks require discrimination between various combinations of words which have and have not been seen previously (such as old-old or old-new pairs). People with TLE tend to respond to rearranged old-old pairs as if they are “intact” old-old pairs, which has been interpreted as a failure to use a recollection strategy to overcome the familiarity of two recombined words into a new pairing. We examined this specific deficit in the context of metacognition, using postdecision confidence judgements at test. We expected that TLE patients would show inappropriate levels of confidence for associative recognition. Although TLE patients reported lower confidence levels in their responses overall, they were sensitive to the difficulty of varying pair types in their judgements and gave significantly higher confidence ratings for their correct answers. We conclude that a strategic deficit is not at play in the associative recognition of people with TLE, insofar as they are able to monitor the status of their memory system. This adds to a growing body of research suggesting that recollection is impaired in TLE, but not metacognition.

Comparative effects of schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy on memory

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY J. SEIDMAN ◽  
WILLIAM S. STONE ◽  
ROSALIND JONES ◽  
ROBERT H. HARRISON ◽  
ALLAN F. MIRSKY
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Memory Disorder

The goal of this study was to further characterize episodic memory functioning in schizophrenia. This study compared verbal and visual learning and memory performance in (1) patients with schizophrenia (N = 35), (2) patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE; N = 30), and (3) normal controls (N = 25). Results indicated significant memory impairments in patients with schizophrenia and TLE. “Savings” score measures of memory decay showed that the loss of information in schizophrenia and TLE was approximately equal, and quantitatively mild compared to that found in most neurologic groups with memory disorders. The severe difficulty shown by the schizophrenia group on a task of incidental recall suggested that the absence of instructional set added to a vulnerability to memory deficit. In contrast, relatively mildly impaired performance on paired associate learning suggested that patients with schizophrenia benefited from retrieval cues, multiple trials, and short (nonsupraspan) informational loads. Because patients with schizophrenia consisted of a relatively nonchronic sample with a mean IQ of 99.7, their memory disorder could not be attributed to schizophrenic dementia, nor was it accounted for by other potential confounds. Patients with schizophrenia, even those relatively early in the course of illness, have a mild episodic memory disorder. (JINS, 1998, 4, 342–352.)

scholarly journals Status epilepticus of focal impaired-awareness seizures. Russkiy zhurnal detskoy nevrologii

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
V. E. Kitaeva ◽  
A. S. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Impaired Awareness ◽  
Frontal Epilepsy

Background. The status epilepticus of focal impaired-awareness seizures (SE FIAS) is a series of focal seizures with loss or change of consciousness, between which there is no complete recovery of consciousness. This status epilepticus occurs in patients with temporal (especially with hippocampal sclerosis) and frontal epilepsy. It is important to differentiate SE FIAS with the absence status epilepticus, with psychiatric disorder, with postictal confusion. As a rule, this status epilepticus is self-terminate, without special treatment.Objective: to study the features of epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in patients with SE FIAS.Materials and methods. The study included 1350 consecutive patients diagnosed with epilepsy.Results and discussion. A history of SE FIAS was found in 20 patients (14 women and 6 men), it occurred in the age range from 5 to 66 years. 13 patients (65 %) had mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, 5 patients (25 %) had frontal lobe epilepsy, and 2 patients (10 %) had lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Only in 80 % of patients treatment was adequate before the development of SE FIAS, in 20 % of patients it was inadequate and subsequently caused the development of status epilepticus. In 40 % of patients the occurrence of SE FIAS is associated with their own non-compliance; in 30 % of patients the development of status epilepticus had iatrogenic causes. Measures to prevent the development of status epilepticus were ineffective only in patients with pharmacoresistant symptomatic epilepsy and in non-compliant patients.Conclusions. SE FIAS occurs in 1 % of patients with epilepsy. Among patients, women with temporal or frontal epilepsy dominate; status epilepticus occurs at any age and is often triggered by changes in therapy due to doctors’ recommendations or patient non-compliance. Usually the status is self-terminating. To prevent its recurrence, adequate antiepileptic therapy is necessary. The prognosis in patients with SE FIAS is favorable; however, the general prognosis remains serious due to the severity of the course of epilepsy.

scholarly journals Alpha 5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in temporal lobe epilepsy with normal MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm J McGinnity ◽  
Daniela A Riaño Barros ◽  
Rainer Hinz ◽  
James F Myers ◽  
Siti N Yaakub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Gabaa Receptors ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
With Memory

Abstract GABAA receptors containing the α5 subunit mediate tonic inhibition and are widely expressed in the limbic system. In animals, activation of α5-containing receptors impairs hippocampus-dependent memory. Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with memory impairments related to neuron loss and other changes. The less selective PET ligand [11C]flumazenil has revealed reductions in GABAA receptors. The hypothesis that α5 subunit receptor alterations are present in temporal lobe epilepsy and could contribute to impaired memory is untested. We compared α5 subunit availability between individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy and normal structural MRI (“MRI-negative”) and healthy controls, and the relationship of α5 subunit availability with episodic memory performance, in a cross-sectional study. Twenty-three healthy male controls (median±interquartile age 49 ± 13 years) and 11 individuals with MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (seven males; 40 ± 8) had a 90-minute PET scan after bolus injection of [11C]Ro15-4513, with arterial blood sampling and metabolite correction. All those with epilepsy and six controls completed the Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIPB) on the scanning day. “Bandpass” exponential spectral analyses were used to calculate volumes-of-distribution separately for the fast component (VF; dominated by signal from α1 (α2, α3)-containing receptors) and the slow component (VS; dominated by signal from α5-containing receptors). We made voxel-by-voxel comparisons between: the epilepsy and control groups; each individual case versus the controls; and epilepsy subgroups based on memory scores. We obtained parametric maps of VF and VS measures from a single bolus injection of [11C]Ro15-4513. The epilepsy group had higher VS in anterior medial & lateral aspects of the temporal lobes, the anterior cingulate gyri, the presumed area tempestas (piriform cortex), and the insulae, in addition to increases of ∼24% and ∼26% in the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampal areas (p < 0.004). This was associated with reduced VF: VS ratios within the same areas (p < 0.009). Comparisons of VS for each individual with epilepsy versus controls did not consistently lateralise the epileptogenic lobe. Memory scores were significantly lower in the epilepsy group than in controls (mean± standard deviation -0.4 ± 1.0 versus 0.7 ± 0.3; p = 0.02). In individuals with epilepsy, hippocampal VS did not correlate with memory performance on the AMIPB. They had reduced VF in the hippocampal area which was significant ipsilaterally (p = 0.03), as expected from [11C]flumazenil studies. We found increased tonic inhibitory neurotransmission in our cohort of MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy who also had co-morbid memory impairments. Our findings are consistent with a subunit shift from α1/2/3 to α5 in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy.

Relationship between déjà vu experiences and recognition-memory impairments in temporal-lobe epilepsy

Memory ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris B. Martin ◽  
Seyed M. Mirsattari ◽  
Jens C. Pruessner ◽  
Jorge G. Burneo ◽  
Brent Hayman-Abello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Deja Vu ◽  
Déjà Vu

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

Theory of mind and social competence in children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy.

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 986-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stewart ◽  
Cathy Catroppa ◽  
Linda Gonzalez ◽  
Deepak Gill ◽  
Richard Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Temporal Lobe
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document